Diminished third
| Inverse | augmented sixth |
|---|---|
| Name | |
| Other names | - |
| Abbreviation | d3[1] |
| Size | |
| Semitones | 2 |
| Interval class | 2 |
| Just interval | 144:125[2], 256:225[3], 8:7 |
| Cents | |
| 12-Tone equal temperament | 200 |
| 24-Tone equal temperament | 200 |
| Just intonation | 245, 223, 231 |
In classical music from Western culture, a diminished third () is the musical interval produced by narrowing a minor third by a chromatic semitone[1][4]. For instance, the interval from A to C is a minor third, three semitones wide, and both the intervals from A♯ to C, and from A to C♭ are diminished thirds, two semitones wide. Being diminished, it is considered a dissonant interval[5].
In equal temperament a diminished third is enharmonic with the major second, both having a value of 200 cents. However in meantone tunings with fifths flatter than the 700 cents of equal temperament, the diminished third is wider than the major second. In 19 equal temperament it is in fact enharmonically equivalent to an augmented second, both having a value of 262.6 cents. In 31 equal temperament it has a more typical value of 232.3 cents. In a twelve-note keyboard tuned in a meantone tuning from E♭ to G♯, the dimininished third appears between C♯ and E♭, and again between G♯ and B♭.
In septimal meantone temperament the diminished third is considered to approximate the interval of a septimal major second (), with ratio 8/7, and in any meantone tuning in the vicinity of quarter-comma meantone, such as 31-equal temperament, it will come close to that value; for instance in 31-equal temperament the diminished third is a cent sharp of 8/7.
The complementary interval to the diminished third is the augmented sixth, and the numerous chords of common practice music described as augmented sixth chords thereby contain the diminished third as well. For example, a German sixth chord E♭-G-B♭-C♯-E♭' exhibits a diminished third between C♯ and E♭' which complements the augmented sixth between E♭ and C♯.
The 256:225 just diminished third arises in the extended C major scale between F♯ and A♭.[6]
See also
Sources
- ^ a b Benward & Saker (2003). Music: In Theory and Practice, Vol. I, p.54. ISBN 978-0-07-294262-0.
- ^ Haluska, Jan (2003). The Mathematical Theory of Tone Systems, p.xxvi. ISBN 0824747143. Classic diminished third.
- ^ Haluska, ibid. Diminished third.
- ^ Hoffmann, F.A. (1881). Music: Its Theory & Practice, p.89-90. Thurgate & Sons. Digitized Aug 16, 2007.
- ^ Benward & Saker (2003), p.92.
- ^ Paul, Oscar (1885). A manual of harmony for use in music-schools and seminaries and for self-instruction, p.165. Theodore Baker, trans. G. Schirmer.
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