Open-mid front unrounded vowel
| Open-mid front unrounded vowel | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| ɛ | |||
| IPA number | 303 | ||
| Encoding | |||
| Entity (decimal) | ɛ | ||
| Unicode (hex) | U+025B | ||
| X-SAMPA | E | ||
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Legend: unrounded • rounded |
The open-mid front unrounded vowel, or low-mid front unrounded vowel, is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is Latin epsilon ‹ɛ›.
The IPA prefers terms "close" and "open" for vowels, and the name of the article follows this. However, a large number of linguists, perhaps a majority, prefer the terms "high" and "low", and these are the only terms found in introductory textbooks on phonetics such as those by Peter Ladefoged.
Features
- Its vowel height is open-mid, also known as low-mid, which means the tongue is positioned halfway between an open vowel (a low vowel) and a mid vowel.
- Its vowel backness is front, which means the tongue is positioned forward in the mouth without creating a constriction that would be classified as a consonant.
- It is unrounded, which means that the lips are not rounded.
Occurrence
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Albanian | [[[Albanian alphabet|tre]]] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | [tɾɛ] | 'three' | ||
| Catalan[1] | [[[Catalan orthography|mel]]] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | [ˈmɛɫ] | 'honey' | See Catalan phonology | |
| Chinese | Cantonese | [[[Chinese Character|蛇]]] Error: {{Lang}}: unrecognized language tag: zh-yue-Hani (help)/[[[Jyutping|se4]]] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | [sɛː˩] | 'snake' | See Cantonese phonology |
| Mandarin | [[[Chinese Character|斜]]] Error: {{Lang}}: unrecognized language tag: zh-cmn-Hani (help)/[[[Pinyin|xié]]] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | [ɕjɛ˧˥] | 'tilted' | See Mandarin phonology | |
| Wu | [[[Chinese Characters|颜]]] Error: {{Lang}}: unrecognized language tag: zh-wuu-Hani (help)/ [[[Latin alphabet|ngae]]] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | [ŋɛ˥˨] | 'face' | ||
| Czech | [[[Czech orthography|Amerika]]] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | [amɛrɪka] | 'America' | See Czech phonology | |
| Dutch | [[[Dutch orthography|bed]]] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | [bɛt] | 'bed' | See Dutch phonology | |
| English | GA | [[[English orthography|bed]]] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | [bɛd] | 'bed' | See English phonology |
| New Zealand | fat | [fɛt] | 'fat' | ||
| Faroese | [[[Latin alphabet|elska]]] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | [ɛlska] | 'love' | ||
| French[2] | [[[French orthography|bête]]] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | [bɛt] | 'animal' | See French phonology | |
| Galician | [[[Latin alphabet|pé]]] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | [pɛ] | 'foot' | ||
| Georgian[3] | გედი | [ɡɛdi] | 'swan' | ||
| German | [[[German orthography|Bett]]] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | [bɛt] | 'bed' | See German phonology | |
| Hindi | शहर | [ʃɛɦɛr] | 'no' | See Hindi-Urdu phonology | |
| Hungarian | [[[Hungarian orthography|nem]]] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | [nɛm] | 'no' | See Hungarian phonology | |
| Icelandic | [[[Icelandic alphabet|ég]]] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | [jɛɣ] | 'I' | See Icelandic phonology | |
| Italian[4] | [[[Italian alphabet|bene]]] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | [ˈbɛːne] | 'good' | See Italian phonology | |
| Kabardian | Iэ | [ʔɛ] | 'to tell' | ||
| Korean | [[[Hangul|태양]]] Error: {{Lang}}: unrecognized script: kang for code: ko (help) | [tʰɛ.jaŋ] | 'Sun' | See Korean phonology | |
| Lithuanian | [[[Lithuanian alphabet|mane]]] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | [mɐˈnɛ] | 'me' (acc.) | ||
| Ngwe | Njoagwi dialect | [lɛ̀rɛ́] | 'eye' | ||
| North Frisian | [[[Latin alphabet|tech]]] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | [tɛx] | 'closed' | ||
| Norwegian | [[[Norwegian alphabet|nett]]] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | [nɛt] | 'net' | See Norwegian phonology | |
| Polish[5] | [[[Polish orthography|ten]]] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | 'this one' | See Polish phonology | ||
| Portuguese[6] | [[[Portuguese orthography|café]]] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | [kɐˈfɛ] | 'coffee' | See Portuguese phonology | |
| Russian[7] | это | [ˈɛtə] | 'this' | See Russian phonology | |
| Scottish Gaelic | [[[Scottish Gaelic alphabet|aig]]] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | [ɛk] | 'at' | See Scottish Gaelic phonology | |
| Serbo-Croatian | [[[Gaj's Latin alphabet|mleko]]/млеко] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | [mlɛːko] | 'milk' | See Serbo-Croatian phonology | |
| Seri | [[[Seri alphabet|me]]] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | [mɛ] | 'you' | ||
| Slovak | [[[Slovak alphabet|pes]]] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | [pɛs] | 'dog' | ||
| Swedish | [[[Swedish alphabet|ät]]] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | [ɛːt] | 'eat' (imp.) | See Swedish phonology | |
| Ukrainian | береза | [bɛˈrɛzɑ] | 'birch' | See Ukrainian phonology | |
| Vietnamese | [[[Vietnamese alphabet|e]]] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | [ɛ] | 'to fear' | See Vietnamese phonology | |
| West Frisian | [[[Latin alphabet|têd]]] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | [tɛːt] | 'languid' | ||
| Yoruba | ẹsẹ̀ | [ɛ̄sɛ] | 'leg' | ||
See also
References
- ^ Carbonell & Llisterri (1992:54)
- ^ Fougeron & Smith (1993:73)
- ^ Shosted & Chikovani (2006:261–262)
- ^ Rogers & d'Arcangeli (2004:119)
- ^ Jassem (2003:105)
- ^ Cruz-Ferreira (1995:91)
- ^ Jones & Ward (1969:41)
Bibliography
- Carbonell, Joan F.; Llisterri, Joaquim (1992), "Catalan", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 22 (1–2): 53–56
- Cruz-Ferreira, Madalena (1995), "European Portuguese", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 25 (2): 90–94
- Fougeron, Cecile; Smith, Caroline L (1993), "Illustrations of the IPA:French", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 23 (2): 73–76
- Jones, Daniel; Dennis, Ward (1969), The Phonetics of Russian, Cambridge University Press
- Jassem, Wiktor (2003), "Polish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 33 (1): 103–107
- Rogers, Derek; d'Arcangeli, Luciana (2004), "Italian", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 34 (1): 117–121
- Shosted, Ryan K.; Vakhtang, Chikovani (2006), "Standard Georgian", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 36 (2): 255–264