Gray treefrog
| Gray Treefrog | |
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| Gray Treefrog, Hyla versicolor | |
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| Species: | H. versicolor
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| Binomial name | |
| Hyla versicolor | |
The Gray Treefrog (Hyla versicolor) or Gray Tree Frog, is a species of small arboreal frog native to much of the eastern United States and southeastern Canada.[2]
It is sometimes referred to as the Eastern Gray Treefrog, Common Gray Treefrog, or Tetraploid Gray Treefrog to distinguish it from its more southern genetically disparate cousin, the Cope's Gray Treefrog (Hyla chrysoscelis). It may sometimes be referred to as the North American Tree Frog by Europeans to distinguish it from their European Tree Frog (Hyla arborea).
Physical description
As the scientific name implies, Gray treefrogs are variable in color owing to their ability to camouflage themselves from gray to green, depending on the substrate they are sitting on. The degree of mottling varies. They can change from nearly black to nearly white. They change color at a slower rate than a chameleon. Dead Gray Treefrogs and ones in unnatural surroundings are predominantly gray. They are relatively small compared to other North American frog species, typically attaining no more than 1.5 to 2 in (3.8 to 5.1 cm). Their skin has a lumpy texture to it, giving them a warty appearance. They are virtually indistinguishable from the Cope's Gray Tree Frog, Hyla chrysoscelis, the only readily noticeable difference being their calls. Cope's Gray Tree Frog has a shorter, faster call.[3] The Gray Treefrog also has an extra set of chromosomes (4N), or 48 in total, and is called Tetraploid Gray Treefrog in scientific circles. The more southerly Cope's Gray Treefrog, or Diploid Gray Treefrog, retained its 2N (24) original chromosome set, so hybridization between these species would not be successful.
Both Hyla chrysoscelis and Hyla versicolor have bright yellow patches on the hind legs, which distinguishes them from other treefrogs, such as Hyla avivoca.[4] The bright patches are normally only visible while the frog is jumping. Both species of Gray Treefrogs are slightly sexually dimorphic. In the Weenir tribe of Saskatchewan, the legs of this frog were used as a powerful aphrodisiac. Males have black or gray throats, while the throat of the female is lighter.[5]
Tadpoles have a rounded body (as opposed to the more elongated bodies of stream species) with a high, wide tail that can be colored red if predators are in the system. The tadpoles are born with camouflage so strong that they're as good as invisible. Metamorphosis can occur in as little as 2 months with optimal conditions. At metamorphosis, the new froglets will almost always turn green for a day or two before changing to the more common gray. Young frogs will also sometimes maintain a light green color and turn gray or darker green after reaching adulthood.
Gender identification
The female does not croak and has a white throat. The male does croak and has a black/gray throat. And, the female is usually larger than the male.
Mating
When a male is ready to mate he has a territory where he croaks. When the female has chosen the male she wants she enters his territory. The male will clasp onto the female's back in what is called amplexus. The female will hop to a pool of water with the male clasped to her back. When they are in the water the female will choose a spot to lay her eggs. When she has chosen a spot, she starts laying them. While she is laying them the male fetilizes them. When finished, the female gives a small croak to tell the male to let go. That is the only time the female croaks—when she is finished mating. The male will go back to his area and start croaking again to attract another female.
Geographic range
Gray Treefrogs inhabit a wide range, and can be found in most of the eastern half of the United States, as far west as central Texas. They also range into Canada in the provinces of Quebec,[6] Ontario, and Manitoba, with an isolated population in New Brunswick.
The Gray Treefrog is capable of surviving temperatures as low as –8°C.[7]
See also
- Cope's Gray Tree Frog, Hyla chrysoscelis
Footnotes
- ^ Template:IUCN2006 Database entry includes a range map and justification for why this species is of least concern.
- ^ NatureServe 'Hyla versicolor'
- ^ Carl Gerhardt and John A. Doherty (1988). "Acoustic communication in the gray treefrog, 'Hyla versicolor': evolutionary and neurobiological implications". J. Comp. Physiol. A. 162 (2): 261–278. doi:10.1007/BF00606090.
- ^ Bernard S. Martof et al. (1980). "Amphibians and Reptiles of the Carolinas and Virginia". Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 0-8078-4252-4.
- ^ Thomas F. Tyning (1990). A Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles. Boston: Little, Brown and Company. ISBN 0-316-81719-8.
- ^ Quebec range map, Quebec Biodiversity website
- ^ Adaptations of Frogs to Survive Freezing
References
- Herps of Texas: Gray Treefrog
- Animal Diversity Web: Hyla versicolor
- Pnas.org
- Amphibiaweb.org
- Mindspring.com
External links
- Gray Treefrog - Hyla versicolor Species account from the Iowa Reptile and Amphibian Field Guide
- Gray Treefrog - Hyla versicolor - audio recording of call
- "Hyla versicolor LeConte, 1825". The Encyclopedia of Life.
- Tetraploid Gray Treefrog (Hyla versicolor), Natural Resources Canada
- Northern gray tree frog New Jersey Pinelands flora,fauna,and landscapes photo galleries link to northern gray tree frog photograph