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Little magazine movement

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Little magazines, often called "small magazines" are literary magazines which publish experimental and non-conformist writings of relatively unknown writers. They are usually noncommercial in their outlook. They are often very irregular in their publication. The earliest significant examples are the transcendentalist publication The Dial (1840–44) edited by Ralph Waldo Emerson and Margaret Fuller in Boston and The Savoy (1896) edited by Arthur Symons in London which had a revolt against the Victorian Materialism as its agenda.

Little magazines played a significant role for the poets who shaped the avant-garde movements like Modernism and Post-modernism across the world in the twentieth century.

The Little Magazine Movement originated in the fifties and the sixties in many Indian languages like Bengali, Tamil, Marathi, Hindi, Malayalam and Gujarati, as it did in the West, in the early part of the 20th century.[1][2][3]

Little magazine movement in Marathi

Little magazines of 1955 to 1975

The avant-garde modernist poetry burst upon the Marathi literary world with the poetry of B. S. Mardhekar in the mid-forties. The period 1955–1975 in Marathi literature is dominated by the little magazine movement. It ushered in modernism and the Dalit movement. In the mid-fifties, Dilip Chitre, Arun Kolatkar and their friends started a cyclostyled Shabda. The little magazine movement spread like wild fire in the sixties with hundreds of ephemeral to relatively longer lasting magazines like Aso, Vacha, Lru, Bharud and Rucha. The movement brought forth a new generation of writers who were dissatisfied with the Marathi literary establishment which they saw as bourgeois, upper caste and orthodox.Ashok Shahane was the pioneer of the little magazine movement in marathi in the sixties. The writers like Dilip Chitre, Arun Kolatkar, Namdeo Dhasal, Tulsi Parab, Bhalchandra Nemade , Manohar Oak, Bhau Padhye, Vilas Sarang and Vasant Abaji Dahake came to prominence with the movement. Their writing is non-conformist and non-populist. The little magazine movement of the sixties ran out of steam in the mid-seventies. A representative translation of many poets of this period has been done by Dilip Chitre.[4]

Little magazines of the 1990s and 2000s

The economic reforms of the nineties in India ushered in an era of liberalization, privatization and globalization in Indian society. The boom in the telecommunications sector, cable and satellite television and digital revolution came in tandem with these economic reforms and deeply affected Indian society and culture. Mumbai, being the economic capital of India, felt the overwhelming force of these dramatic changes. Little magazines resurfaced in this period. Abhidhanantar, Shabdavedk, Saushthav and later on Aivaji, Khel, Anaghrat, and Navakshar Darshan burst upon the scene. The poetry of the poets like Manya Joshi, Mangesh Narayanrao Kale, Hemant Divate, Sanjeev Khandekar, Saleel Wagh and Sachin Ketkar who emerged from these little magazines of the nineties bear witness to the social and cultural transformation and write with a sensibility that is different from the generation that emerged from the movement of the sixties.[5]

Bengali little magazine movement

Early 20th century

In Bengali literature, it started with Kallol, a modernist movement magazine, established in 1923. The most popular among the group were Kazi Nazrul Islam (1899–1976), Mohitlal Majumder (1888–1952), Achintyakumar Sengupta (1903–1976), Satyendranath Dutta (1882–1922), and Premendra Mitra (1904–1988). Then Bengali poetry got into the brightest light of modernism in the 1930s, through the movement of a few other little magazines, such as Buddhadeb Bosu's Kabita and Sudhindranath Datta's Parichay.

Hungry Generation and Anti-establishment Movements

The little magazine explosion in West Bengal took place after 1961 when the Hungry Generation Movement took the cultural establishment by storm. In fact it changed not only the types of publication but also the naming of magazines. The Hungry Generation Movement aimed at waging a war against the literary establishment and the decadent society in general. Prominent figures included Shakti Chattopadhyay, Malay Roy Choudhury, Subimal Basak, Tridib Mitra, Samir Roychoudhury, Falguni Roy, Subon Acharjo, Pradip Choudhuri, Subhas Ghosh, and Basudeb Dasgupta.

There are other Bengali Writers who raised their voice against the establishment but did not join the Hungry generation Movement. Most notable amongst them is the maverick writer Subimal Mishra. Other experimental writers who mostly wrote in little magazines include Kamal Kumar Majumdar, Amiyabhushan Majumdar and Udayan Ghosh.

Kaurab Cult

Some major changes occurred in the 1970s in the Bengali little magazine movement, chiefly around Kaurab, a literary and cultural magazine nearly four decades old. Prime cult-figures of Kaurab are: Swadesh Sen, Kamal Chakraborty (original editor), Barin Ghosal, Debajyoti Dutta, Pranabkumar Chattopadhyay, Shankar Lahiri, Shankar Chakraborty and Aryanil Mukhopadhyay (present editor). The online version of the magazine can be found at w [1].

New Poetry (Natun Kabita)

Since the mid 1980s Bengali iterature experienced a new genre of Bengali poetry called New Poetry . From the early 1990s with impetus from a Kolkata-based poetry journal Kabita Campus, New Poetry has begun to gain immense acclaim from the young contemporary poets of Bengal. In 2003 some poets of this genre have started a journal named Natun Kabita containing their ideas and poems, through both online and print media. Another new age poetry magazine in the same sphere is Boikhoribhashya. Poets associated with this literary movement are: Barin Ghosal, Ranjan Maitra, Swapan Roy, Dhiman Chakraborty, Alok Biswas, Pronob Pal, Saumitra Sengupta, Arupratan Ghosh, Indranil Ghosh, Amitava Praharaj and Debanjan Das. Rajarshi Chattopadhyay, Atanu Bandopadhyay, Pradip Chakraborty are the poets who joined this movement in the mid 1990s.

New Age (New Century)

In West Bengal the first decade of this century (2001–10) is considered to be the period of a New Age little magazine movement. The magazines prominent in this period are: Meghjanmo, Sanjhbati, Lalon, joydhak, Nabamanab, Bodhshabdo, Pratishedhak, Abosardanga, Ashtray, Somoyer Shobdo,"ebRo khebRo rong", "resurrection", "duende" and Ahir.

Prominent figures rising from the period are: Arup Ghosh ,Atanu Singha,Sabyasachi Hazra,Krishnendu Mukherjee, Arindam Ray, Souptik Chakraborty, Arup Ghosh, Rangeet Mitra, Tanmay Mandal, Manik Saha, Arjun Bandopadhyay, Somtirtha Nandi, Saurav Chattopadhyay, Atri Bandopadhyay,Animikh Patra, Susnato Chowdhury, Kaushik Bhowmik, Ratul Pal, Rohon Kuddus,debjyoti bhattacharyya, Sanghamitra Haldar,Dipanwita Sarkar, Sreemoyee bhattacharya, Debarshi sarkar,Sreyashi choudhuri, Himadri Mukhopadhy,Debabrata Kar Biswas, Biswadip Dey, Aritra Sanyal, Saibal Sarkar, Deb Maity, Dipangshu Acharya, Somnath Ghosal, Swadesh Mishra, Swagata Dasgupta, Nabendu Bikash Ray, Arko Chattopadhyay, Arpan Chakraborty, Argha datta Bakshi, Ripon Fio, Souva Chattopadhyay, Sayantan Mukhopadhyay, Paramita das, Sumit Sikdar, Joydeep Sen, Soumo Neogi, Argha Roy, and Kumaraditya Sarkar.

Postmodern Bengali Poetry

Samir Roychoudhury and Prabhat Choudhuri heralded a new phase in Bengali poetry known as Postmodern Poetry with the launching of Haowa#49 and Kabita Pakshik respectively.

Little Magazine Library and Research Centre

There is a Little Magazine Library and Research Centre at Tamer Lane (run by Sandip Dutta since 1978), Kolkata, India which collects Bengali little magazines published anywhere in the world.

Sahitya Academy

The Sahitya Akademi (Indian Academy of Letters) also publishes two literary journals, namely Indian Literature in English and Samkalin Bhartiya Sahitya in Hindi. However they cannot be considered as 'little magazines' as they have state support and appear regularly.[6] A prime example of this continuing tradition is The Little Magazine, published from New Delhi since May 2000.,[7] Civil Lines and Yatra [8]

'Atmodeeper Projwalanbhumi Deepan'==Literary Bengali little magazines in India==

  • Abhidhanantar-Marathi little Magazine
  • Aadorer Nauka-Bengali little magazine
  • Baundule-Bengali little magazine
  • Abhiyakti - Hindi literary magazine Online.
  • Aanubhuti - Monthly Hindi poetry and literary magazine
  • Aikya-Quarterly Bengali Literary and Cultural Magazine
  • Amritalok-An influential Bengali Literary and Cultural Magazine, Station Road,P.O.-Midnapore 721101 West Bengal
  • Bharat Darshan - Hindi literary magazine [9]
  • Crimson Feet Magazine - Bimonthly journal for writers and poets from the Indian sub-continent.[10]
  • Civil Lines - English literary magazine
  • Diyala (http://diyala.kochiknacha.com) - Bilingual(Bengali and English) online magazine for under 16 age group
  • Darpan - Literary Magazine.
  • Duende - Bengali little magazine.
  • Ebro Khebro Rong - Bengali little magazine.
  • Guruchandali - Bengali e-zine
  • Graffiti - A Bengali little magazine which repeatedly promoted hungrialist movement & literature as well as postmodern literary movement,Graffiti has contributed a remarkable part of it in the field of translation & transcreation literature [11]
  • HindiElm - Quarterly Hindi literary magazine
  • Haowa 49 - Quarterly Bengali Magazine of changing poetry and literary theories.
  • Joydhak - Quarterly Bengali Magazine for children- www.joydhak.com
  • Kahani - A South Asian literary magazine for children.
  • Kaurab - Perhaps the most influential of the contemporary bengali little magazines with both online and print editions. www.kaurab.com
  • Kledaja Kusum - an exceptional poetry magazine of West Bengal,10/1 S.B.Roychowdhury Rd. Nimta.Kolkata-700049.-www.kledajakusum.com
  • Kavya Bharati - An annual journal , The Study Centre for Indian Literature in English and Translation .- www.scilet.in
  • Kottapalli.in - A Telugu monthly magazine for Children (Available both in Print and online). - http://kottapalli.in/
  • Kritya- A bilingual journal of international poetry.- www.kritya.in
  • Maadhukari - Online Bengali literary magazine
  • Meghadutam - Online magazine on literature and poetry
  • Natun Kabita - The Bengali little magazine promoting the 'Notun Kobita' or new poetry movement, newest literay movement in Bengali
  • Nabamanab - Bi-monthly Bengali little magazine edited by Enamul Kabir
  • Abosardanga - A contemporary Bengali Little magazine gaining immense popularity
  • Parabaas - a Bengali literary e-zine
  • Patrika - Online Bengali literary magazine
  • Poddu.net - A Telugu literay web magazine - http://poddu.net
  • Pratishedhak - A new little magazine run by a young group of new age writers in Kolkata
  • Punjabielm - Quarterly Punjabi literary magazine
  • Purwai - London based quarterly magazine on Indian languages
  • Pustakam.net - A Telugu web magazine on the world of books - http://pustakam.net
  • Sambit - Oriya literary magazine
  • Somoyer Shobdo - Kolkata based Bengali Little Magazine dedicated to foster new talents. Edited by Argha Roy and Kumaraditya Sarkar.[12]
  • The Brown Critique - Literary quarterly for Indian writings in English.
  • The Journal of The Poetry Society ( India )
  • The Little Magazine - English literary magazine
  • Udgam - a literary Hindi magazine.[13]
  • Ultodurbin - Tetra-monthly Bengali little magazine from Kolkata, India.[14]
  • UrduElm - Quarterly literary magazine [15]
  • Utsab - Bengali literary magazine
  • Yugantar Punjab - online Punjabi literary magazine.
  • Kledaja kusum - Quarterly Bengali poetry magazine.
  • Vapra - Bengali little magazine....
  • Resurrection - Bengali little magazine....
  • Purba (ISSN 2229 6344) - a literary and cultural magagine, started publishing from 2005 from Medinipur of west Bengal

'==References==

  1. ^ Literary magazine#History of literary_magazines
  2. ^ A critical study of Dalit literature in India Dr. Jugal Kishore Mishra.
  3. ^ The little magazine movement in Marathi; by Dilip Chitre
  4. ^ Chitre, Dilip, ed. An Anthology of Marathi Poetry 1945–65. Mumbai: Nirmala Sadananda Publications, 1967
  5. ^ Ketkar, Sachin, ed. Live Update: an anthology of recent Marathi poetry. Mumbai: Poetrywala Publications, 2004
  6. ^ Journals of resurgence The Hindu, July 1, 2005.
  7. ^ About The Little Magazine
  8. ^ Observations on The Little Magazine, Civil Lines and Yatra
  9. ^ Links to Magazines - Literature
  10. ^ Crimson Feet
  11. ^ Graffiti-kolkata
  12. ^ Somoyer Shobdo
  13. ^ Literary magazines
  14. ^ Ultodurbin The web-version of the magazine.
  15. ^ Literary magazines in India Yahoo directory.

Diyala in news

http://www.washingtonbanglaradio.com/content/111417310-free-online-bengali-english-magazine-diyala-launched-kochisamsad-publication

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