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Glossary of machine vision

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Common definitions related to the Machine Vision field.

Compiled for application on the Society of Manufacturing Engineers interest area.


General Related Fields

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0-9

  • 1D. One dimensional.
  • 2D computer graphics. The computer-based generation of digital images—mostly from two-dimensional models (such as 2D geometric models, text, and digital images) and by techniques specific to them.
  • 3D computer graphics

A

  • aspect ratio (image). The aspect ratio of an image is its displayed width divided by its height (usually expressed as "x:y").

B

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  • Barcode. A barcode (also bar code) is a machine-readable representation of information in a visual format on a surface.
  • Blob discovery. Inspecting an image for discrete blobs of connected pixels (e.g. a black hole in a grey object) as image landmarks. These blobs frequently represent optical targets for machining, robotic capture, or manufacturing failure.
  • Bitmap. A raster graphics image, digital image, or bitmap, is a data file or structure representing a generally rectangular grid of pixels, or points of color, on a computer monitor, paper, or other display device.

C

  • Charge-coupled device. A charge-coupled device (CCD) is a sensor for recording images, consisting of an integrated circuit containing an array of linked, or coupled, capacitors. CCD sensors and cameras tend to be more sensitive, less noisy, and more expensive than CMOS sensors and cameras.
  • Contrast. In visual perception, contrast is the difference in visual properties that makes an object (or its representation in an image) distinguishable from other objects and the background.
  • computer vision. The study and application of methods which allow computers to "understand" image content or content of multidimensional data in general.
  • C-Mount. Standardized adapter for optical lenses on CCD - cameras. The C-Mount is a screw thread with 1"-32UN-2A. A C-Mount lens can be used on a CS-Mount camera through the use of a 5mm extension tube.
  • CS-Mount. Same as C-Mount but the focal point is 5mm shorter. A CS-Mount lens will not work on a C-Mount camera.

D

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E

  • Edge detection. ED marks the points in an digital image at which the luminous intensity changes sharply.
  • Electromagnetic interference. Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) is electromagnetic radiation which is emitted by electrical circuits carrying rapidly changing signals, as a by-product of their normal operation, and which causes unwanted signals (interference or noise) to be induced in other circuits.

F

  • FireWire. FireWire (also known as i.Link or IEEE 1394) is a personal computer (and digital audio/video) serial bus interface standard, offering high-speed communications. It is often used as an interface for industrial cameras.
  • Frame grabber.A frame grabber is a component of a computer system designed for digitizing analog video signals

G

  • Grayscale. A grayscale digital image is an image in which the value of each pixel is a single sample. Displayed images of this sort are typically composed of shades of gray, varying from black at the weakest intensity to white at the strongest, though in principle the samples could be displayed as shades of any color, or even coded with various colors for different intensities.
  • GUI. A graphical user interface (or GUI, sometimes pronounced "gooey") is a method of interacting with a computer through a metaphor of direct manipulation of graphical images and widgets in addition to text.

H

  • HSV color space.The HSV (Hue, Saturation, Value) model, also called HSB (Hue, Saturation, Brightness), defines a color space in terms of three constituent components:
    • Hue, the color type (such as red, blue, or yellow)
    • Saturation, the "vibrancy" of the color and colorimetric purity
    • Value, the brightness of the color

I

  • Incandescent light bulb. An incandescent light bulb generates light using a glowing filament heated to white-hot by an electrical current.

J

  • JPEG. JPEG (pronounced jay-peg) is a most commonly used standard method of lossy compression for photographic images.

K

L

  • Lighting. Lighting refers to either artificial light sources such as lamps or to natural illumination. Choosing the accurate lighting for a machine vision system needs lot of experience.

M

  • machine vision. (MV) is the application of computer vision to industry and manufacturing.

N

  • Neural network. A NN is an interconnected group of artificial neurons that uses a mathematical or computational model for information processing based on a connectionist approach to computation. In most cases an ANN is an adaptive system that changes its structure based on external or internal information that flows through the network.

O

  • Optical character recognition. Usually abbreviated to OCR, involves computer software designed to translate images of typewritten text (usually captured by a scanner) into machine-editable text, or to translate pictures of characters into a standard encoding scheme representing them in (ASCII or Unicode).

P

  • Prime lens. Mechanical assembly of lenses whose focal length is fixed, as opposed to a zoom lens, which has a variable focal length.
  • Pixel. A pixel is one of the many tiny dots that make up the representation of a picture in a computer's memory or screen.

Q

R

  • RGB. The RGB color model utilizes the additive model in which red, green, and blue light are combined in various ways to create other colors.

S

  • Smart camera.A smart camera is an integrated machine vision system which, in addition to image capture circuitry, includes a processor, which can extract information from images without need for an external processing unit, and interface devices used to make results available to other devices.
  • SVGA.Super Video Graphics Array, almost always abbreviated to Super VGA or just SVGA is a broad term that covers a wide range of computer display standards.

T

  • Telephoto lens. Lens whose focal length is significantly longer than the focal length of a normal lens.
  • TIFF.Tagged Image File Format (abbreviated TIFF) is a file format for mainly storing images, including photographs and line art.

U

  • USB. Universal Serial Bus (USB) provides a serial bus standard for connecting devices, usually to computers such as PCs , but is also becoming commonplace on cameras.

V

  • VGA.Video Graphics Array (VGA) is a computer display standard first marketed in 1987 by IBM

W

  • Wide-angle lens. In photography and cinematography, a wide-angle lens is a lens whose focal length is shorter than the focal length of a normal lens.

X

Y

Z

  • Zoom lens. A mechanical assembly of lenses whose focal length can be changed, as opposed to a prime lens, which has a fixed focal length.


Other Machine Vision online Glossary repositories:

General resources

Computer vision laboratories

Tutorials

Papers

See also


--Leandro G. Barajas 21:58, 17 March 2006 (UTC)

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