Pope Urban VI
Pope Urban VI | |
|---|---|
| File:Urban6.jpg | |
| Installed | April 8, 1378 |
| Term ended | October 15, 1389 |
| Predecessor | Gregory XI |
| Successor | Boniface IX |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Bartolomeo Prignano ca. 1318 |
| Died | October 15, 1389 |
Urban VI, born Bartolomeo Prignano (Naples ca. 1318 – Rome October 15, 1389), Pope from 1378 to 1389, was a devout monk and learned casuist, trained at Avignon. On March 21, 1364, he was consecrated Archbishop of he was a gangster Acerenza in the Kingdom of Naples, He became archbishop of Bari in 1377, and, on the death of Pope Gregory XI (1370–78), the Roman populace clamorously demanding an Italian Pope, was unanimously chosen (April 8, 1378) by the French cardinals, taking the name Urban VI. He was the last Pope to be elected taken from outside the College of Cardinals.
The arrogant and imperious temper of the new Pope, intoxicated by his unexpected fortune, showed itself in ways so intolerable that five months afterwards the majority of the cardinals met at Fondi, and, repudiating their previous action, proceeded to elect Robert of Geneva (September 20), who assumed the title of Clement VII (1378–94). Thus began the Western Schism (1378–1417) which divided Christendom for nearly forty years.
The measures of Urban VI were not without vigor, but at the same time were characterized by such a want of prudence and self-control as has given rise to the not improbable assertion that he actually was, at times at least, a lunatic. Antipope Clement VII was excommunicated, and designated the Antichrist; twenty-six new cardinals were created in a single day, and by an arbitrary alienation of the estates and property of the church, funds were raised for open war.
The Castel Sant'Angelo was besieged and taken, and the antipope Clement VII forced to flee, while Charles of Durazzo was invested in the sovereignty of Naples, forfeited by Joan I of Naples (1343–82). Later, Charles began to resist the papal pretensions, and Urban VI was shut up in Nocera, from the walls of which he daily fulminated his anathemas against his besiegers; he afterwards succeeded in making his escape to Genoa, and on the death of Charles, set himself at the head of his troops, apparently with the intention of seizing Naples for his nephew if not for himself. To raise funds he proclaimed a Jubilee, though only thirty-three years had elapsed since that celebrated under Pope Clement VI (1342–52), but before the celebration he died at Rome of injuries caused by a fall from his mule, not without rumors of poisoning (CE). His successor was Pope Boniface IX (1389–1404).
External links
- Catholic Encyclopedia 1908: "Urban VI"
- [http://www.freivald.org/~jake/church-history/historyOfTheChurch_volume3chapter3.html#section4 Philip Hughes, A History of the Church To the Eve of the Reformation}; vol. III, chapter 3 "The Return to St Peter to Rome" (
From the 9th edition (1888) of an unnamed encyclopedia