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Sukhoi Superjet 100

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Superjet 100
An Aeroflot Sukhoi Superjet
Role Regional airliner
National origin Russia
Manufacturer Komsomolsk-on-Amur Aircraft Production Association
Designer Sukhoi Civil Aircraft
First flight 19 May 2008[1]
Introduction 21 April 2011 with Armavia
Status In production, in service
Primary user Aeroflot[2]
Produced 2007–present
Number built 4 prototypes + 8[3] serial (as of Mar. 2012)

The Sukhoi Superjet 100 (Template:Lang-ru) is a modern, fly-by-wire regional jet in the 75- to 95-seat category. With development starting in 2000, the plane was designed by the civil aircraft division of the Russian aerospace company Sukhoi in co-operation with Western partners. Its maiden flight was conducted on 19 May 2008 and the aircraft was certified by the Interstate Aviation Committee in January 2011 and by the European Aviation Safety Agency in February 2012. On 21 April 2011, the Superjet 100 performed its first commercial passenger flight, on the Armavia route from Yerevan to Moscow.

Designed to compete internationally with its Embraer and Bombardier counterparts, the Superjet 100 aims for substantially lower operating costs at the price of $35 million, securing over 300 orders by early 2011.

The final assembly of the plane is done by Komsomolsk-on-Amur Aircraft Production Association, its SaM-146 engines are designed and produced by the French-Russian PowerJet joint venture and the plane is marketed internationally by the Italian-Russian SuperJet International joint venture.

On May 9, 2012 a Russian Sukhoi Superjet passenger plane with at least 44 people aboard went missing on a demonstration flight in Indonesia.

Development

Early development

Yaroslavl Oblast Governor Sergey Vakhrukov (left) and Prime Minister Vladimir Putin (center) inspecting Superjet 100 engine production at NPO Saturn on 2 December 2008. To the right is General Director of the company, Yuri Lastochkin.

Development of the Sukhoi Superjet 100 began in 2000.[4] On 19 December 2002, Sukhoi Civil Aircraft and the American company Boeing signed a Long-term Cooperation Agreement to work together on the plane. Boeing consultants had already been advising Sukhoi on marketing, design, certification, manufacturing, program management and aftersales support for a year.[5] On 10 October 2003, the technical board of the project selected the suppliers of major subsystems.[6] The project officially passed its third stage of development on 12 March 2004, meaning that Sukhoi could now start selling the plane to customers.[7] On 13 November 2004, the Superjet 100 passed the fourth stage of development, implying that the plane was now ready for commencing of prototype production.[8] In August 2005, a contract between the Russian government and Sukhoi was signed. Under the agreement, the Superjet 100 project would receive 7.9 billion rubles of research and development financing under the Federal Program titled Development of Civil Aviation in Russia in 2005-2009.[9]

Flight testing

Mostly blue aircraft with long pointy pitot tube on take off.
Superjet 100 prototype (SN95001) on its maiden flight, 19 May 2008.

On 28 January 2007, the first SSJ was transported by an Antonov 124 from Komsomolsk-on-Amur to the city of Zhukovsky near Moscow for ground tests at Zhukovsky Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute.[citation needed] A representative of Sukhoi Civil Aircraft announced on 13 November 2007, the completion of static tests necessary for conducting the first flight. The Superjet was unveiled at its official rollout at Komsomolsk-on-Amur Dzemgi Airport on 26 September 2007.[10]

In the middle of February 2008, the SaM146 initial engine runs went successfully, gearing up for the maiden flight.[11] The engine test followed a test on an Ilyushin Il-76, a testbed aircraft for the Gromov Flight Research Institute. It was expected to be certified and flying by November.[12]

The first test flight took place on 19 May 2008 also at the Dzemgi airport at the Komsomolsk-on-Amur Aircraft Production Association.[13] The first Superjet spent 1 hour, 5 minutes in the air, and reached an altitude of 1,200 meters.

On July 2008, testing continued successfully.[14] By October 2008, the first stage of Sukhoi Superjet 100's factory-based flight testing program was successfully completed. The second SSJ100 prototype had also been flown and the certification process was started.[15] In December 2008, the second of four SSJ100 prototypes SN95003 took to the skies.[16] The aircraft performed standard stability and handling quality tests as well as systems checks in accordance with the first flight assignment. Flight test engineers and pilots were pleased with the overall performance of the second prototype.[17]

The deliveries were first scheduled to begin in late 2008, and Sukhoi predicted that 163 units of all variations of the Superjet 100 would be delivered by the end of 2016.[18] On 7 July 2008, Sukhoi officially confirmed that the original schedule was too optimistic, and first deliveries would begin in December 2009.[19][20]

As of January 2009, the first two aircraft had completed over 90 flights, totaling 300 hours, engines have accumulated around 2,300 hours in flight and ground tests.[21] On 1 April 2009, two Superjet 100 prototypes, 95001 and 95003, successfully completed the first long-distance flight for this aircraft, covering a distance of 3,000 kilometers from Novosibirsk to Moscow.[22] On 17 April 2009, EASA pilots performed the first proving flights on the two prototypes. According to EASA pilot feedback, the aircraft was easy to fly.[23] On 26 July 2009, the third of four SSJ100 prototypes (SN95004) flew.[24]

At the Paris Air Show 2009, Malev Hungarian Airlines said that it would purchase 30 Superjets worth $1 billion, providing a welcome boost to sales as it made its international debut at the 2009 Paris Air Show.[25]

As of June 2009, 13 aircraft were under construction with the first four scheduled to be handed over to clients by the end of 2010. After 2012, the company will build 70 Superjets per year.[25] Armenian Armavia would receive the first two aircraft, followed by Aeroflot, which has ordered a total of 30 aircraft with an option for 15 more. Other customers include Russia's Avialeasing company, Swiss Ama Asset Management Advisor and Indonesian Kartika Airlines.[25]

On 29 December 2009, United Aircraft Corporation head Alexei Fyodorov said that deliveries of the Superjet 100 have been indefinitely delayed because the engines were not ready.[26] On 4 February 2010, the fourth prototype SSJ flew. Owing to delays in production of the engines, including quality problems at the NPO Saturn factory, it used the engines removed from the first prototype.[27] On 28 May 2010, all engine tests necessary for certification were completed. The final trial was a simulation of an encounter with a flock of birds.[28]

Sukhoi Superjet 100 (RA-97004) at Tolmachevo (Novosibirsk) airport during proving flights.

Flight management system (FMS) tests were completed on 19 November 2010. The FMS CMA-9000 was developed by Canada's Esterline CMC Electronics for the Thales avionics suite.[29]

On May 9, 2012, an aircraft being used to drum up trade in the far east went down with full crew onboard, as well as Russian officials and journalists. Air traffic control lost contact with the flight crew after around an hour in the air on its demonstration flight, watching it plunge from 10,000ft to 6,000ft over a mountain range before losing radar contact.

Certification

On 6 July 2010, Deputy Industry and Trade Minister Denis Manturov, who heads the commission to monitor the implementation of the Sukhoi Superjet program, wrote to Industry and Trade Minister Viktor Khristenko about the progress of the aircraft's certification in early June. Data from 28 May 2010 showed that the certification process was getting behind schedule with most of the problems related to the SaM146 engine, developed by PowerJet, which is a joint project between the Russian Saturn and the French Snecma. Work on its final design had been almost completed and certification was more than 90 percent completed, but problems remain, noted Manturov.[30]

In September 2010, the CEO of SuperJet International said that certification was expected in November 2010.[31] In October 2010, the Sukhoi Superjet 100 (SN95004) passed noise testing carried out under the auspices of Russian and European certification authorities (AR IAC and EASA respectively).[32] On 4 November 2010, the first production Superjet (SN95007) intended for Armavia was test flown.[33]

Superjet 100 serial number 95005 at 2010 Farnborough Air Show.

By November 2010, the SSJ test fleet had flown 2,245 hours during 948 flights.[34]

On 21 December 2010, Superjet 100 passed emergency evacuation and interrupted takeoff tests at Ramenskoye Airport near Zhukovsky, near Moscow, under the supervision of the Interstate Aviation Committee Aviation Register (AR IAC) and the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA). The first test required 98 volunteers of different age groups and five crew members to evacuate the aircraft in 90 seconds during an emergency landing. They made it in 73 seconds. The interrupted takeoff test probed the wheels, tires and brakes at maximum possible braking speed. In full compliance with the certification requirements, the test was performed without a thrust reverser. The aircraft loaded to its maximum takeoff weight (45,880 kg) performed emergency braking at a speed of over 300 km/h and came to a stop after running 700 meters, within the required parameters.[35]

On 3 February 2011, the Interstate Aviation Committee (IAC IR) granted a Type Certificate for Sukhoi Superjet 100.[36] The Type Certificate confirms compliance of the SSJ100 with the airworthiness regulations and it authorizes the commercial operation of the airliner.

On 3 February 2012, the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) issued Type Certificate A-176 for the Sukhoi Superjet 100 (model RRJ-95B), confirming that the aircraft complies with the EASA airworthiness and environmental requirements. The certification also makes it possible for airlines operating in countries using EASA rules to accept and operate the aircraft. The extensive validation program included several dedicated flight and ground tests.[37]

Design

Requirements

Top view of mostly blue twin-engine small jet airliner parked on ramp next to building.
The first Superjet 100 on display at Komsomolsk-on-Amur.

In the Russian domestic market, the Sukhoi Superjet 100 (SSJ) is intended to replace the aging Tupolev Tu-134 and Yakovlev Yak-42 planes.[38] Internationally, the new plane will compete against the Embraer E-Jets and the Bombardier CRJ programs. The SSJ aims for lower operating costs than its competitors for the price of $23–25 million.[39] According to Sukhoi, ongoing certification tests are confirming that the aircraft's direct operating costs are 6–8% lower than those of its key competitor, the Embraer 190/195.[40] In terms of total fuel burn per sector, the SSJ is on par with the Antonov An-148 but can accommodate 22 more passengers.[40]

The aircraft's design meets the specific requirements of airlines in Russia, the CIS, the USA and the EU, and conforms to the Aviation Rules AP-25, FAR-25, JAR-25 requirements and to the ground noise level requirements under ICAO Chapter 4 and FAR 36 Section 4 standards entering into force during 2006. From the beginning, the SSJ has been designed to meet all Western aviation standards.[41]

The Superjet uses PowerJet SaM146 turbofan engines developed by PowerJet that provide 13,500 to 17,500 pounds-force (60 to 78 kN) of thrust.[42] The noise and emissions levels satisfy the existing ICAO requirements.

Industry participation

See also: Aircraft industry of Russia
The Superjet's SaM146 engines were developed by PowerJet, a joint venture between Russia's NPO Saturn and France's Snecma.

The Superjet 100 has been described as the most important and successful civil aircraft program of the Russian aerospace industry.[43] It enjoys considerable support from the Russian Ministry of Industry and Trade, which regards it as a top priority project.[44] Excluding the SaM146 engine, development of the plane cost about $1.4 billion, with 25% of this amount funded from the federal budget.[45] The Superjet 100 is the first new civil aircraft developed in post-Soviet Russia.[46]

Over 30 foreign partnership companies are involved in the project. Development, manufacturing and marketing of the aircraft's SaM146 jet engine is being done by the PowerJet company, a joint-venture between the French Snecma and Russia's NPO Saturn. SuperJet International, a joint venture between Alenia Aeronautica and Sukhoi is responsible for marketing in Europe, the Americas, Africa, Japan and Oceania.[43]

The assembly line for all versions of the Superjet is located in the facilities of Komsomolsk-on-Amur Aircraft Production Association (KnAAPO) in the Russian Far East, while Novosibirsk Aircraft Production Association (NAPO) focuses on component production. The two companies have been heavily investing in upgrading of their facilities and are expected to produce 70 airframes by 2012.[43]

List of companies

View of cockpit of modern jet airliner, showing a large array of displays and instruments.
Cockpit equipment of Sukhoi Superjet 100 serial number 95007.

Orders and deliveries

Date Airline EIS Superjet 100–95 / SBJ Option Delivered
22 November 2005 Finance Leasing Company from 2012 10
7 December 2005 Aeroflot[49] 2011–2016 30 10 7
14 September 2007 Armavia 2011 2 2 1
15 July 2008 Avia Leasing (for UTAir) 2012–2014 24 16
5 December 2008 Kartika Airlines 2012–2014 30
17 June 2009 Gazpromavia TBD 10
21 August 2009 Yakutia Airlines (lease from FLC) 2012 2
21 May 2010 Lao Central Airlines 2012 3 6
21 July 2010 Orient Thai Airlines 2013–2014 12 12
21 July 2010 Pearl Aircraft Corporation[50][51] from 2012 30 15
2 September 2010 Willis Lease Finance[52] from 2012 6 4
17 January 2011 Interjet[53][54] from 2012 15 5
21 June 2011 Sky Aviation[55] 2012–2015 12
22 June 2011 Blue Panorama Airlines[56] from 2012 8 4
18 August 2011 Aviotech TBD 10 10
19 August 2011 Kuban Airlines 2012-2015 12
19 August 2011 Moskovia Airlines 2013 3 2
16-21 August 2011 Yamal Airlines[57] TBD 10
16-21 August 2011 Tajik Air[58] TBD 2 2
16-21 August 2011 Kyrgyzstan Airlines[59] TBD 2 4
9 October 2011 Comlux [60] 2014 2 2
5 May 2012 Air Indus [61] TBD 3 5
5 May 2012 Burma 2013 2
Total: 240 99 8

Timeline

A Superjet 100-95 in flight over Ramenskoye Airport
  • August 2005 at MAKS-2005 – Finance Leasing Company and Sukhoi Civil Aircraft sign a sales contract for 10 aircraft of the new RRJ family for $262 million.[62]
  • December 2005 – Aeroflot signs the contract for the delivery of 30 Sukhoi Superjet 100s, thus becoming the program's launch customer. The total deal is valued at approximately $820 million.[63]
  • December 2006 – Sukhoi Civil Aircraft wins a $170 million order from Dalavia Far East Airways.[64]
  • May 2007 – Aeroflot and Sukhoi Civil Aircraft Company announces the signature of the Letter of Intent to purchase 15 aircraft of Sukhoi Superjet 100 family. Earlier, Aeroflot had already signed the contract for delivery of 30 SSJ-100s. According to the letter, the airline will purchase 15 SSJ100/95s in basic configuration with deliveries to start in May 2011. The airline also holds an option for another five aircraft of the family. The deal amounts at over $400 million.[65]
  • September 2007 – Armavia signs a multimillion-dollar agreement to buy four SSJ-100-95LR Superjets for regional flights.[66]
  • July 2008 – Avia Leasing acquires 24 Sukhoi Superjet 100 aircraft in basic configuration with an option for 16 additional aircraft on the second day of the 2008 Farnborough Airshow. The order has a total value of over $630 million.[67] Order firmed at Paris Airshow on 16 June 2009.
  • July 2008 – SuperJet International announces an order by an undisclosed renowned European customer for a fleet of 20 new Sukhoi Superjet 100 aircraft valued at approximately $600 million.[68]
  • 5 December 2008, Jakarta – Sukhoi Civil Aircraft Company and Kartika Airlines sign the Heads of Agreement for 15 Sukhoi Superjet 100s and another 15 optional aircraft. The order is valued at $448 million. Kartika Airlines is the first SSJ100 customer in Southeast Asia.[69]
  • 17 June 2009, Paris Airshow – Gazprom orders 10 Superjet 100 aircraft.[70]
  • May 2010 – Laos-based newcomer Phongsavanh Airlines plans to launch services in 2012 and buy three Sukhoi RRJ95 SuperJet 100s.[72]
  • 19 July 2010 – Sukhoi Civil Aircraft and Indonesia's regional carrier Kartika Airlines sign $951 mln deal on 30 SSJ100s.[74]
  • 20 July 2010 – Orient Thai Airlines to buy at least 12 Superjet 100s from Sukhoi.[75]
  • 1 September 2010 – Aeroflot announced that as part of its plan to order additional domestic aircraft it planned to purchase an additional 10 aircraft in addition to its 30 prior orders.[77]
  • 2 September 2010 – SuperJet International signs agreement up to US $300 million.[78]
  • 24 November 2010 – Thailand's Orient Thai Airlines announced the purchase of 12 Sukhoi Superjet-100/95Bs civilian aircraft.[79]
  • 17 January 2011 – Mexico's third largest airline Interjet signed a $650 million deal for 15 Sukhoi Superjet-100 civilian aircraft, with an option to purchase five more.[80] It is the North American launch costumer and is the first and, so far, the only airline of the Americas to order a Sukhoi Superjet 100.
  • 3 February 2011 – Sukhoi Superjet 100 obtained IAC AR Type Certificate
  • 19 April 2011 – The first production aircraft was delivered to Armavia, celebrated with a ceremony in the Armenian capital Yerevan.
  • 9 October 2011  Comlux becomes the launching customer of SuperJet International for this new type of VIP aircraft [82]
  • 9 May 2012  Sukhoi SuperJet 100 with 44 people on board goes missing over Jakarta, Indonesia whilst on a demonstration flight. Radio contact was lost with the plane shortly after the pilots requested permission to descend to 6000 feet (1829m). The plane began its descent but disappeared from radar screens at an altitude of 6200 feet (1890m) in a mountainous area.

Operational history

Inaugural flight by Armavia of the Superjet to Sheremetyevo International Airport on 21 April 2011.

The first production Sukhoi Superjet was delivered to Armavia on 19 April 2011. The handover ceremony was held at Zvartnots International Airport in Yerevan on the same day.[83] The aircraft received the name "Yuri Gagarin" in memory of the first man in space almost exactly 50 years before.[84] In the future the Armavia Superjet 100 fleet will make their 1.5–2 hour long flights from Yerevan to Moscow, Sochi, as well as Ukrainian cities,[83] including Odessa and Simferopol. The airline expects to receive their second Superjet 100 in June 2011.[81]

Entry into service

Cabin of Sukhoi Superjet 100 (SN 95007, Armavia airline).

On 21 April 2011 the first commercial flight of Sukhoi Superjet 100 (SN 95007) by Armavia airline landed at Sheremetyevo International Airport, Moscow at 4.45 AM MSK (00.45 GMT), carrying 90 passengers from Zvartnots International Airport, Yerevan.[81][85][86] The flight took about 2 hours and 55 minutes.[81]

Armavia used the Airbus A319 on its Yerevan to Moscow (SVO) route, but is now switching to Superjet 100.[81]

President of United Aircraft Corporation and General Director of Sukhoi Mikhail Pogosyan hailed the event as a key milestone for the Superjet 100 project, saying that it opened "a new stage of the program — the beginning of commercial operation and full-scale serial production."[85]

The aircraft was put into commercial operation within unprecedentedly short time after delivery. For the first week of service SSJ-100 has accumulated 24 flights, flying to Moscow, Athens, Donetsk, Aleppo, Tehran, Tel Aviv and Astrakhan. On 1 May, Superjet made first regular flight to Venice (2800 km, aprox 3:45 minute flight).[87]

In March 2012 it was revealed that Aeroflot is asking Sukhoi for compensation since the six Superjet 100 it operates are in the air only 3.9 hours/day on average instead of the standard 8 to 9 hours. "Outages were caused by failures due to technical problems and delayed delivery of parts", noted the deputy chief engineer of the Department of Aviation and Technical Support of "Aeroflot" Constantine Mohni in the russian daily newspaper Vedomosti.[88]

Variants

The three variants were originally called the RRJ-60, RRJ-75 and RRJ-95, with the numbers designating the average passenger capacity of each type. However, with the renaming of the project to Superjet 100, the RRJ-75 was re-labelled the Superjet 100–75 (or SSJ-75 for short), while the RRJ-95 became known as the SSJ 100–95. The smallest variant, called the SSJ 100–60, was temporarily postponed, and efforts are currently concentrating on the largest variant, with the smaller SSJ 100–75 to follow later. Longer variants based on extended fuselages, called the SSJ 100–110 and the SSJ 100–125, are also planned, as well as business, VIP and cargo variants.[89]

Specifications

SSJ 100–75 SSJ 100-75LR SSJ 100–95 SSJ 100-95LR
Cockpit crew 2
Seating capacity 83 (1-class, dense)
78 (1-class, standard)
68 (2-class, standard)		 103 (1-class, dense)
98 (1-class, standard)
86 (2-class, standard)
Seat pitch 30 in (1-class, dense), 32 in (1-class, standard)
36 & 32 in (2-class, standard)		 31 in (1-class, dense), 32 in (1-class, standard)
36 & 32 in (2-class, standard)
Length 26.44 m (86 ft 9 in) 29.94 m (98 ft 3 in)
Wingspan 27.80 m (91 ft 2 in)
Height 10.28 m (33 ft 9 in)
Fuselage max diameter 3.35 m (11 ft 0 in)
Cabin width 3.236 m (127.4 in)
Cabin height 2.12 m (6 ft 11 in)
Aisle width 51 cm (20 in)
Seat width 46.5 cm (18.3 in)
Volume bins per passenger 0.07 m3 (2.5 cu ft)
Maximum take-off weight (MTOW) 38,820 kg (85,580 lb) 42,280 kg (93,210 lb) 45,880 kg (101,150 lb) 49,450 kg (109,020 lb)
Empty weight (OEW) - - 25,100 kg (55,300 lb) -
DOW - - 26,600 kg (58,600 lb) -
Maximum landing weight 35,000 kg (77,000 lb) 41,000 kg (90,000 lb)
Maximum payload 9,130 kg (20,130 lb) 12,245 kg (26,996 lb)
Maximum fuel capacity 13,135 L (10,600 kg or 23,370 lb) 13,135 L (10,600 kg or 23,370 lb)
Cargo capacity 15.01 m3 (530 cu ft) 21.97 m3 (776 cu ft)
Takeoff run at MTOW 1,515 m (4,970 ft) 1,731 m (5,679 ft) 2,052 m (6,732 ft)
Maximum flight altitude 12,500 m (41,000 ft)
Cruising speed Mach 0.78 (828 km/h/511 mph / 448knots at 11,000 m/36,000 ft)
Maximum cruise speed Mach 0.81 (870 km/h/ 541 mph / 469knots at 11,000 m/36,000 ft)
Range (full passenger payload) 2,900 km (1,800 mi) 4,550 km (2,830 mi) 3,048 km (1,894 mi) 4,578 km (2,845 mi)
Engine (x 2) PowerJet SaM146
Takeoff thrust (x 2) 13,500 lbf (60 kN) 15,400 lbf (69 kN)
APR thrust (x 2) 15,400 lbf (69 kN) 17,500 lbf (78 kN)
Fan tip diameter 1.22 m (48 in)
Engine length 2.07 m (81 in)

Sources: Sukhoi Civil Aircraft Company,[90] Superjet International,[91] PowerJet.[92]

Accidents and Incidents

  • On May 9th, 2012 Russia Today reported that a Superjet-100 performing demonstrations to potential buyers went missing over Jakarta, Indonesia after disappearing off radar a few moments after the crew requested to begin making a descent for an unknown reason. The fate of the flight is currently unknown.[93]

See also

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era

Related lists

References

Notes
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  2. ^ "Aeroflot." rian.ru. Retrieved: 3 January 2010.
  3. ^ http://russianplanes.net/EN/REGISTR/Sukhoi/SuperJet-100
  4. ^ "Sukhoi Superjet 100 Takes Off." Kommersant. 19 May 2008.
  5. ^ Sukhoi Superjet 100 Project History - 2002[dead link‍]
  6. ^ Sukhoi Superjet 100 Project History - October 2003[dead link‍]
  7. ^ March 12, 2004, Moscow - Superjet 100 Program Third Stage Completion[dead link‍]
  8. ^ Sukhoi Civil Aircraft Company's Board of Directors has officially affirmed the decision on the successful completion of the Fourth Program Phase[dead link‍]
  9. ^ A Government Contract For Research And Development Program on the Superjet 100 Aircraft Is Signed[dead link‍]
  10. ^ "Russia unveils new passenger jet." Reuters. Retrieved: 12 July 2011.
  11. ^ "Russian Superjet 100 makes first test flight." Russian News and Information Agency via rian.ru, 19 May 2008. Retrieved 9 November 2010.
  12. ^ "News." Airliner World: 11.
  13. ^ Zaitsev, Tom. "Superjet 100 makes maiden flight." Flight International, 19 June 2008.
  14. ^ "First 13 flights." superjet100.com, July 2008. Retrieved 3 January 2010.
  15. ^ "25 Hours in the Air." superjet100.com, October 2008. Retrieved 9 November 2010.
  16. ^ "Second Sukhoi SuperJet 100 starts test flights." sukhoi.superjet100.com. Retrieved 3 January 2010.
  17. ^ "Second prototype took to the skies."[dead link‍] sukhoi.superjet100.com. Retrieved 3 January 2010.
  18. ^ Aviation Week & Space Technology, 29 October 2007, p. 66.
  19. ^ "«Суперджет» задерживается" (Superjet delays) (in Russian). vremya.ru, 8 July 2008.
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  27. ^ Lake 2010, p. 59.
  28. ^ "Superjet engines slice and dice birds." rt,com, 1 June 2010.
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  36. ^ "Superjet Receives Initial Type Certificate" Aviation Week, 3 February 2011. Retrieved: 3 February 2011.
  37. ^ Sukhoi Superjet 100 gets Type Certificate from EASA Superjet International.com, 3 February 2012.
  38. ^ Russia unveils new passenger jet Reuters, 26 September 2007.
  39. ^ "Sukhoi Superjet systems can make up for any pilot mistake; UAC chief." Russia Today, 20 April 2011.
  40. ^ a b "Regional aircraft for international market." Russia & CIS Observer, 19 July 2010.
  41. ^ "Russian industry special: New start for Sukhoi." FlightGlobal, 13 August 2007.
  42. ^ "SaM146." powerjet.aero. Retrieved: 8 September 2011.
  43. ^ a b c Pyadushkin, Maxim. "Celebrating the 100th anniversary: The Sukhoi Superjet 100 makes its debut at Le Bourget." Russia & CIS Observer, Volume 2, Issue 25, 20 June 2009. Retrieved: 9 November 2010.
  44. ^ Pyadushkin, Maxim. "Right up there: Superjet 100 program needs more money to complete the certification." Russia & CIS Observer, Volume 4, Issue 27, 4 January 2009. Retrieved: 9 November 2010.
  45. ^ New Orders but No Lift for Superjet The Moscow Times, 27 July 2010.
  46. ^ "Superjet-100 order book hikes by 50%." Russia Today, 16 June 2009.
  47. ^ "Sukhoi Superjet 100." thalesgroup.com. Retrieved: 9 November 2010.
  48. ^ Liebherr-Aerospace and Sukhoi Civil Aircraft signed Superjet 100 contracts[dead link‍]
  49. ^ http://www.aex.ru/news/2012/4/3/93996/
  50. ^ Agreement for 30 Sukhoi Superjet 100, Plus 15 Options with Pearl Aircraft Corporation Superjet International.
  51. ^ Superjet kicks off Alitalia regional jet contest Flightglobal 7 October 2010.
  52. ^ "Willis Lease Corporation." willislease.com. Retrieved: 9 November 2010.
  53. ^ Mexico's Interjet signs $650 mln deal for Russia's Superjet planes, RIAN, 17 January 2011.
  54. ^ Mexico's Interjet orders 15 Superjets, FlightGlobal, 17 January 2011.
  55. ^ Sukhoi Civil Aircraft Company has got one order for 12 SSJ100 for PT Sky Aviation[dead link‍], Superjet100.com, 21 June 2011.
  56. ^ SuperJet International signs an order with Blue Panorama Airlines worth USD 370 million, SuperJet International, 2011-06-22
  57. ^ http://www.uacrussia.ru/en/press/shows_actions/index.php?id4=756
  58. ^ http://www.uacrussia.ru/en/press/shows_actions/index.php?id4=756
  59. ^ http://www.uacrussia.ru/en/press/shows_actions/index.php?id4=756
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Bibliography
  • Lake, Jon. "Russia's Regional Jet". Air International, Vol. 78, No. 5, May 2010, pp. 54–60. Stamford, UK: Key Publishing. ISSN 0306-5634.
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