User:Lenasilva/sandbox
Definition
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Corrective rape is a criminal practice in which men rape a lesbian, sometimes under the supervision by members of the woman's family or local community, with the purported purpose of "curing" her of homosexuality.[1][2]
The practice was first seen in South Africa.[3]
The term corrective rape was first used in the early 2000s by non-governmental organisations human rights to describe rapes committed against South African lesbians. In 2008 when Eudy Simelane, a member of the South Africa women's national football team and a vocal LGBT-rights activist in South Africa was gang raped and murdered in KwaThema, Gauteng. Two of her four accused assailants were ultimately convicted.
A November 2008 report by the NGO ActionAid and the South African Human Rights Commission reported that corrective rape is a serious problem.
Why it occurs To be completed by Tasneem
Health Ramifications
A variety of physical and psychological trauma can result from corrective rape and the physical abuse that often accompanies it. There are many cases in which the victim does not survive the attack or are maimed/scarred for life including. Victims in South Africa are at a high risk for contracting HIV/AIDS as well as other sexually transmitted disease, in addition to experiencing a pregnancy [4]
Prevalence
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South Africa
Canada
Other Countries
Social Issues
Family
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Military
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Global Impacts
The torture and rape of lesbians happens in every part of the world, including "developed" countries [5]. Some believe this to be a manifestation of the domination of patriarchal society which punished lesbians as outsiders, especially when nations go to war [6]. Under patriarchy, lesbian existence is delegitimized and/or made illegal. Dr. Susan Hawthorne argues that the freedom of lesbians from torture and violence may be an indicator of the social health of a society. Amnesty International's Crimes of Hate report concludes with the following statement: "The struggle to protect the human rights of LGBT people should be one that is waged by all" [7].
Case Studies and Testimonies
Eudy Simelane To be completed by partner
Zukiswa Gaca To be completed by partner
Zoliswa Nkonyana To be completed by partner
Noxolo Nogwaza
Activism and Preventative Efforts
Various organizations, groups, and individuals work to raise awareness of corrective rape and it's ramifications. Indirectly, many are also trying to raise more general awareness of the existence of gender non-conforming women, including lesbians, bisexual, transgender and inter-sexed women.
Luleki Sizwe
Luleki Sizwe is a community based organization focused on supporting victims of corrective rape in South Africa’s townships[8]. Their top two objectives include changing the existing stereotypes surrounding lesbian, bisexual and transgender women in our society and supporting and reaching out to lesbians who have been forced from their homes due to their sexual orientation and HIV status. They try and accomplish this through a variety of activities including campaigning, advocating and providing a safe house and medical care to victims of corrective rape.
Ekurhuleni Pride Organizing Committee (EPOC)
The Ekurhuleni Pride Organising Committee was formed in June 2009 by a small group of LGBTIs (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersexed) who wanted to decrease the frequency of severe Hate-Crimes affecting LGBTIs within Ekurhuleni [9]. EPOC organizes the Ekurhuleni Pride March, holds regular meetings to share information, hosts workshops and conferences to bring forth education. They also aim to document the lives and the openly gay and lesbian Ekurhuleni activists who liberated themselves in the 1980’s.
See also
- Sexual violence in South Africa
- LGBT rights in South Africa
- Violence against LGBT people
- Lesbophobia
- Causes of sexual violence
- Factors associated with being a victim of sexual violence
- Rape statistics
- Types of rape
Notes
- ^ Violet Gonda, "'Corrective rape' against homosexuals on the rise in Zimbabwe", SW Radio Africa, 8 April 2010
- ^ Pumza, Fihlani (2011-06-30). "South Africa's lesbians fear 'corrective rape'". BBC News. Retrieved 30 June 2011.
- ^ Lee Middleton (8 March 2011). "'Corrective Rape': Fighting a South African Scourge". Time. Cape Town.
- ^ http://www.change.org/petitions/south-africa-take-action-to-stop-corrective-rape
- ^ Hawthorne, Susan. "Ancient Hatred And Its Contemporary Manifestation: The Torture Of Lesbians." Journal Of Hate Studies 4.1 (2005): 33. Academic Search Complete.Web. 4 Mar. 2012.
- ^ Hawthorne, Susan. "Ancient Hatred And Its Contemporary Manifestation: The Torture Of Lesbians." Journal Of Hate Studies 4.1 (2005): 33. Academic Search Complete.Web. 4 Mar. 2012.
- ^ Crimes of Hate 2001, 28
- ^ http://www.change.org/groups/luleki_sizwen
- ^ http://ekurhulenipride.co.za/website/?page_id=44
References
- Annie Kelly, "Raped and killed for being a lesbian: South Africa ignores 'corrective' attacks", The Guardian, 2009-03-12
- Yolanda Mufweba, "'Corrective rape makes you an African woman'", Saturday Star, 2003-11-07
- Vasu Reddy, Cheryl-Ann Potgieter, and Nonhlanhla Mkhize, "Cloud over the rainbow nation: 'corrective rape' and other hate crimes against black lesbians", HSRC Review, 5(1) (March 2007): 10–11
- 'Corrective Rape': Fighting a South African Scourge, Time, 8 March 2011
External links
- Samira Ahmed, "'Corrective rape' in South Africa", channel4.com, 2009-03-12 (television news report)
- "'Corrective rape' at schools", news24.com, 2008-12-03