Pooling (resource management)
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Pooling is a resource management term that refers to the grouping together of resources (assets, equipment, effort, etc.) for the purposes of maximizing advantage and/or minimizing risk to the users. The term is used in many disciplines.
Finance
Pooling is the grouping together of assets, and related strategies for minimizing risk. Debt instruments with similar characteristics, such as mortgages, can be pooled into a new security, for example:
- Asset-backed securities (ABS)[clarification needed]
- Mortgage-backed securities (MBS)[clarification needed]
- Collateralized debt obligations (CDO)[clarification needed]
- Collateralized mortgage obligations (CMO)[clarification needed]
- Structured finance[clarification needed]
- Collective investment schemes for pooling in relation to investment.
- Securitization[clarification needed]
- Intergovernmental risk pool[clarification needed]
- Pooling of interests is a merger-accounting method that was taken out of the market in the United States by the Financial Accounting Standards Board on June 30, 2001.
Computing
The resource management concepts of pooling can easily be abstracted and virtualized:
- Memory pooling[clarification needed]
- Thread pooling[clarification needed]
- Object pooling[clarification needed]
- Connection pooling in computer science is a caching technique used to enhance the performance of executing commands on a database.
Equipment
Pooling of equipment is used to maintain "ready for use" equipment while damaged or dirty equipment is repaired and cleaned, by replacing it with an identical piece of equipment from the pool.