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Windows Phone 7
Windows Phone logo
The Start screen in Windows Phone 7.
DeveloperMicrosoft Corporation
OS familyWindows CE
Working stateReleased
PlatformsSilverlight, Microsoft XNA
Kernel typeWindows CE 6.0 R3/7.0 hybrid
LicenseProprietary (Microsoft EULA)
Official websitewww.windowsphone7.com

Windows Phone 7 is a mobile operating system developed by Microsoft, and is the successor to its Windows Mobile platform.[1] Microsoft decided to not make Windows Phone 7 compatible with Windows Phone 6 requiring developing new applications. It is aimed at the consumer market instead of the enterprise market like its predecessor, removing many of the features Windows Mobile provided.[2] With Windows Phone 7, Microsoft offers a new user interface with its design language named Metro, integrates the operating system with 3rd party and other Microsoft services, and strictly controls which hardware it runs on.[3]

History

Operating system development

Work on a major Windows Mobile update may have begun as early as 2004 under the codename "Photon", but work moved slowly and the project was ultimately cancelled.[4] In 2008, Microsoft reorganized the Windows Mobile group and started work on a new mobile operating system.[5] The product was to be released in 2009 as Windows Phone, but several delays prompted Microsoft to develop Windows Mobile 6.5 as an interim release.[6]

Windows Phone 7 was developed quickly. One result was that Windows Mobile applications do not run on it. Larry Lieberman, senior product manager for Microsoft’s Mobile Developer Experience, told eWeek: "If we’d had more time and resources, we may have been able to do something in terms of backward compatibility."[7] Lieberman said that Microsoft was attempting to look at the mobile phone market in a new way, with the end user in mind as well as the enterprise network.[7] Terry Myerson, corporate VP of Windows Phone engineering, said, "With the move to capacitive touch screens, away from the stylus, and the moves to some of the hardware choices we made for the Windows Phone 7 experience, we had to break application compatibility with Windows Mobile 6.5."[8]

Naming

Windows Phone 7 is a rebranding of Microsoft’s old mobile OS called Windows Mobile. Before the official announcement of Windows Phone 7, Microsoft began to refer to devices running Windows Mobile as “Windows Phones”. Microsoft at first announced its new platform as "Windows Phone 7 Series" which initially came under criticism as being too wordy and difficult to say casually. Responding to this, on April 2, 2010 Microsoft announced that the "Series" would be dropped from the name, leaving the platform named Windows Phone 7.[9] Microsoft's official statement on the matter was:

"Customers want a simpler way to say and use the name consistently. The important thing is keeping the focus on the Windows Phone brand, which we introduced in October and will continue investing in through Windows Phone 7 and beyond."

Launch

In February 2010, a Microsoft press release listed the companies that would help make and operate Windows Phone 7. Many hardware makers were listed in the release.

Microsoft unveiled Windows Phone 7 on February 15, 2010, at Mobile World Congress 2010 in Barcelona[10] and revealed additional details at MIX 2010 on March 15, 2010. The final SDK was made available on September 16, 2010.[11]

HP later decided not to build devices for Windows Phone 7, citing that it wanted to focus on devices for its newly purchased WebOS.[12]

Windows Phone 7 supports five languages: English, French, Italian, German and Spanish. Windows Phone Marketplace allows buying and selling applications in 17 countries and regions: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, Hong Kong, India, Ireland, Italy, Mexico, New Zealand, Singapore, Spain, Switzerland, Puerto Rico, United Kingdom, and United States.[13]

It was launched in Europe, Singapore, Australia and New Zealand on October 21, 2010, and in the US and Canada on November 8, 2010, Mexico on November 24, 2010, with Asia to follow in 2011.[14]

On October 11, 2010, Microsoft's CEO Steve Ballmer announced 10 devices operating Windows Phone 7, made by HTC, Dell, Samsung, and LG, with sales beginning on October 21, 2010 in Europe and Australia and November 8, 2010 in the United States. The devices were available on 60 carriers in 30 countries, with additional devices to be launched in 2011.[15]

Microsoft reported on December 21, 2010 that in the first 6 weeks phone manufacturers sold 1.5 million Windows Phone 7 devices to mobile operators and retailers.[16] On January 26, 2011 Microsoft stated that in the 4th quarter of 2010 it had sold more than 2 million Windows Phone 7 licenses for phones, which manufacturers had delivered to mobile operators and retailers.[17] According to NPD Group, a group specialized in films, movies, and video games,[18] Windows Phone 7 achieved a market-share of 2% among smartphones sold to consumers in the United States, 2 months after release, in the 4th quarter of 2010.[19]

Reception

In July 2010, Microsoft issued a beta version of Windows Phone 7 running on prototype reference hardware to certain media outlets for review. The handset prototype, a Samsung Taylor, will never be released to the public.[20] An Engadget preview of the software noted that despite the lack of cut and paste support and multitasking for third party applications:

"Windows Phone 7 is easily the most unique UI in the smartphone race right now, and the real perk here is that it doesn't just seem like an arbitrary decision to make things look different than other OSs -- there is real purpose and utility to a lot of what Microsoft has come up with."[20]

Gizmodo described the virtual keyboard as "a wonderful keyboard: fast, smooth, intuitive and totally natural".[21] A ZDNet reviewer praised in a preview in July 2010 the experience and fluidity of the software, saying "The current experience is amazingly stable and fluid and I am quite impressed with what they have done."[22] However, he concluded after having a hands-on with the first Windows Phone 7 smartphones on October 2010 that "I think Microsoft has done a valiant job with Windows Phone 7, but I am not yet sold on using it as my only device. There seems to be too much flipping, sliding, fold over animations, and lengthy times of loading when launch things like the Marketplace".[23] AnandTech concluded "The OS isn’t perfect but aside from the lack of apps, it’s competitive today".[24]

Partnership with Nokia

File:Nokia-windows-phone-7.jpg
Concept render of a Nokia smartphone running on Windows Phone 7

On 11 February 2011, at a press event in London, Microsoft CEO Steve Ballmer and Nokia CEO Stephen Elop announced a partnership between their companies in which Windows Phone 7 would become the primary smartphone operating system for Nokia.[25] The event was largely focused on creating “a new global mobile ecosystem”, suggesting competition with Android and iOS by saying "It is now a three horse race". Integration of Microsoft services with Nokia’s own services were announced specifically that Bing would power search across Nokia devices, and an integration of Nokia Maps with Bing Maps as well as Nokia’s application store being integrated with the Windows Phone Marketplace.[25]

Features

User interface

Windows Phone features a new user interface, based upon Microsoft's Windows Phone 7 design system, codenamed Metro.[26] The home screen, called the "Start screen", is made up of "Tiles". Tiles are links to applications, features, functions and individual items (such as contacts, web pages, applications or media items). Users can add, rearrange, or remove Tiles.[27] Tiles are dynamic and update in real time - for example, the tile for an email account would display the number of unread messages or a Tile could display a live update of the weather.[28]

Several features of Windows Phone 7 are organized into "hubs", which combine local and online content via Windows Phone 7's integration with popular social networks such as Facebook and Windows Live.[28] For example, the Pictures hub shows photos captured with the device's camera and the user's Facebook photo albums, and the People hub shows contacts aggregated from multiple sources including Windows Live, Facebook, and Gmail. From the Hub, users can directly comment and 'like' on social network updates. The other built-in hubs are Music and Video (which integrates with Zune), Games (which integrates with Xbox Live), Windows Phone Marketplace, and Microsoft Office.[28]

Windows Phone 7 uses multi-touch technology.[28] The default Windows Phone 7 user interface has a dark theme that prolongs battery life on OLED screens as fully black pixels don't emit light.[29] The user may choose a light theme instead, and can also choose from several accent colors.[30] User interface elements such as tiles are shown in the user's chosen accent color. Third-party applications can be automatically themed with these colors.[31][32]

Text input

Users input text by using an on-screen virtual keyboard, which has a dedicated key for inserting emoticons.[20] Spell checking[20] and word prediction,[33] and users may change a word after it has been typed by tapping the word,[34] which will invoke a list of similar words. Phones may also be made with a hardware keyboard for text input.[35] Pressing and holding certain keys will reveal similar characters. The keys are somewhat larger and spaced farther apart when in landscape mode.

Web browser

Internet Explorer Mobile on Windows Phone 7.

Windows Phone 7 features a version of Internet Explorer Mobile with a rendering engine that is "halfway between IE7 and IE8".[36]

Internet Explorer on Windows Phone 7 allows the user to maintain a list of favorite web pages and show a tile linking to a web page on the Start screen. The browser supports up to 6 tabs, which can all load in parallel.[37] Other features include multi-touch gestures, a streamlined UI, smooth zoom in/out animations, the ability to save pictures that are on web pages, share web pages via email, and support for inline search which allows the user to search for a word or phrase in a web page by typing it.[38] Furthermore, Adobe has announced that Flash Player 10.1 will be released for Windows Phone 7.[39] Microsoft has announced plans to regularly update the Windows Phone 7 web browser and its layout engine independently from the Windows Phone Update system.[40]

In a demo, Microsoft said that users will be able to stream YouTube videos from the browser. Clicking on a video from the mobile YouTube website will launch the video in a standalone app and will also add the YouTube video to the Music + Video Hub.[41]

A future version of Internet Explorer Mobile based on Internet Explorer 9 is also in development for the Windows Phone OS and includes better HTML, CSS and JavaScript standards support, as well as hardware acceleration.[42]

Contacts

Contacts are organized via the "People hub". Contacts can be manually entered into contacts or import from Facebook. A "What's New" section show news feed from Facebook and Windows Live updates made by your contacts. A "Me" section show the phone user's own Facebook status and wall. Contacts can be added to the home screen by pinning them to the start. The contact's "Live Tile" displays their Facebook status and profile picture on the homescreen and the contact's hub displays their Facebook wall as well as all of the rest of their contact information.

Integration of Twitter into the People Hub has been announced to be coming in a software update in the first half of 2011.[43]

E-mail

Windows Phone 7 supports Hotmail, Outlook, Yahoo! Mail, Gmail natively and supports many other services via the POP and IMAP protocols. For the native account types, contacts and calendars may be synced as well. Users can also search through their e-mail by searching in the subject, body, senders, and receivers.

Multimedia

The Music + Video Hub on Windows Phone 7.

Zune for Windows Phone 7 is an application providing entertainment and synchronization capabilities between PC and Phone.[44] Windows Phone 7 multimedia experience is divided in to two distinct hubs, Music + Videos hub and Pictures hub, both of which are similar in appearance and functionality to that of the Zune HD.

The "Music + Videos hub" plays music, videos, and podcasts, and allows users to access the Zune Marketplace to buy music or rent it with the Zune Pass subscription service, and view artist biographies and photos.[20]

The "Pictures hub" displays the user's Facebook and Windows Live photo albums alongside photos taken with the phone's camera. Users can also upload photos to social networks and comment on online photos directly from the Pictures hub.[20] Multi-touch gestures permit zooming in and out of photos.

Games

Xbox Live on Windows Phone 7 brings Console-like gaming experience to phones[citation needed] by displaying the user's avatar in a 3D fashion. Via "Games Hub", the users are able to interact with the avatar, view gamerscore and leaderboards, message Xbox Live friends, and Spotlight.[45] Multiplayer (turn-based) gaming with live multiplayer are also released.[46] Microsoft has unveiled more than 50 premium Windows Phone 7 Games titles at Gamescom that makes use of Xbox Live on mobile.[47] Furthermore, as of now, Xbox Live on Windows Phone 7 is not offering any real-time multiplayer games but the current development is signifying the chances in future .[48] Some key features of Xbox Live on Windows Phone 7 include ability to be signed in simultaneously on the console and phone, send and receive messages between Console and Phone, unique gamer points only available by purchasing the gaming title on the phone, etc.

File:WP7Bing.jpg
The Bing application on Windows Phone 7.

Microsoft's hardware requirements stipulate that every Windows Phone must have a dedicated Search button on the front of the device that performs different actions.[28] Pressing the search button while an application is open will allow users to search within applications that take advantage of this feature; for example, pressing Search in the People hub will let the users search their contact list for specific people.[49]

In other cases, pressing the Search button will allow the user to perform a search of web sites, news, and map locations using the Bing application.[50]

Windows Phone 7 also has a voice recognition function, powered by TellMe, which allows the user to perform a Bing search, call contacts or launch applications by speaking. This can be activated by pressing and holding the phone's Start button.

Bing is the default search engine on Windows Phone 7 handsets due to the deep integration of functions into the OS (which also include the utilization of its map service for location-based searches and queries). However, Microsoft has stated that other search engine applications can be used.[50][51][51]

Office suite

File:Microsoft Office Mobile 2010 hub.png
Microsoft Office Mobile on Windows Phone 7

The "Office hub" organized all Microsoft Office programs and documents. Microsoft Office Mobile provide operability between Windows Phone 7 and the desktop version of Microsoft Office. Word Mobile, Excel Mobile, PowerPoint Mobile, OneNote Mobile, and SharePoint Workspace Mobile allow Microsoft Office file format to be viewed and edited.

At Mobile World Congress 2011, Microsoft announced that they would support Office documents in the cloud on Windows Phone 7 after an update in the second half of 2011.[43]

Sync

Zune Software manage the contents on Windows Phone 7 devices and Windows Phone 7 can wirelessly sync with Zune Software. In addition to accessing on the Windows Phone 7 devices, Zune software can also access the Zune Marketplace to purchase music, videos, and all apps for Windows Phone 7. While music and videos are both stored locally on the PC and on the phone, apps are only stored on the phone even if purchased from the Zune Software. Zune Software can also be use to update all Windows Phone 7 devices. Although Zune Software is unavailable on Mac OS X operating system, Microsoft has released Windows Phone 7 Connector which allow Windows Phone 7 devices to sync with iTunes for Mac and iPhoto.[52][53][54]

Software updates

A test notification of an "update available" pop-up in the Windows Phone 7 emulator.

According to Microsoft documentation, software updates will be delivered to Windows Phone users via Microsoft Update, as is the case with other Windows operating systems.[55] Microsoft has the intention to directly update any phone running Windows Phone 7 instead of relying on OEMs or wireless carriers.[56] The software component, called Windows Phone Update, exists both on the phone (for smaller updates, over-the-air) and in the Zune PC software (for larger updates, via USB connection). Users will be notified to attach their phones to a PC if such an update is required.[57] Microsoft has said that in the future, all updates, both large and small will eventually support over-the-air downloads.[58] Charlie Kindel, Program Manager for the developer experience of Windows Phone, confirmed that the update infrastructure system for Windows Phone 7 was available and that Microsoft is "in a position where we have the systems in place to effectively and reliably deliver updates to (Windows Phone 7) users".[59]

Microsoft plans to regularly ship minor updates that add features, such as copy and paste, throughout the year, and major updates once a year.[60]

All third-party applications can be updated automatically from the Windows Phone Marketplace.[61]

On February 4, 2011, Microsoft announced that the Windows Phone Developer Tools would be updated to support the forthcoming features to be added through the first Windows Phone 7 OS update. While announcing the updated developer tools, Microsoft told developers that most of their applications would not be required to be recompiled or resubmitted due to the upcoming update. These features include “copy and paste, improved app performance and other enhancements.”[62] The application improvements are expected to be primarily focused on decreasing app load times.[63] Microsoft did not set a date for the update, saying only that it is expected “in the next few months.”[64] Microsoft released a small infrastructure update on Feb. 21 intended to help future updates, but in certain cases, failed to install on Samsung handsets.[65][66][67] Microsoft has since withdrawn the update for Samsung phones.[68] The update has failed for 10% of Windows Phone 7 users. Microsoft has stated that just over half of the failures were caused by the user having a bad internet connection or not enough free hard drive space to backup the phone data.[69]

Advertising platform

Microsoft has also launched an advertising platform exclusively for the Windows Phone 7 platform. Microsoft's General Manager for Strategy and Business Development, Kostas Mallios, said that Windows Phone 7 will be an "ad-serving machine", pushing advertising and brand-related content to the user. The platform will feature advertising tiles near applications and toast notifications, which will bring updating advertising notifications. Mallios said that Windows Phone 7 will be able to "preserve the brand experience by going directly from the web site right to the application", and that Windows Phone 7 "enables advertisers to connect with consumers over time".[70] Mallios continued: "you're now able to push information as an advertiser, and stay in touch with your customer. It's a dynamic relationship that is created and provides for an ongoing dialog with the consumer."[71]

Features removed from Windows Mobile

Windows Phone 7 lacks some features that were found in earlier versions of Windows Mobile. Features that Microsoft claims will arrive in the near-future include cut, copy, and paste,[72] full multitasking for 3rd party apps,[73] and Adobe Flash.[74] Windows Phone 7 supports upgradable storage via an SD Card; however SD card memory is merged with the phone's internal storage, and changing the SD card causes the phone to reset to factory settings.[75][76] Windows Phone 7 does not support connecting to Wi-Fi (wireless) access points which are hidden[77] or have a static IP address,[78] tethering to a computer[79] (although it can be done via a hack on the Samsung Focus[80]), videocalling,[81] VoIP calling,[82] USB mass-storage,[83] universal email inbox,[83] universal search,[83] a system-wide file manager,[81] Bluetooth file transfers,[81] USSD messages,[84] or custom ringtones.[85]

Windows Phone 7 devices only support syncing with Exchange ActiveSync[86] over the network. There is no support for syncing with Exchange ActiveSync using a cable or cradle.

In the enterprise, Windows Phone 7 does not support Office documents with security permissions,[87] IPsec security,[88] on-device encryption,[89] strong passwords,[78] or internet sockets.[82] While the older Windows Mobile phones supported the full range of Microsoft Exchange Server policies, Windows Phone 7 only supports a small subset of Exchange features.[90] The Calendar app no longer has a 'Weekly' view.[78] The list of past phone calls is now a single list, and cannot be separated into inbound, outbound or missed calls.[78]

Announced Features and Update History

Microsoft has announced that roadmaps for future updates to the Windows Phone platform. The first update which was released on March 22, 2011 includes cut, copy, and paste, a significant performance enhancement to applications loading and resuming time [91], improve Marketplace search [92], and CDMA support.

Microsoft has also stated that it is working with Adobe to bring Adobe Flash to Windows Phone.[93]

At Mobile World Congress 2011, Microsoft has further expanded its plan for Windows Phone 7. Internet Explorer Mobile will be upgrade to be on par with the desktop Internet Explorer 9 and will support full hardware acceleration and HTML5.[94] Twitter updates will be integrated into the People hub in addition to status updates from Facebook and Windows Live.[95] Mult-tasking for third-party apps will be handle by a card-based task switcher.[96] Windows Phone will closely integrate with Skydrive allowing synchronization of documents.[97]

Marketplace

File:Windows Phone Marketplace.png
Windows Phone Marketplace on Samsung Focus

The Windows Phone Marketplace is used to digitally distribute music, video content, podcasts, and third party applications to Windows Phone handsets. The marketplace is accessible using the Zune Software client or the marketplace hub on devices (though videos and podcasts are not downloadable through the marketplace hub and must be downloaded and synced through the Zune software).[98] The marketplace is managed by Microsoft, which includes an approval process.

Music and videos

Zune Marketplace offers 10 million songs up to 320 kbit/s in DRM-free MP3 format from the big four music groups (EMI, Warner Music Group, Sony BMG and Universal Music Group), as well as smaller music labels. It offer movies from Paramount, Universal, Warner Brothers, and other studios and also offer television shows from popular television networks.

Microsoft also offer Zune Pass music subscription service which allows subscribers to download an unlimited number of songs for as long as their subscription is active.

Third party applications and games

Development

Applications and games for Windows Phone 7 must be based on XNA or Silverlight 4 only.[99] Microsoft offers Visual Studio 2010 Express and Expression Blend for Windows Phone (phone development versions of larger applications) for free.[100] On November 29, 2009, Microsoft announced the Release to web (RTW) version of its Visual Basic Developer Tool, to allow development in Visual Basic.[100]

Submission

Registered Windows Phone 7 and Xbox Live developers can submit and manage their third party applications for the platforms though the App Hub web applications.[101] The App Hub provides development tools and support for third-party application developers. The submitted applications undergo an approval process for verifications and validations to check if they qualify the applications standardization criteria set by Microsoft.[102] The cost of the applications that are approved is up to the developer, but Microsoft will take 30% of the revenue (the other 70% goes to the developer).[103] Microsoft will only pay developers once they reach a set sales figure, and will withhold 30% tax from non-US developers, unless they first register with the United States Government's Internal Revenue Service. Microsoft only pays developers from a list of thirty countries.[104] A yearly fee is also payable for developers wishing to submit apps.[105]

Announced APIs

Microsoft has said that several Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) are coming to the platform to give developers access to more of the phone’s hardware. For instance, all Windows Phone 7 handsets are required to have an electronic compass, but because the API is not yet released, third party developers will not be able to develop applications that use it. Microsoft has confirmed that this API will be released in the future.[106] Similarly, the networking API currently does not give access to sockets, which means third party developers cannot make Voice over IP applications. Microsoft has also confirmed that this access will be added.[107]

Distribution and content restrictions

In order to get an application to appear in the Windows Phone Marketplace, the application must be submitted to Microsoft for approval.[104] Microsoft has outlined the content that it will not allow in the applications, which includes content it deem “sexually suggestive”. This includes content depicting nudity (nipples, genitals, buttocks, pubic hair), prostitution, and sexual fetishes.[108]

Criticism

Some of the major criticisms against Windows Phone 7 are:[109]

  • The system tray with all the essential information, time, the reception quality is hidden. The system tray has to be launched every time it is needed. It does not display the missed events. WP7 is the first OS that does not have a system tray – an essential interface element.
  • Users cannot assign their own tune as the ringtone.
  • There is no multitasking – practically every application has to be restarted every time you go to the home screen.
  • There is no text alignment to the width of the screen – neither in the browser, nor Word, nor the mail client. If you zoom in – you have to scroll through the text both horizontally and vertically.
  • Users cannot see the call time in the call log.
  • In the music and video players there is no playback slider – making it impossible to jump to a particular part or time of the track or video.
  • In the phone dial screen, the needed contact cannot be found in just a few clicks (no SmartDial) as can be done in Android phones.
  • Users cannot type in a new URL, refresh the page or stop loading in the landscape mode of the browser (there is no address bar in this orientation).

Hardware

Samsung Omnia 7 running Windows Phone 7

Minimum requirements

Microsoft has said that it is issuing "tough, but fair" hardware requirements to manufacturers.[110] All Windows Phone 7 devices, at minimum, must include the following:[111][112]

Minimum Windows Phone 7 device requirements
Capacitive, 4-point multi-touch screen with WVGA (480x800) resolution
1 GHz ARM v7 "Cortex/Scorpion" or better processor
DirectX9 rendering-capable GPU
256 MB of RAM with at least 8 GB of Flash memory
Accelerometer with compass, ambient light sensor, proximity sensor and Assisted GPS
5-megapixel camera with an LED flash
FM radio tuner
6 dedicated hardware buttons - back, Start, search, 2-stage camera, power/sleep and Volume Up and Down.[113]

See also

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