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QRICH1

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QRICH1, also known as Glutamine-rich protein 1, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the QRICH1 gene.[1] One notable feature of this protein is that it contains a Caspase Activation Recruitment Domain, also known as a CARD domain.[2] As a result of having this domain, QRICH1 is believed to be involved in apoptotic, inflammatory, and host-immune response pathways.[3]

Accession Numbers Location Identifiers M.W. pI
NM_017730.2, NP_060200.2 3p21.31 FLJ20259, MFC131838[1] 86.4 kDa 5.59

Gene

The QRICH1 gene is 64363 base pairs long, encoding an mRNA transcript that is 3331 bp in length. QRICH1 is located on chromosome 3p21.31 and contains 11 exons.[4]

The gene neighborhood of QRICH1 constructed by NCBI Gene.[5]

Function

The exact function of QRICH1 is not well understood by the scientific community. It is, however, thought to be involved in processes such as inflammation and apoptosis due to the presence of a CARD domain near the beginning of the protein sequence.[3] This protein is predicted to localize to the nucleus and is known to interact with the ATXN1 and ATF7IP proteins shown in the image below.[6]

Protein

The glutamine-rich protein 1 is 776 amino acids in length. Glutamine residues are abundant, comprising 109 of the amino acids or 14% of the protein.[7] The protein contains three distinct domains. The first, a CARD domain, is a member of the death fold superfamily and is involved in apoptosis signaling pathways, immune signaling, inflammation, and host-defense mechanisms. [2] The second domain is a glutamine-rich domain which comprises a majority of the protein and is highly conserved among orthologs.[2] The final domain is a Domain of Unknown Function (DUF3504) found near the end of the protein sequence.[2]

Predicted Features

Properties of QRICH1 that were predicted using Bioinformatics tools:

  • Molecular Weight: 86.5 KDa[7]
  • Isoelectric Point: 5.59[8]
  • Post-translational modification: Multiple phosphorylation sites are predicted. PhosphoSitePlus predicted three phosphorylated serines at amino acids 343, 345, and 659.[9] The NetPhos program on ExPASy predicted 45 phosphorylation sites on multiple serine, threonine, and tyrosine residues.[10] There is one predicted sulfinated tyrosine at amino acid 725.[11]
  • No predicted Signal Peptide or signal peptide cleavage.[12]
  • Interacting Proteins: ATXN1, Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 protein, and ATF7IP, activating transcription factor 7-interacting protein 1.[13] ATXN1 is involved in binding RNA in vitro and may be involved in RNA metabolism.[14] ATF7IP is a recruiter protein that couples transcriptional factors to the general transcription apparatus, thereby modulating transcription regulation and chromatin formation.[15]

Expression

QRICH1 is expressed at a high level, 3.3 times the average gene.[16] It is expressed ubiquitously throughout the human body, although EST Profile data reveal that QRICH1 is expressed particularly high in tissues such as the thymus, testis, cerebellar cortex and other areas of the brain, trachea, and in embryonic tissue. Health states such as germ cell tumors, leukemia, lymphoma, and chondrosarcoma have also reported high QRICH1 expression.

Homology

Orthologs

QRICH1 is highly conserved among mammalian orthologs, along with other chordates such as fish, birds, and amphibians. The gene has some conservation among insects, but there were no orthologs found in plants, fungi, or yeast.[17]

Genus/Species Organism Common Name Accession Number Sequence Identity Sequence Similarity Length (AAs)
Pan troglodytes Chimpanzee XP_001161499.1 99% 99% 766
Macaca mulatta Rhesus Macaque XP_001110386.2 99% 99% 659
Pongo abelii Orangutan XP_002813809.1 99% 99% 777
Mus musculus House Mouse NP_780352.2 99% 99% 777
Rattus norvegicus Norway rat NP_001128004.1 99% 99% 687
Bos taurus Cattle NP_001091484.1 99% 99% 779
Gallus gallus Chicken XP_001233527.1 94% 96% 773
Taeniopygia guttata Zebra finch XP_002187824.1 93% 97% 772
Xenopus laevis African clawed frog NP_001083416.1 79% 85% 755
Danio rerio Zebra fish NP_001020633.1 63% 73% 717
Apis mellifera Bee XP_624959.2 47% 64% 1356
Camponotus floridanus Carpenter ant EFN71787.1 45% 63% 1724

Paralogs

QRICH1 has five paralogs all of which encode a zinc finger protein.[18]


References

  1. ^ a b "Entrez Gene: QRICH1 glutamine-rich 1". Retrieved 22-April-2011. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  2. ^ a b c d "UniprotKB". Retrieved 3-March-2011. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  3. ^ a b "The Pawson Lab: CARD Domain". Retrieved 28-April-2011. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  4. ^ "GenBank: Homo Sapiens glutamine-rich 1 (QRICH1), transcript variant 1, mRNA". Retrieved 29-January-2011. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  5. ^ "NCBI Gene: 54870". Retrieved 2-February-2011. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  6. ^ db.org/newstring_cgi/show_network_section.pl "Predicted Functional Partners". Retrieved 22-April-2011. {{cite web}}: Check |url= value (help); Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  7. ^ a b "SAPS: Biology Workbench". Retrieved 19-April-2011. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) Cite error: The named reference "SAPS" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  8. ^ "Computer pI/Mw". Retrieved 11-April-2011. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  9. ^ "PhosphoSitePlus". Retrieved 13-April-2011. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  10. ^ "NetPhos". Retrieved 13-April-2011. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  11. ^ "Sulfinator". Retrieved 11-April-2011. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  12. ^ Bendtsen JD, Nielsen H, von Heijne G, Brunak S (2004). "Improved prediction of signal peptides: SignalP 3.0". Journal of Molecular Biology. 340 (4): 783–95. doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2004.05.028. PMID 15223320. {{cite journal}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  13. ^ "STRING8.3". Retrieved 22-April-2011. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  14. ^ "Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1". Retrieved 22-April-2011. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  15. ^ "Activating Transcription Factor 7 Interacting Protein". Retrieved 23-April-2011. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  16. ^ "AceView: Homo sapiens complex locus QRICH1, encoding glutamine-rich 1". Retrieved 16-February-2011. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  17. ^ "BLAST". Retrieved 16-February-2011. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  18. ^ "GeneCards". Retrieved 18-April-2011. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.

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