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Proenkephalin

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Proenkephalin
Identifiers
SymbolPENK
CAS number90880-95-8

Proenkephalin (PENK), formerly known as proenkephalin A (since proenkephalin B was renamed prodynorphin), is an endogenous opioid polypeptide hormone which, via proteolyic cleavage, produces the enkephalin peptides [Met]enkephalin, and to a lesser extent, [Leu]enkephalin.[1] Upon cleavage, each proenkephalin peptide results in the generation of four copies of [Met]enkephalin, two extended copies of [Met]enkephalin, and one copy of [Leu]enkephalin.[1] Contrarily, [Leu]enkephalin] is predominantly synthesized from prodynorphin, which produces three copies of it per cleavage, and no copies of [Met]enkephalin. Other endogenous peptides produced by proenkephalin include adrenorphin,[2] amidorphin,[3] BAM-18,[4] BAM-20P,[5] BAM-22P,[5] peptide B,[6] peptide E,[7], and peptide F.[8]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Donald W. Pfaff (2002). Hormones, brain, and behavior. Elsevier. p. 173. ISBN 978-0-12-532109-9. Retrieved 25 November 2011.
  2. ^ Matsuo H, Miyata A, Mizuno K (1983). "Novel C-terminally amidated opioid peptide in human phaeochromocytoma tumour". Nature. 305 (5936): 721–3. PMID 6633641.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  3. ^ Seizinger BR, Liebisch DC, Gramsch C; et al. (1985). "Isolation and structure of a novel C-terminally amidated opioid peptide, amidorphin, from bovine adrenal medulla". Nature. 313 (5997): 57–9. PMID 3965972. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  4. ^ Hurlbut DE, Evans CJ, Barchas JD, Leslie FM (1987). "Pharmacological properties of a proenkephalin A-derived opioid peptide: BAM 18". European Journal of Pharmacology. 138 (3): 359–66. PMID 3040439. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  5. ^ a b Mizuno K, Minamino N, Kangawa K, Matsuo H (1980). "A new family of endogenous "big" Met-enkephalins from bovine adrenal medulla: purification and structure of docosa- (BAM-22P) and eicosapeptide (BAM-20P) with very potent opiate activity". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 97 (4): 1283–90. PMID 7213356. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  6. ^ Micanovic R, Kruggel W, Ray P, Lewis RV (1984). "Purification and sequence of a non-opioid peptide derived from ovine proenkephalin: implications for possible species specific processing". Peptides. 5 (5): 853–6. PMID 6504720.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  7. ^ Boarder MR, Evans C, Adams M, Erdelyi E, Barchas JD (1987). "Peptide E and its products, BAM 18 and Leu-enkephalin, in bovine adrenal medulla and cultured chromaffin cells: release in response to stimulation". Journal of Neurochemistry. 49 (6): 1824–32. PMID 3681299. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  8. ^ Jones BN, Stern AS, Lewis RV; et al. (1980). "Structure of two adrenal polypeptides containing multiple enkephalin sequences". Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics. 204 (1): 392–5. PMID 7425644. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)


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