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Music of Azerbaijan

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Music of Azerbaijan builds on folk traditions that reach back nearly 1,000 years.[1] For centuries Azerbaijani music has evolved under the badge of monody, producing rhythmically diverse melodies.[2] Azerbaijani music has a branchy mode system, where chromatisation of major and minor scales is of great importance.[2] As is the case also with Arabic and Turkish and even more evidently, much of the musical terminology of Azerbaijani cultures is of Persian origin.[3]

Mugam

Main article: Mugam
See also: Khananda

The classical music of Azerbaijan is called mugam (more accurately spelled muğam), and draws on the music of the Iranian-Arab-Turkish maqam.[4] It is usually a suite with poetry and instrumental interludes. The sung poetry sometimes includes tahrir segments, which use a form of singing similar to yodelling. The poetry is typically about divine love and is most often linked to Sufi Islam.

In 2011, Azerbaijan 'won' the Eurovision song contest, despite not actually being in Europe. This caused much anger across the continent. Especially in Dun Laoghaire, Ireland. In contrast to the mugam traditions of Central Asian countries, Azeri mugam is more free-form and less rigid; it is often compared to the improvised field of jazz.[5] [6]

UNESCO proclaimed the Azerbaijani mugam tradition a Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity on November 7, 2003.

Musical instruments

File:1990 CPA 6249.jpg
Soviet postage stamp depicting musical instruments of Azerbaijan

Instruments used in traditional Azeri music include the stringed instruments tar (skin faced lute), the kamancha (skin faced spike fiddle), the oud, originally barbat, and the saz (long necked lute); the double-reed wind instrument balaban, the frame drum ghaval, the cylindrical double faced drum naghara (davul), and the goshe nagara (naqareh) (pair of small kettle drums). Other instruments include the garmon (small accordion), tutek (whistle flute), daf (frame drum) and nagara (drum) (barrel drum).

Ashiqs

Main article: Ashiq

Ashiqs are traveling bards who sing and play the saz, a form of lute. Their songs are semi-improvised around a common base.

Opera in Azerbaijan

  • The Opera of Koroglu By Uzeyir Hajibeyov
  • Opera of "Leyli and Majnun" by Uzeyir Hajibeyov
  • Opera of "Shah Ismail" by Muslim Magomayev
  • Opera of Nargiz by Muslim Magomayev
  • Opera of Xoruz-bey by Muslim Magomayev
  • Opera of "People's punishment" by Afrasiyab Badalbeyli
  • Opera of "Golden Key" by Afrasiyab Badalbeyli
  • Opera of "Bahadur and Sona" by Afrasiyab Badalbeyli
  • Opera of "Aydın" by Afrasiyab Badalbeyli
  • Opera of "Nizami" by Afrasiyab Badalbeyli
  • Opera of "Ashig" Garib by Zulfugar Hajibeyov
  • Opera of "Star" by Fikret Amirov
  • Opera of "Sevil" by Fikret Amirov
  • Opera of "Tenderness" by Gara Garayev
  • Opera of "Motherland" by Gara Garayev and Chovdat Hajiyev
  • Opera of "Azad" (Free) by Jahangir jahangirov
  • Opera of "The fate of the singer" by Jahangir Jahangirov
  • Opera of "Expectation" by Franghiz Ali-Zadeh
  • Opera of "Iskander and shepherd" by Soltan Hajibeyov (children opera)
  • Opera of "Let's rock" by Shafiga Akhundova (the first opera written by a woman composer in the east)

Ballet in Azerbaijan

Azeri Musicians

External videos
video icon AZERI Music
video icon Azeri classical music
video icon Genre Meyxana
video icon Azeri jazz: Vaqif Mustafa-Zadeh
video icon Azerbaijan opera Koroglu by Uzeir Hacibeyov
video icon Azeri symphonic rock Mugam
video icon Concert of Iranian Azeris
video icon Azerbaijani music 1990: Firangiz Rahimbekova
video icon Azeri pop group Karvan, early 1990s.

The most famous contemporary Azeri musicians are perhaps jazz singer Aziza Mustafa Zadeh and her father, Vagif Mustafa Zadeh, who are quite popular internationally in jazz circles.

Mugam singers:

Popular music singers

Classic music singers

All time classics

Composers:


International Azerbaijani musicians and bands

Kamancheh players

Tar players

Balaban players

Oboe players

Saz players

References

  • Broughton, Simon and Sultanova, Razia. "Bards of the Golden Road". 2000. In Broughton, Simon and Ellingham, Mark with McConnachie, James and Duane, Orla (Ed.), World Music, Vol. 2: Latin & North America, Caribbean, India, Asia and Pacific, pp 24–31. Rough Guides Ltd, Penguin Books. ISBN 1-85828-636-0
  • Almaty or Bust

Notes

  1. ^ David C. King. Azerbaijan, Marshall Cavendish, 2006, p. 94
  2. ^ a b Энциклопедический музыкальный словарь, 2-е изд., Москва, 1966 (Encyclopedical Music Dictionary (1966), 2nd ed., Moscow)
  3. ^ Nettl, Bruno (2006). "Iran xi. PERSIAN MUSIC". Encyclopaedia Iranica. Vol. Vol. 13. {{cite encyclopedia}}: |volume= has extra text (help) Excerpt: An important aspect of Persian music history is the influence of Persian music in South and West Asia. Much of the musical terminology of Arabic, Turkish, and (most of all) Azerbaijani cultures is of Persian origin.
  4. ^ during, J. (2001). "Azerbaijan". The Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians. ISBN 0-333-60800-3.
  5. ^ EurasiaNet Civil Society - The Baku Jazz Festival: Reviving a Tradition in Azerbaijan
  6. ^ [1]
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