Kuala Lumpur International Airport
Kuala Lumpur International Airport Lapangan Terbang Antarabangsa Kuala Lumpur 吉隆坡国际机场 கோலாலம்பூர் பன்னாட்டு வானூர்தி நிலையம் | |||||||||||||||
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| File:KLIA Logo.png | |||||||||||||||
 The KLIA control tower and part of the airport | |||||||||||||||
| Summary | |||||||||||||||
| Airport type | Public | ||||||||||||||
| Owner | Government of Malaysia | ||||||||||||||
| Operator | Malaysia Airports (Sepang) Sdn Bhd | ||||||||||||||
| Serves | Kuala Lumpur, West Malaysia | ||||||||||||||
| Location | Sepang, Selangor, West Malaysia | ||||||||||||||
| Opened | 27 June 1998 | ||||||||||||||
| Hub for | |||||||||||||||
| Built | 27 June 1998 | ||||||||||||||
| Elevation AMSL | 71 ft / 21 m | ||||||||||||||
| Website | www.klia.com.my flight.klia.com.my | ||||||||||||||
| Map | |||||||||||||||
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| Runways | |||||||||||||||
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| Statistics (2011) | |||||||||||||||
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Kuala Lumpur International Airport (KLIA) (IATA: KUL, ICAO: WMKK) is Malaysia's main international airport and is also one of the major airports of South East Asia, giving it huge, even multinational, catchment area. It is about 50 kilometres (31 mi) from Malaysia's capital, Kuala Lumpur. The airport is in the Sepang district of southern Selangor state. KLIA's construction cost RM8.5 billion or US$3.5 billion.[1]
The airport can currently handle 35 million passengers and 1.2 million tonnes of cargo a year. In 2010, it handled 34,087,636 passengers; in 2011 it handled 669,849 metric tonnes of cargo. It was ranked the 14th busiest airport in the world by international passenger traffic, and is the 5th busiest international airport in Asia. It was ranked the 29th busiest airport by cargo traffic in 2010.[2] The Bernama News Agency reported a modest growth in traffic in the first six months of 2011, with an almost 13% increase from 16.2 million to 18.3 million passengers.
The airport is operated by Malaysia Airports (MAHB) Sepang Sdn Bhd and is the major hub of Malaysia Airlines, MASkargo, AirAsia, and AirAsia X.
History
Background
The ground breaking ceremony for Kuala Lumpur International Airport (KLIA) took place on 1 November 1991 when the government decided that the existing Kuala Lumpur International Airport, officially then known as Subang International Airport (now Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah Airport) could not handle future demand. The 4th Prime Minister of Malaysia's Tun Doctor Mahathir Bin Mohamad instigated the project as part of the development of the Multimedia Super Corridor a grand development plan for the nation.
Upon KLIA's completion, Subang International Airport's Terminal 1 building was demolished. Malaysia Airports agreed to redevelop the remaining Terminal 3 to create Subang International Airport a specialist airport for turboprop and charter planes surrounded by a residential area and a business park.
The IATA airport code KUL was inherited from Subang International Airport, which currently handles only turboprop aircraft, general aviation and military aircraft. Subsequently, Subang International Airport's IATA code was changed to SZB.
Current Site
The airport's site spans 100 km2,[1] of former agricultural land and is one of the world's largest airport sites. An ambitious three-phase development plan anticipates KLIA to have five runways and two terminals each with two satellite terminals.[3] Phase One involved the construction of the main terminal and one satellite terminal, giving a capacity of 25 million passengers, and two full service runways. The Phase One airport had sixty contact piers, twenty remote parking bays with eighty aircraft parking positions, four maintenance hangars and fire stations. Phase Two, designed to increase capacity to 35 million passengers per year is largely complete. Phase Three is anticipated to increase capacity to 100 million passengers per year.[3]
Kuala Lumpur International Airport was officially building of construction on 1 February 1993.
Kuala Lumpur International Airport was officially completed to passed on 1 January 1995.
Kuala Lumpur International Airport was officially opened to public on 1 January 1996.
Kuala Lumpur International Airport was officially excellent to renovated on 1 July 1996.
Kuala Lumpur International Airport was officially inaugurated by the 10th Yang di-Pertuan Agong's Duli Yang Maha Mulia Almarhum Tuanku Ja'afar ibni Almarhum Tuanku Abdul Rahman on 27 June 1998 at 8:30 pm as moment of reckoning as the new airport it sparkling like a fairyland and visible from as far as 15-kilometre away of beckoned the 1500-spectators who came to witness in 25,000 workers a 24-hours in daily built the airport within four and half years at opening a week ahead of Hong Kong International Airport it was officially closing ceremonies by the 10th Yang di-Pertuan Agong's Duli Yang Maha Mulia Almarhum Tuanku Ja'afar ibni Almarhum Tuanku Abdul Rahman based in Subang 3-days later on 30 June 1998 in time for the 1998 Commonwealth Games. The first domestic arrival was Malaysia Airlines flight MH1263 from Kuantan (Kuantan Airport) at 7:10 am. The first international arrival was Malaysia Airlines flight MH188 from Malé International Airport at 7:30 am. The first domestic departure was Malaysia Airlines flight MH1432 to Langkawi (Langkawi International Airport) at 7:20 am; the first international departure was Malaysia Airlines flight MH84 to Beijing (Beijing Capital International Airport) at 9am.[4]
Inauguration
The inauguration of the airport was marked with problems. Aerobridge and bay allocation systems broke down, queues built up throughout the airport and baggage handling broke down. Bags were lost and there were waits of over five hours.[5] Most of these issues were remedied eventually, though baggage handling system was plagued with problems until it was put up for a complete replacement tender in 2007.
The airport suffered greatly reduced traffic with the general reduction in economic activity brought about by the East Asian financial crisis, SARS, bird flu epidemic (Avian flu), the global financial crisis and the swine flu pandemic. 1998 saw a reduction of passenger numbers some airlines, including All Nippon Airways, British Airways, Lufthansa (later reinstated) and Northwest Airlines, terminated their loss making services to KLIA. KLIA's first full year of operations in 1999, in its Phase One manifestation (capacity of 25 million passengers per year), saw only 13.2 million passengers.[6] Passenger numbers eventually increased to 21.1 million in 2004 and 23.2 million in 2005 — though short of the originally estimated 25 million passengers per year by 2003.
Operations and infrastructure
| Infrastructure | ||
|---|---|---|
| Passenger terminal buildings | ||
| Totals | (current) | (After LCCT Relocation) |
| Floor area | 514,694 m2 | 692,627 m² |
| Handling capacity | 40 million passengers | 70 million passengers |
| Parking bays | 46 (aerobridge) 68 (contact) 21 (remote) |
LCCT Relocation Plan yet to be unveiled |
| Main Terminal Building 1 & Contact Pier | ||
| Opened | 27 June 1998 (operational) | |
| Floor area | 336,000 m2 | |
| Handling capacity | 5 million passengers per annum | |
| Parking bays | 20 (aerobridge) 23 (remote) | |
| Satellite Terminal A | ||
| Opened | 27 June 1998 (operational) | |
| Floor area | 143,404 m2 | |
| Handling capacity | 20 million passengers per annum | |
| Parking bays | 26 (aerobridge) 15 (remote) | |
| Low Cost Carrier Terminal | ||
| Opened | 23 March 2006 (operational) | |
| Floor area | 35,290 m2 | |
| Handling capacity | 15 million | |
| Parking bays | 30 | |
| KLIA 2[7] | ||
| Opening on | April 2013 | |
| Floor area | 242,000 m2 | |
| Handling capacity | 45 million | |
| Parking bays | 68 | |
| Bunga Raya Complex | ||
| Opened | 27 June 1998 (official) | |
| Floor area | ||
| Handling capacity | ||
| Parking bays | 1 | |
KLIA features a number of modern design features that assist in efficient operation of the airport. It is one of the first Asia Pacific airports to become 100% BCBP (Bar Coded Boarding Pass) capable – one of several IATA Simplifying the Business (StB) projects now live at the airport in collaboration with Malaysian Airlines and SITA.[8] AirAsia, a Malaysian passenger airline;[9] MASkargo, a cargo airline;[10] and Malaysia Airports, the Malaysian Airport authority; are headquartered on the property of KLIA.[11]
Terminals
The Passenger Terminal Complex (PTC) was built with an emphasis on allowing natural light into the building. Thus, there is a huge expanse of glass throughout the building, and the spectacular roof has cut-outs for natural light to filter in. The PTC comprises three buildings – the Main Terminal Building, the Satellite Building and the Contact Pier. Besides the 80-room hotel at the Satellite Building, there is a 450-room 5-star Pan Pacific KLIA hotel a 10 minute (indoor) walk away. Shopping spots are available in an area encompassing 85,000 square metres. Currently, the retail space at the Kuala Lumpur International Airport stands at 63,644 square metres (685,060 sq ft). The airport operator plans to increase the retail space to 103,251 square metres (1,111,380 sq ft), an 62.2% increase in retail space. Malaysia Airports's retail arm Eraman will boost retail shops to 277 from 242 and add more food and beverage outlets to 99 from 88 presently.[12]
As there are international flights operating out from the airport, therefore terminals of the airport are equipped with immigration processing facilities and security scanning for all passengers including domestic passengers. The Satellite terminal handles most of the international flights, while the main terminal building's contact pier handles domestic traffic, regional international flights and international flights routed to other hubs within Malaysia. Malaysia Airlines operate from both terminals, where main terminal building's contact pier is their preferred terminal for domestic flights. Conversely, low cost carries such as AirAsia Group of Airlines, Tiger Airways and Cebu Pacific operates domestic and international flights out of the low cost carrier terminal.[13]
The initial passenger growth was below average due to Asian Financial Crisis and the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemic in 2003 and the airport failed to reach its target capacity of 25 million passengers per annum (before the inclusion of low cost carrier terminal) by 2004. However, the recovery of Malaysia's economy boosted Kuala Lumpur International Airport's passenger movements, and the airport saw significant growth in traffic, hitting the 25 million passenger mark in 2007. In January 2008, the airport saw a growth of 8.3% in aircraft movements and 7.7% in passenger traffic to 2.17 million in January 2008 from 2.02 million in the same period last year.[14]
Main terminal building and contact pier
The Main terminal building or Terminal 1 is located in between the two runways. The floor area of the terminal covers 336,000 square metres and the building consists of 39 square roof units, which enables future expansion of the building. There are a total of 216 check-in counters, located in 6 different islands, identified by the letters A – M (excluding I). Multi check-in services are available, designed for the use of all passengers arriving, departing or in transit. On 2 February 2007, Malaysia Airports introduces 12 integrated self check-in kiosks (CUSS) for passengers. The first airline to use that system is KLM.[15] A further 24 kiosks will be added later by the airport operator[16][17]
The contact pier is the rectangular-shaped terminal that is connected to the Main Terminal Building. It serves as the domestic terminal for Malaysia Airlines. Some international flights are handled there as well. Previously it used to cater to low-cost carriers' passengers. At the north side of the pier, it can only accommodate narrow-bodied aircraft. In contrast, the south side of the contact pier can accommodate Boeing 737 and Boeing 747 or similar sized aircraft.
The Malaysia Airports Holding Berhad derives 65% of its total annual revenue from non-aeronautical sources, with 35% from commercial space rental and a percentage of sale receipts [citation needed]. There were plans to increase and maximize the Main Terminal Building's and Contact Pier's retail area however, the plan was postponed due to Visit Malaysia Year 2007.[18]
The gates in Main Terminal Building's contact pier has alphabet prefix of A and B for domestic flights, and G and H for international flights.
Satellite terminal A
The 143,404 square metres (1,543,590 sq ft) satellite building accommodates international flights departing and arriving at KLIA. Passengers have to travel to the satellite building via the Aerotrain. There is a wide array of duty-free shops and prestige brand boutiques in the satellite building. This includes international brands such as Burberry, Harrods, Montblanc, Salvatore Ferragamo and recently, Mango has opened its first boutique at an airport in the Asian region. Among all international labels available within the terminal, some boutiques such as Harrods are only available in the airport. Liquor and perfumes are particularly popular, accounting for over half of total retail sales, followed by watches and tobacco products[citation needed]. A number of restaurants and international airlines' lounges are available as well as an Airside Transit Hotel.
Within the terminal, wireless internet (Wifi) is provided free of charge. The terminal also has prayer rooms, showers and massage service. Various lounge areas are provided, some including children's play areas and movie lounge, broadcasting movie and sport channels such as HBO, MAX and FOX Movies Premium.[19] The terminal also features a natural rainforest in the middle of the terminal, exhibiting the Malaysian forests.
Under Malaysia Airports Berhad retail optimisation plan, the retail space in satellite terminal A will be further optimized to increase its revenue derived from commercial space rental and a percentage of sale receipts to 50% by year 2010 which currently stands at 35%. Some notable improvements that will be seen after the refurbishments will be the Jungle Boardwalk which will be the first of its kind in the world and larger mezzanine floor to accommodate F&B outlets and viewing galleries.[20]
The gates in Satellite Terminal A have the prefix C.The Satellite A terminal has 27 boarding gates altogether.
Low Cost Carrier Terminal (LCCT)
The Low Cost Carrier Terminal (LCCT) was opened at KL International Airport to cater to the growing passengers of the low cost airlines, especially the passengers of Malaysia's "no-frills" airline, AirAsia. Construction of the LCC Terminal was on a fast-track basis beginning June 2005 at an approximate cost of RM 108 million.[21] Prior to its operation as a terminal for low cost airlines, the LCCT was used for cargo purposes. It is intended that it will return to this usage once the new budget terminal, KLIA 2, is opened in October 2012.[22]
The 35,290 square-meter terminal is designed and built to suit the low cost carrier business model that requires only basic terminal amenities. In order to offer lower landing fees, handling fees and airport taxes, it cuts back on amenities such as aerobridges, rail connectivity, elaborate physical structures and decorations in the passenger terminal building. There is no transfer facility to the main terminal. Passengers who need to make transfers need to clear immigration, collect their luggage, clear customs, make their way to the main terminal and re-checkin with the respective airline.
LCCT is located on the opposite side of the apron from the Main Terminal Building, near the air cargo area. By road, LCCT is about 20 km from the Main Terminal Building. The 'terminal' name is somewhat of a misnomer, as it has caused controversy and confusion, many passengers have missed flights expecting it to be linked with KLIA, when, in fact, it acts as a de facto separate airport.
However, the current Low Cost Carrier Terminal is a temporary solution for the increasing demand of no-frills airline passengers. Therefore, Malaysia Airports Holding Berhad has incorporated the plans to build a new permanent LCC terminal which can accommodate 30 million passengers per year.[23] In the mean time, the airport operator decided to expand the current terminal to keep up with the increasing demand. The new arrival hall was first open on 15 December 2008.[24] This airport was the first airport to have separation between normal carriers and low cost carrier.
The terminal is due to be replaced by the new low cost carriers terminal, KLIA2 when the terminal comes online on April 2013.
The gates in LCCT have alphabet prefix of P for domestic departures and T for international departures.
KL City Air Terminal
KL City Air Terminal, sometimes known as Kuala Lumpur City Air Terminal or KL CAT located at KL Sentral is a virtual extension of KL International Airport where city check-in services are provided. KL City Air Terminal is recognized by International Air Transport Association which carries IATA designation XKL. Currently there are only 4 airlines providing city check-in services, they are Cathay Pacific, Emirates Airline, Malaysia Airlines and Royal Brunei Airlines. However, the situation is due to be changed as 10 SITA's AirportConnect CUTE (Common Use Terminal Equipment) were installed on 10 check-in desks in KL CAT that enables all airlines to offer city check-in service for their passengers.[25] Apart from providing check-in services, the virtual terminal operator, Express Rail Link Sdn Bhd which operates KLIA Express is planning to roll out baggage check-out service in January 2008 whereby passengers only collect their baggage and declare taxable items in Kuala Lumpur City Air Terminal.[26]
Airlines and destinations
Passenger
| Airlines | Destinations | Terminal |
|---|---|---|
| Air Astana | Almaty | Satellite |
| Air China | Beijing-Capital [ends 9 October 2012] | Satellite |
| Air India | Delhi [begins 1 August 2012] | Satellite |
| Air India Express | Chennai, Tiruchirapalli | Satellite |
| Air Koryo | Pyongyang | Satellite |
| Air MauritiusNote 1 | Mauritius, Shanghai-Pudong | Satellite |
| AirAsia | Alor Setar, Balikpapan, Banda Aceh, Bandar Seri Begawan, Bandung, Bangkok-Don Mueang [begins 1 October 2012][27], Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi [ends 30 September 2012], Bangalore, Bintulu, Chiang Mai, Chennai, Clark, Cochin, Colombo, Da Nang, Denpasar/Bali, Guangzhou, Guilin, Hanoi, Hat Yai, Ho Chi Minh City, Hong Kong, Jakarta-Soekarno-Hatta, Johor Bahru, Kolkata, Kota Bharu, Kota Kinabalu, Krabi, Kuala Terengganu, Kuching, Labuan, Langkawi, Macau, Makassar, Medan, Miri, Padang, Palembang, Pangkalpinang [Begins 1 Agustus 2012], Pekanbaru, Penang, Phnom Penh, Phuket, Sandakan, Semarang, Shenzhen, Sibu, Siem Reap, Singapore, Solo [ends 2 September 2012][28], Surabaya, Surat Thani, Tawau, Tiruchirapalli, Vientiane, Yangon, Yogyakarta | LCCT |
| AirAsia X | Beijing-Capital, Chengdu, Gold Coast, Hangzhou, Kathmandu, Melbourne, Osaka-Kansai, Perth, Seoul-Incheon, Sydney, Taipei-Taoyuan, Tehran-Imam Khomeini, Tokyo-Haneda | LCCT |
| AirAsia Philippines | Clark | LCCT |
| Airphil Express | Manila | LCCT |
| Bangkok Airways | Koh Samui | Satellite |
| Biman Bangladesh Airlines | Dhaka | Satellite |
| Cathay Pacific | Hong Kong | Satellite |
| Cebu Pacific | Manila | LCCT |
| China Airlines | Kaoshiung [ends 1 September 2012], Taipei-Taoyuan | Satellite |
| China Eastern Airlines | Shanghai-Pudong. Zhengzhou | Satellite |
| China Southern Airlines | Guangzhou | Satellite |
| EgyptAir | Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi, Cairo | Satellite |
| Emirates | Dubai, Melbourne | Satellite |
| Etihad Airways | Abu Dhabi | Satellite |
| EVA Air | Taipei-Taoyuan | Satellite |
| Garuda Indonesia | Jakarta-Soekarno-Hatta | Satellite |
| Indonesia AirAsia | Bandung, Denpasar/Bali, Jakarta-Soekarno-Hatta, Medan, Surabaya | LCCT |
| Iran Air | Mashhad, Tehran-Imam Khomeini | Satellite |
| Japan Airlines | Tokyo-Narita | Satellite |
| Jetstar Asia Airways | Singapore | Satellite |
| KLM | Amsterdam, Jakarta-Soekarno-Hatta | Satellite |
| Korean Air | Seoul-Incheon | Satellite |
| Kuwait Airways | Jakarta-Soekarno-Hatta, Kuwait | Satellite |
| Lion Air | Jakarta-Soekarno-Hatta | Satellite |
| Lufthansa | Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi, Frankfurt | Satellite |
| Mahan Air | Mashhad, Shiraz | Satellite |
| Malaysia Airlines | Alor Star, Bintulu, Johor Bahru, Kota Bharu, Kota Kinabalu, Kuantan, Kuala Terengganu, Kuching, Labuan, Langkawi, Miri, Penang, Sandakan, Sibu, Tawau | Main |
| Malaysia Airlines | Adelaide, Amsterdam, Auckland, Bandar Seri Begawan, Bangalore, Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi, Beijing-Capital, Brisbane, Chennai, Colombo, Delhi, Denpasar/Bali, Dhaka, Frankfurt, Guangzhou, Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City, Hong Kong, Hyderabad, Istanbul-Atatürk, Jakarta-Soekarno-Hatta, Jeddah, Kathmandu [begins 1 September 2012], Kunming, London-Heathrow, Los Angeles, Male, Manila, Medan, Melbourne, Mumbai, Osaka-Kansai, Paris-Charles de Gaulle, Perth, Phnom Penh, Phuket, Seoul-Incheon, Shanghai-Pudong, Siem Reap, Singapore, Sydney, Taipei-Taoyuan, Tokyo-Narita, Xiamen, Yangon | Satellite |
| Mandala Airlines | Jakarta-Soekarno Hatta | LCCT |
| Myanmar Airways International | Yangon | Satellite |
| Nepal Airlines | Kathmandu | Satellite |
| Oman Air | Muscat | Satellite |
| Pakistan International Airlines | Karachi, Lahore, Peshawar | Satellite |
| Qatar Airways | Doha, Phuket | Satellite |
| Royal Brunei Airlines | Bandar Seri Begawan | Satellite |
| Royal Jordanian | Amman-Queen Alia, Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi | Satellite |
| Saudia | Jeddah, Madinah, Riyadh | Satellite |
| SilkAir | Singapore | Satellite |
| Singapore Airlines | Singapore | Satellite |
| SriLankan Airlines | Colombo, Singapore | Satellite |
| Thai AirAsia | Bangkok-Don Mueang [begins 1 October 2012], Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi [ends 30 September 2012], Phuket [begins 18 August 2012] | LCCT |
| Thai Airways International | Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi | Satellite |
| Tiger Airways | Singapore | LCCT |
| United Airways | Dhaka | Satellite |
| Uzbekistan Airways | Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi, Tashkent | Satellite |
| Vietnam Airlines | Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City | Satellite |
| Xiamen Airlines | Fuzhou, Xiamen | Satellite |
| Yemenia | Dubai, Jakarta-Soekarno-Hatta, Sana'a | Satellite |
| Zest Airways | Manila [begins 22 October 2012] | Satellite |
Note 1: Note 1 Although Air Mauritius's flight from Kuala Lumpur to Mauritius makes a stop in Singapore; Air Mauritius does not have traffic rights to transport passengers solely between Kuala Lumpur and Singapore.
Cargo
| Airlines | Destinations | Terminal |
|---|---|---|
| Cargolux | Baku, Chennai, Luxembourg, Singapore | Cargo |
| Cargo Garuda Indonesia | Jakarta-Soekarno-Hatta | Cargo |
| China Airlines Cargo | Chennai, Luxembourg, Penang, Taipei-Taoyuan | Cargo |
| China Cargo Airlines | Shanghai-Pudong | Cargo |
| DHL | Cargo | |
| EVA Air Cargo | Taipei-Taoyuan | Cargo |
| FedEx Express | Cebu, Guangzhou, Penang, Singapore, Tokyo-Narita | Cargo |
| Gading Sari | Jakarta-Halim | Cargo |
| Korean Air Cargo | Seoul-Incheon,Penang | Cargo |
| MASkargo | Amsterdam, Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi, Chennai, Colombo, Frankfurt, Ho Chi Minh City, Hong Kong, Jakarta-Soekarno-Hatta, Kota Kinabalu , Kuching, Manila, Osaka-Kansai, Penang, Shanghai-Pudong, Sharjah, Surabaya, Sydney, Taipei-Taoyuan, Tokyo-Narita | Cargo |
| Republic Express Airlines | Jakarta-Soekarno-Hatta | Cargo |
| TNT Airways | Cargo | |
| Transmile Air Services | Anchorage, Bangalore, Chennai, Hong Kong, Jakarta-Soekarno-Hatta, Johor Bahru, Kota Kinabalu, Kuching, Luik, Malmo, Manila, Medan, Mumbai, Nagoya, Osaka-Kansai, Penang, Riverside, Shanghai-Pudong, Shenzen, Singapore, Tokyo-Narita, Taipei-Taoyuan | Cargo |
| Tri-MG Intra Asia Airlines | Jakarta-Soekarno-Hatta | Cargo |
| UPS Airlines | Shenzhen, Osaka-Kansai, Tokyo-Narita, Hong Kong, Seoul-Incheon, Taipei, Manila, Bangkok, Mumbai, Anchorage, Los Angeles, Louisville, Atlanta, Chicago, Seattle, Dallas, Miami, New York-JFK/EWR, Vancouver, Toronto | Cargo |
Statistics
Statistics
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Ground transportation
Inter-terminal transportation
The main terminal and its satellite are well connected by an automated people mover (called Aerotrain). Each 250-person capacity train can transport 3,000 passengers per hour in each direction at up to 56 km/h (35mph). These three-car driverless trains run every five minutes on elevated rail and under the taxiways. The journey takes under two minutes.
Transport between the Main Terminal and the LCCT requires a 20km road journey, regularly plied by buses, though the government announced in November 2006 the approval in principle of a rail link between the Main Terminal and the LCCT. Construction was initially postponed until the LCCT was fully constructed (2010) and is still yet to commence.
On 25 November 2008, the train manufacturer and airport operator agreed to the 45 million euro addition of 3 new vehicles and a spur line to a new Operations, Maintenance and Storage Facility worth. The new system was expected to be fully functional by 2011.[29]
Rail
- Main articles: KLIA Express, KLIA Transit, KLIA ERL station, KL Sentral
Kuala Lumpur International Airport can be reached by the KLIA Express and the KLIA Transit train services. KLIA Express provides a non-stop express train service to the KL City Air Terminal (KL CAT) which has an IATA designation XKL, part of the Kuala Lumpur Sentral transportation hub in Kuala Lumpur. The non-stop trip between Kuala Lumpur and KLIA is 57 kilometers and takes exactly 28 minutes. Passengers departing from KL CAT can check in their luggage for flights on Emirates, Cathay Pacific, Royal Brunei Airlines and Malaysia Airlines. Whereas KLIA Transit is a high-speed commuter train service linking Kuala Lumpur Sentral, and the Kuala Lumpur International Airport ERL station. It shares the same tracks as the KLIA Express but with stops at three intermediate stations. Check-in facilities are not available at KLIA Transit stations. Passengers to/from Low Cost Carrier Terminal can reach KLIA ERL station by boarding the Feeder Bus provided,such as Skybus and Aerobus.
Another important feature at KLIA is the Aerotrain. The Aerotrain is completely automated and shuttles passengers between the main terminal building and satellite building. There are many benefits that the Aerotrain offers such as the short journey time, simplicity and fail-safe operation, and resistance against breakdown. The train system uses pneumatic rubber-typed wheels to provide comfort for the passengers riding on the train. The Tracked Transit System (TTS) connects to two stations. One station is in the center of the contact pier’s International level and one that is close to the center of the satellite terminal’s departure/arrival level. The TTS transports passengers over an elevated guideway that is 4,219 feet. It travels under the taxiways between the main terminal and satellite buildings. The Aerotrain operates between three to five minute intervals between terminal buildings. The total round trip time takes five minutes and five seconds with a maximum speed of 35 miles per hour. There are two three-car trains that are able to handle 5,805 passengers per hour each direction. Each train-car has a maximum capacity of 83 passengers. Automatic train control manages the operation of the entire Aerotrain system. They are in control of vehicle speeds, headways, stops and door opening in stations. They are able to integrate all functions that enhance the reliability and performance of the systems[30]
Taxis and limousine
Airport taxis or airport limousines are provided by Airport Limo. The taxis and limousines are readily available at the Taxi and Limousine counters. They run from airport itself to destinations in Klang Valley and Greater Klang Valley. The fares are to be paid at the counter and are charged according to the destinations' zone. A surcharge is applied for services between 12 a.m. to 5 a.m.
Bus
Both public and private buses connect KLIA to several points in Kuala Lumpur and beyond.
From Main Terminal
Airport Coach:
- To KL Sentral. Fare RM 10.00. Frequency every 30 minutes with less frequency past midnight.
From Low Cost Carrier Terminal (LCCT)
Skybus:
- To KL Sentral. Fare RM 9.00. Frequency every 30 minutes with less frequency past midnight.
- To Bandar Utama. Fare RM 15.00. 12 departures per day starting at 05.45AM with the last departure at 07.45PM.
Aerobus:
- To KL Sentral. Fare RM 8.00. Frequency every 30 minutes with less frequency past midnight.
- To Genting Highlands. Fare RM 35.00. 6 departures per day starting at 09.00AM with the last departure at 08.30PM
Expansion and developments
Plans
Under the new Kuala Lumpur International Airport Masterplan, a new runway and a new satellite building will be constructed to accommodate the increasing number of passengers. The airport Phase 2 development plan is to handle 40 million (
5 Million) passengers per year by 2008 with the expansion of low cost carrier terminal. For phase 3, the airport will expand to handle 75 million (35 million) passengers per annum with the construction of a new satellite terminal and replacement of current low cost carrier terminal with a new low cost carrier terminal that will be capable of handling 30 million passengers alone. Under Phase 4, the airport will be capable to handle 100 million passengers per annum by 2020.
With the slight modification of the masterplan, the future Terminal 2's satellite terminal will be combined into one satellite terminal. The expansion of Terminal 2's satellite terminal will be exactly the same as Terminal 1's satellite terminal, where initially the satellite terminal will have four arms, and another four arms when the terminal reached its capacity. There is sufficient land and capacity to develop facilities to handle up to 100 million passengers a year, five runways by the year 2020 and two mega-terminals, each linked with satellite terminals.[3] The airport's vicinity will include hiking trails for jet-lagged travelers, golf courses, convention center, a theme park, a shopping center, hotels, and a wetlands nature preserve. Sepang International Circuit, which hosts Formula One, A1 Grand Prix, Super GT, IndyCar Series and MotoGP races, is also nearby. There has also been a proposal for a monorail link to the F1 circuit. The development plan is due to be ready by April 2008.[31]
In November 2006, the Malaysian government announced that it had approved in principle the construction of a rail link between the main terminal building and the low-cost carrier terminal. Construction was scheduled to begin in 2007. There were however no details of which company would carry out the project, nor was there an indication that it would be directly connected to the existing airport high-speed train Express Rail Link.
| Summary of Kuala Lumpur International Airport Masterplan | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Phase | Year | Description | ||
| Phase 1 | 1998 | Initial Capacity of 25 million Passenger Per Annum | ||
| 2006 | Capable of Handling 35 million Passengers per annum with the construction of Low Cost Carrier Terminal | |||
| Phase 2 | 2008 | Expansion of Low Cost Carrier Terminal to accommodate 40 Million Passengers per annum. | ||
| Phase 3 | 2011 | New Low Cost Carrier Terminal will be constructed to accommodate additional 30 million (55 million) passengers Per Annum, Current Low Cost Carrier Terminal converted to cargo usage. | ||
| Not fixed | Satellite Terminal B will be constructed to handle maximum of 75 million passengers. (One terminal accompanied by 2 satellite terminal and one low cost carrier terminal) | |||
| Phase 4 | Not fixed | Terminal 2 and Satellite Terminal C will be constructed so that the airport is capable to handle 100 million passengers. | ||
Temporary Low Cost Carrier Terminal
| Operational Statistics[32] | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| |||
| Year | Passenger movements |
Airfreight movements (tonnes) |
Aircraft movements |
| 1998 | 6,524,405 | 156,641 | 64,123 |
| 1999 | 13,172,635 | 417,068 | 116,589 |
| 2000 | 14,732,876 | 510,594 | 109,925 |
| 2001 | 14,538,831 | 440,864 | 113,590 |
| 2002 | 16,398,230 | 527,124 | 127,952 |
| 2003 | 17,454,564 | 586,195 | 139,590 |
| 2004 | 21,058,572 | 651,747 | 164,483 |
| 2005 | 23,213,926 | 653,654 | 182,537 |
| 2006 | 24,570,385 | 677,446 | 183,869 |
| 2007 | 26,938,970 | 649,197 | 193,982 |
| 2008 | 27,529,355 | 667,495 | 209,681 |
| 2009 | 29,682,093 | 601,620 | 225,251 |
| 2010 | 34,087,636 | 697,015 | 244,179 |
| 2011 | 37,704,510 | 669,849 | 269,509 |
With an increasing number of passengers using the 'Low Cost Carrier Terminal '(LCCT), MAHB approved an expansion beginning early 2007 to accommodate more passengers as the current LCCT is nearly at full capacity. The expansion of LCCT also shows the support for launch of Malaysia's first long haul low cost carrier, AirAsia X by making the terminal able to accommodate wide-bodied aircraft that are used by AirAsia X[33] However, the Low Cost Carrier Terminal is a temporary solution for budget travellers, MAHB submitted a proposal to the Transport Ministry to build a new, permanent LCC hub in between the main terminal building and satellite building A to replace the present Low Cost Carrier terminal.[34]
The airport operator has announced that the construction works for the extension of LCCT will begin in March 2008 and expected to complete by December 2008. The capacity for the LCCT will increase from 10 million passengers a year to 15 million passengers a year. A proposal for a more permanent building to house a new LCCT has been submitted and expected to have a capacity for 30 million passengers a year. It is also expected that the new LCCT will be completed by April 2012.[35] It is expected that the current LCCT will be converted in to a cargo hub once the new terminal is completed.[36] The RM124 million LCCT expansion project tender was won by Fajarbaru Builder Group Bhd and construction work is expected to begin March 2008.[37] The new international arrival hall was opened on 15 December 2008 with expectation that the rest of the wing will be fully operational by March 2009.[24] The international departure hall was finally open on 18 March 2009 which expanded the handling capacity from 600 passengers at one time to 3200 passengers.[38]
klia2
Upon completion, klia2 will be the largest low cost carrier terminal in the South East Asia region with a total area of 257,000 square meters. There will be a total of 68 aircraft parking bay with departure gates for each parking bay allowing the new terminal to cater up to 45 million passengers annually. There will also be a third runaway which is located 1.4 km from the second runaway."KLIA2 Ready by April 2013".
To accommodate the overwhelming increase in passenger traffic at LCCT, limited service hotel chain Tune Hotels.com announced that it is on track to open a 222-room hotel at the terminal in by the first quarter of 2009.[39]
According to news reports, the MYR 2 billion terminal will be funded by the government as a part of the second economic stimulus package. The new terminal will be located 1.5 km from the current main terminal, will have 68 aircraft parking bays and a third runaway which is located 1.5 km from the second runaway. The new terminal is expected to be 242,000 square meter in size, with a retail space of 32,000 square meters. It will be able to accommodate 30 million passenger with provision to expand to 45 million passenger a year. There is also a possibility to include a rail extension for the Express Rail Link. The construction is expected to begin in mid-2009 and finish in Q4 2012. The terminal is slated to commence operations at the end Q1 2013.[40]
During an announcement to set up virtual hub in Middle East, AirAsia X has cited fear that the new Low-Cost Carrier Terminal might not be ready by 2011 as there is no sign of any construction work or even groundbreaking of the new LCCT. The existing LCCT will not be able to cope as there won't be enough parking bays as AirAsia X is poised to take delivery of 12 more A330 by 2011. If the fear were true, it would be another blow to AirAsia and AirAsia X expansion plans. This comes just days after the Malaysian government denied AirAsia X the rights to fly into Sydney and Seoul.[41][42]
On 15 July 2010, the was announced that Bina Puri with partner UEM Construction has won the tender to build the terminal for MYR 997.23 million. Construction works is expected to complete within 20 months.[43] The construction site is next to the Main Terminal Building / Bunga Raya Complex. The Express Rail Link will be extended beyond Bunga Raya Complex to the new terminal. Once completed, it will be called KLIA2 to reflect higher standard of design and materials, as opposed to the current LCCT, which will be demolished and revert to a cargo hub.
A380 Upgrades
The operator of Kuala Lumpur International Airport, Malaysia Airports Holding Berhad, had spent about RM135 million (approx US$39 million) to upgrade facilities at the KL International Airport (KLIA) in Sepang to accommodate the Airbus A380. Upgrading works started on 3 April 2006, and was completed by 28 May 2007. Works include the provision of shoulders on both sides of the two existing runways of 15 meters as well as the taxiways, building additional aerobridges at the three departure halls, namely C17, C27 and C37, and enhancing the mezzanine lounges for upper deck passengers of the aircraft at the departure halls. Emirates operates flights to Kuala Lumpur with the Airbus A380 commenced on 1 January 2012.[44]
Accidents and incidents
- In 2001, a Saudia Boeing 747 aircraft suffered nose damage as it entered a monsoon drainage ditch while being taxied from the hangar to the gate before a return flight to Saudi Arabia. None of the six crew members on board at the time were injured.
- 14 July 2007 – An aerobridge suddenly shifted downwards, damaging the door of a Malaysia Airlines Airbus A330 bound for Beijing. The aerobridge was not occupied at the time, and no passengers or crew were injured.[45]
- 15 October 2007 – A Palestinian national managed to hide in the landing nose gear of flight SQ119, from KLIA to Changi Airport, Singapore. He was discovered in Singapore as he fell 2.4 meters from the nose wheel after landing. Despite the cold, thin air during flight, the man survived but was apprehended in Singapore. KLIA authorities have yet to find the cause of the security breach.[46]
- 9 April 2008 – Armed robbers shot six people in a three-minute heist and walked away with RM 3.5 million in cash. The incident happened at 7.30 pm at Door 8 when two moneychangers and two security guards walking towards the gate were ambushed by six men from a BMW vehicle. Victims were seriously injured but in stable condition.[47]
- 9 January 2009 – A small fire broke out in the LCC terminal, shutting down the terminal for two hours and delaying 20 flights. The fire was caused by a welding spark in the construction area of the terminal.[48]
- 3 March 2011 – 56 flights at the KL International Airport KLIA were delayed after a bomb, believed to be from World War II, was found at the site of the KLIA II construction site.
Gallery
-
Pan Pacific Hotel at KLIA -
Skybridge from Main Terminal Building to Pan Pacific Hotel -
An Alternative View of the Satellite Terminal -
Baggage Claim Area -
Control Tower
References
- ^ a b "History of KLIA". 1998.
- ^ "30 Busiest Airport in the World". ACI Asia Pacific. 28 July 2009.[dead link]
- ^ a b c "Phases of KLIA". 1998.
- ^ "First Flights of Kuala Lumpur International Airport". Department of Civil Aviation KLIA Branch. 1998.
- ^ "KLIA's opening marked with problems". Lim Kit Siang Media Release. July,1998.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ "Passengers at Kuala Lumpur Airport up despite fewer airlines". Asian Economic News. 6, August 2001.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ http://www.washingtonpost.com/business/industries/malaysia-says-cost-of-new-budget-airport-to-double-to-12-billion-airasia-slams-overspending/2011/11/30/gIQAFcTMBO_story.html.
{{cite news}}: Missing or empty|title=(help); Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) [dead link] - ^ Check-In News, Analysis and Event. "Kuala Lumpur's StB vision". Retrieved 31 August 2010.
- ^ Chan Tien Hin. "AirAsia Has Record Drop on Loss, Analyst Downgrade." Bloomberg L.P.. 1 December 2008. Retrieved on 27 September 2009.
- ^ "Location Map." MASkargo. Retrieved on 22 February 2010. "Malaysia Airlines Cargo Sdn. Bhd. 1M, Zone C, Advanced Cargo Centre KLIA Free Commercial Zone, Southern Support Zone Kuala Lumpur International Airport 64000 Sepang Selangor, Malaysia "
- ^ "Contact Information." Malaysia Airports. Retrieved on 23 May 2011. "Malaysia Airports Holdings Berhad Malaysia Airports Corporate Office, Persiaran Korporat KLIA, 64000 KLIA, Sepang, Selangor."
- ^ "Non-airport businesses boost MAHB profit". BTimes. Retrieved 29 February 2008. [dead link]
- ^ "AAirAsia helps Kuala Lumpur towards 30 million; Singapore route soon to be fully liberalised". anna.aero. 10 October 2008.
- ^ "Passenger Movement At KLIA Up 7.7 Pct In January 2008". Bernama. Retrieved 18 March 2008. [dead link]
- ^ "KLIA Introduces Integrated Self Check In Kiosks for Benefits of Passengers". Air Transport News.
- ^ "Self Check In at KLIA". New Straits Times. Retrieved 21 August 2007. [dead link]
- ^ "KLIA partners with SITA to be the first fully integrated Airport in Asia". Retrieved 21 September 2005.
- ^ "KLIA retail space due to be optimized". The Star Business. Retrieved 13 March 2007.
- ^ "KLIA increase WiFi range". CAPA. Retrieved 19 February 2008.
- ^ "9 firms shortlisted for KLIA retail expansion project". NST. Retrieved 16 February 2008.
- ^ "KLIA LCCT". Malaysia Airports Berhad. Archived from the original on 25 February 2008. Retrieved 7 June 2008.
- ^ "KLIA 2 to open October 2012". Malay Mail. Retrieved 12 July 2011.
- ^ Chow how ban. "Work on permanent LCCT to start this year". The Star. Retrieved 3 April 2008.
- ^ a b Geetha Krishnan (9 December 2008). "LCCT international arrival hall ahead of schedule". The Star.
- ^ All Airlines can now offer city check-in in KL Sentral[dead link]
- ^ KL Sentral to offer check out baggage service
- ^ Wei, Lee. "Main - Business - Congestion drives AirAsia from Suvarnabhumi to Don Mueang @ Mon Jun 25 2012". Themalaysianinsider.com. Retrieved 2012-06-26.
- ^ http://www.btimes.com.my/articles/20120522135153/Article/
- ^ "Bombardier Consortium Awarded Contract for Expansion of Automated People Mover in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia". International Business Times. 25 November 2008.[dead link]
- ^ "Kuala Lumpur International". Kiat.net. Retrieved 19 April 2012.
- ^ "KLIA to have a Theme Park". The Star. Retrieved 8 January 2001.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|accessdate=(help) - ^ Malaysia Airports Holding Berhad KLIA Operational Statistics
- ^ The Star. Once the expansion of LCCT is completed, it will be able to handle 15 million passengers per annum.Upgrade for LCCT next year. 8 November 2006
- ^ Proposal of new LCC Hub "New LCC Hub Proposed". The Star Malaysia. Retrieved 3 November 2007.
{{cite web}}: Check|url=value (help) - ^ "LCCT expansion to begin next month". The Edge Daily. Archived from the original on 4 February 2008. Retrieved 1 February 2008.
- ^ "LCCT may become cargo hub when new terminal is up". The Star Online. Retrieved 1 February 2008.
- ^ "Fajarbaru wins RM124m KLIA job". Business Times. Retrieved 25 March 2008.
- ^ "New LCCT departure hall opens". The Star. 18 March 2009.
- ^ "Business As Usual For Tune Hotels.com In 2009". Retrieved 5 January 2009.[dead link]
- ^ KLIA2
- ^ [1][dead link]
- ^ AirAsia X expanding despite flying rights halt
- ^ Jeeva Arulampalam (16 June 2010). "UEM-Bina Puri venture wins RM997m LCCT deal".
{{cite news}}: Text "publisher-Business Times" ignored (help) - ^ "MAHB upgrade KLIA to take in A380". NST. Retrieved 16 August 2006.
- ^ Aerobridge at KLIA Breakdown
- ^ Red faces over phantom stowaway[dead link]
- ^ "Robbers shoot six at KLIA, flee with RM3.5m". The Star. Retrieved 10 April 2008.
- ^ Rashita A. Hamid and M. Kumar (10 January 2009). "Small fire shuts down LCCT for two hours". The Star.
External links
