Kildwick
| Kildwick | |
|---|---|
| Population | 191 (2001 Census) |
| OS grid reference | SE008461 |
| Civil parish |
|
| District | |
| Shire county | |
| Region | |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | KEIGHLEY |
| Postcode district | BD20 |
| Dialling code | 01535 |
| Police | North Yorkshire |
| Fire | North Yorkshire |
| Ambulance | Yorkshire |
| UK Parliament | |
Kildwick, or Kildwick-in-Craven, is a village and civil parish of the district of Craven in North Yorkshire, England. It is situated between Skipton and Keighley and has a population of 191.[1] Kildwick is a landmark as where the major road from Keighley to Skipton crosses the River Aire. The village's amenities include a primary school, church, post office and public house.
History
Etymology
The first known documentation of Kildwick's name is as Childeuuic in the Domesday Book. In Latin the digraph ch is pronounced /kʰ/ not /tʃ/ so its pronunciation was the same as it is now. The meaning of its name depends on whether it was named by the conquering Vikings or earlier in Old English. However we know of no evidence of the latter and other place-names hereabouts are predominately Old Norse.
- Kild. In Old Danish kilde means either a spring[2] like in Keld 70 km to the north, or a large smooth body of water like the River Aire at this point. Kelda has its roots in ketil cauldron from the Proto-Germanic language kiltham a vessel for nourishment. From the same root comes womb e.g., kilþei in Gothic, and thence Old English cild child or kin.
- Wick means a community settlement[3] from the etymological root of Proto-Indo-European weik meaning clan, c.f. Sanskrit vit settlement; Old Iranian vis clan, house, village.Cite error: The
<ref>tag has too many names (see the help page). In Proto-Germanic etymology wīc or vik developed several meanings: Kildwick could mean a river port like Greenwich or a trading place like Norwich,[4] however dairy farm does not apply for that meaning was only used in the south of England.[5]
Property
The Domesday Book of 1086 has the first record of Kildwick in writing. It lists the Lord of the Childeuuic manor as Arnkeld with c240 acres (100 hectares) of ploughland and an Anglo Saxon church. But William the Conqueror shortly deposed all the Angle-Dane lords and rewarded his great Norman warriors. Ruling over-all in Craven was Robert de Romille. In 1120 Robert's heir Cecilia de Romille, Lady of Skipton, founded an Augustine priory at Embsay near Skipton and endowed it with the manor/estate of Kildwick.[6] In 1153 the proprietors of Kildwick moved their priory to Bolton Abbey. From 1305 to 1313 Bolton Priory paid for the Bridge over the River Aire to be built in stone. They also built Kildwick Grange as a local residence.[6] In 1539 Henry VIII dissolved the monastery at Bolton and granted Kildwick manor to Robert Wilkinson and Thomas Drake of Halifax but granted the Church to Christ Church, Oxford. In 1549 Thomas Drake alienated the Manor to John Garforth of Farnhill. In 1558 the Garforths sold it all to the Currer family with whose lineal descendants it remains. [7]
Population
- 1379 Poll Tax recorded Kildwick township as having only 10 households, all paying the minimum tax.[8]: 44
- 1672 Hearth Tax counted 25 households in the township with mostly but one fireplace, but also the 14-hearthed manor house.
- 1821 parish registered 8,605 inhabitants.
- 1831 parish was 9,926 however township only 190.[9]
- 1881 the parish had been divided so district down to 8,923.
- 1891 district up to 9,859 but township down to 145.[8]: 20–21
St Andrew's Church
St Andrew’s is a historically significant church. Fragments of 9th century crosses have been excavated from its walls, evidence of the Anglo Saxon church built here before the Norman conquest. It was replaced by one of stone in the 12th century later. Cecilia de Romille gave the church to Bolton Priory in Wharfedale, the Manor of Kildwick coming under the jurisdiction of the Priors of Bolton. In 1318 the church building was badly damaged by Scottish raiders.[10]
In 1539 Henry VIII dissolved the monastery at and granted granted the Church to Christ Church, Oxford. In the reign of Henry VIII under the patronage of Christ Church] the church was almost entirely rebuilt.[7] During the 15th and 16th centuries the church was lengthened, with further extensions eastwards so that it is now one of the longest in Yorkshire hence known locally as 'The Lang Kirk of Craven'.
The church was restored in 1873 by the Lancaster partnership of Paley and Austin.[11] Many changes have taken place since then, with the last major reordering being carried out in the early 1900s.
Charlotte Brontë and other members of the Brontë family were acquainted with the church.
Kildwick Parish
Ancient Kildwick Parish was unusually large for it included the townships of Kildwick, Bradley Both, Cononley, Cowling, Holden, Eastburn, Farnhill, Glusburn, Ikornshaw, Silsden, Steeton, Sutton[12][13] and Stirton and Thorlby.[7]
| Location | curactes (120 acres/50ha) | other property | Taxpayer |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kildwick | 2 | 1 church | Archil |
| Eastburn | 3 | 2 oxgangs | Gamalbern |
| Cononley | 2 | Torchil | |
| Bradley | 7 | Archil, Torchil, Gamel | |
| Farnhill | 2 | Gamel | |
| Sutton | 2 | Ravenchil | |
| Steeton | 3 | was Gamalbern now Gilbert Tison | |
| Glusburn | 3 | was Gamalbern now Gilbert Tison | |
| Glusburn | 3 | was Gamalbern now William de Percy | |
| Silsden | 8 | five Thanes of Osbern de Arches |
In the mid 19th century the advent of mills caused rapid growth of some of the townships. It became anomalous for residents of those expanding towns to have to travel to a tiny village to be baptised, married and buried. In consequence the parish was divided, for example on the other side of the River Aire Sutton-in-Craven was constituted as a separate ecclesiastical district in 1869 and built its own parish church. However adjacent Cross Hills is still in the parish of Kildwick.
Transport
Road
Kildwick is a landmark in Craven being the point at which the main road from Keighley to Skipton crosses the River Aire. Kildwick is made a natural crossing place by the spur of land from Crosshills that dramatically narrows a wide valley prone to flooding. This spur is a first river terrace deposit of silt and sand with gravel lenses. It has been enlarged downstream by about 60 acres (25ha) of made ground.[14]
-
Kildwick Bridge west side built 1305-1313 with ribbed vaulting -
Kildwick Bridge east side built 1780 -
Below the bridge after days of heavy rain -
The River Aire flooding above the bridge
From 1305 to 1313 Bolton Abbey paid for "Aire-brigg" to be built in stone[15] however wooden bridges had existed there many centuries before that.[16] The bridge a Kildwick is the first stone bridge recorded in Craven and the oldest bridge in Airedale.
The Keighley and Kendal Turnpike Trust operated from 1752 to 1878. It was promoted by woolen manufacturers who expected transportation costs to be greatly reduced because carriages on good roads need half the number of horses required for carrying packs. It was built to a standard width of 7 yards of which 5 were metaled.
In 1780 the bridge was widened for the Turnpike and is structurally two bridges standing side‐by‐side. The upstream side with ribbed vaulting and two pointed arches is the 14th century original. The downstream side has only plain round arches.
In 1823 the Blackburn Addingham road opened. Six stagecoaches a day passed through the area. However the Keighley Kendal Road proved a commercial failure and ceased in debt in 1878. The roads passed into the care of The County Council.
By 1968 the road traffic volume found such a bottleneck at the bridge and village it necessitated the building of the A629 and bridge to bypass it; completed in 1988[17]
Canal
Kildwick village is so close to the canal that they touch. In 1773 the Bingley to Skipton section was the first section of the Leeds-Liverpool Canal to be completed. By 1781 the canal joined Leeds to Gargrave, and in 1816 completed the link to Liverpool. It was of benefit for transport of supplies and goods from the textile Mills the other side of the river
-
The Leeds-Liverpool Canal at Kildwick -
Houses by the canal -
Going beneath the canal -
Canal footbridge to Farnhill
Rail
In 1847 the Leeds and Bradford Extension Railway opened its Shipley to Skipton section through Kildwick and Crosshills railway station. Kildwick was thus served by rail until the station was closed in 1965. Steeton is the nearest station.
Main sights
-
The war memorial and the White Lion -
Kildwick Hall -
The start of the Kildwick Moor footpaths
Notable people
- John Webster (alias Johannes Hyphastes) (1610–1682), clergyman and physician, became curate at Kildwick in 1634.
- Stephen Barrett (1718–1801), teacher of classics, was born at Bent, in the parish of Kildwick.
- Henry Mosley (1852–1933), first-class cricketer, was born in Kildwick.
- Clare Teal (1973-), English jazz singer, was born in Kildwick.
References
- ^ Neighbourhood Statistics - Kildwick CP (Parish). URL accessed 25 April 2008.
- ^ Henry Harrison, Surnames of the United Kingdom: A Concise Etymological Dictionary, 1996.
- ^ Lambert, Tim. The origins of some English place names Localhistories.org. Retrieved 15 August 2010
- ^ GenWiki Genealogy.net Retrieved 15 March 2012.
- ^ The Century dictionary and cyclopedia. Vol 10, William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin Eli Smith. Century Co. 1909.
- ^ a b John Murray (1904) Handbook for Yorkshire Accessed 10 January 2012
- ^ a b c Genuki, The Ancient Parish of Kildwick Accessed 10 January 2012
- ^ a b Harry Speight (892) Craven and North-west Yorkshire highlands Accessed 10 January 2012
- ^ Pigot's Directory 1834 Accessed 15 January 2012
- ^ Harry Overend (2003) Kildwick Parish Church Accessed 10 January 2012
- ^ Price, James (1998), Sharpe, Paley and Austin: A Lancaster Architectural Practice 1836–1942, Lancaster: Centre for North-West Regional Studies, p. 83, ISBN 1-86220-054-8
- ^ Whitaker, Thomas Dunham, The Parish of Kildwick. pp 207-221 of The History and Antiquities of the Deanery of Craven pdf. Published by Skipton Castle. Accessed 19 June 2012.
- ^ Whitaker, Thomas Dunham, The History and Antiquities of the Deanery of Craven in the County of York, Historical Print Editions, British Library, ISBN 1241342695
{{citation}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|1=(help) - ^ British Geological Survey, England and Wales Sheet 69: Bradford, solid and drift edition 1:50000 series, published 2000
- ^ Roy Mason (15 March 1980). "Bridge that was built to last". Bradford Telegraph and Argus.
- ^ The History of Kildwick Church by Rev Brereton 1909 The original book scanned and put online by St Andrew’s Church
- ^ Graham Taylor From Keighley to Skipton – a journey of 1900 years Accessed 6 January 2012
External links
- The Ancient Parish of Kildwick: Historical extracts and Links collected by Genuki
- Lang Kirk 21 Blog
- Brontë Parsonage Museum in Haworth, Yorkshire
- Brontë Parsonage Blog
- Online editions of Charlotte Brontë's works
- Works by Charlotte Brontë at Project Gutenberg