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Clipper card

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Clipper
File:Clippercard.jpg
LocationSan Francisco Bay Area
Launched2010
Technology
OperatorCubic Transportation Systems
ManagerMetropolitan Transportation Commission
CurrencyUSD ($300 maximum load)
Stored-valueClipper Cash
Credit expiryNone
Auto rechargeAutoload
Validity
Retailed
Variants
  • Youth Clipper Card[1]
  • Senior Clipper Card[1]
  • RTC Clipper Card[1]
  • Limited Use Muni Ticket[2]
WebsiteClippercard.com
The former TransLink card
An Add Value Machine for TransLink/Clipper cards, used to load electronic cash or transit passes.

The Clipper card is a reloadable contactless smart card used for electronic transit fare payment in the San Francisco Bay Area. First introduced as TransLink in 2002 by the Metropolitan Transportation Commission (MTC) as a pilot program, it was rebranded in its current form on 16 June 2010.[3]

History

In 1993, Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) and County Connection launched a pilot program named Translink (not to be confused with the later incarnation) that allowed the use of a single fare card between the two systems.[4] The card, which used magnetic stripe technology, was envisioned to one day include all Bay Area transit agencies. However, due to technical problems, the program was abandoned two years later.[4]

Translink had a projected capital cost of $4 million when undertaken in 1993.[4] In its current form, first as TransLink and later as Clipper, implementation was expected to cost $30 million.[5] Cost estimates have since increased; the projected 25-year capital and operations costs are now estimated at $338 million.[5]

Scheduled implementation delays have added up to more than a decade. In 1998, MTC envisioned full availability of TransLink by 2001.[6] However, it was fully operational for only five transit agencies by 2009.[7] As of December 2011, Clipper is accepted by eight transit agencies.[8]

Clipper was developed by Australian-based ERG Group and Motorola under the ERG-Motorola alliance in April 1999. However, upon the launch of Clipper, Cubic Transportation Systems has taken over administration of distribution, customer service, and financial settlement of the program.[9]

Full implementation of Clipper has been far slower than that of similar contactless smart cards, including the Oyster card and SmarTrip, chiefly due to bureaucratic difficulties.[10]

On June 16, 2010, MTC changed the TransLink name to Clipper.[11]

In October 2010, the MTC selected 路路通 (Pinyin: Lùlùtōng)[12][13] as the official Chinese name for Clipper.

Usage

Clipper is functional for eight transit agencies:[8]

Approximately 20 transit agencies have not yet joined Clipper, including ACE, County Connection, FAST, Santa Rosa CityBus, SolTrans, Sonoma County Transit, Tri-Delta Transit, VINE, WestCAT, and WHEELS.

Clipper cards can be remotely loaded with funds online and by telephone. Remote loading does not occur instantaneously; instead it takes up to three business days for funds to become available for use. Funds can be loaded instantaneously at Clipper service centers, Clipper add-value machines, BART ticket vending machines, and various retail outlets. Automatic loading of funds ("autoload") is also available.

Technology

Clipper utilizes a NXP Semiconductors MIFARE DESFire (MF3ICD40) integrated circuit to manufacture the card. The card operates on the 13.56 Mhz range putting it into the Near Field Communication category (rather than RFID, as is commonly misconceived). Because the card uses NFC technology, any NFC enabled Android cellphone can read the serial number, travel history, and current balance on the card.[14] However, data cannot be written to the card without the proper encryption key, preventing unauthorized access to funds on the card. The former Translink cards, while still functional on the fare system readers, do not conform for MIFARE and are unreadable by 13.56 Mhz readers.

Because Clipper operates in multiple geographical areas with sporadic or non-existent internet access, the fare collection and verification technology needs to operate without any networking. To accomplish this, the Clipper card memory keeps track of balance on the card, fares paid, and trip history. Unfortunately, this also means if funds are added to the Clipper account via the internet, funds will not show up on the clipper card until it has been scanned at an internet-enabled (or recently synchronized) device. Busses and other vehicles without internet access will have to return to a service station in order to synchronize with Clipper's servers. During synchronization, the payment collection device will upload to the server data about any fares collected, and will download information about new account balances. Riders who scan their card at a recently synchronized payment collection device will have their card updated to reflect their true account balance.

The waiting period between synchronizations may cause some cards to report lower funds than what is actually on its corresponding Clipper account. In order to alleviate this problem, Clipper allows riders to go up to -$11.25 on the card before funds need to be added, and/or the card needs to be scanned at an internet-enabled or recently synchronized device.

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c "Senior, youth and disabled discounts". Clipper card website. Retrieved 19 July 2012.
  2. ^ "Limited Use Muni Tickets". San Francisco Municipal Railway website. Retrieved 19 July 2012.
  3. ^ TransLink name changes to Clipper on June 16
  4. ^ a b "Metropolitan Transportation Commission Fund Management System" (Document). Metropolitan Transportation Commission. {{cite document}}: Unknown parameter |accessdate= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |url= ignored (help)
  5. ^ Bowman, Catherine (15 January 1998). "Multitransit Card Proposed". San Francisco Chronicle.
  6. ^ Gordon, Rachael (27 November 2007). "TransLink backers consider letting people pay for parking with card". San Francisco Chronicle.
  7. ^ a b "Use Clipper". Metropolitan Transportation Commission. Retrieved 8 December 2011.
  8. ^ "Cubic Supports Metropolitan Transportation Commission in Launching ClipperSM Card for San Francisco Bay Area". Retrieved 30 May 2011.
  9. ^ Mara, Janis (11 June 2009). "Bay Area universal transit card stalls". Contra Costa Times. p. 1. Retrieved 22 June 2009.
  10. ^ Cabanatuan, Michael (10 February 2010). "Translink, step aside". San Francisco Chronicle.
  11. ^ "ClipperSM Card Grows in Popularity and Reaches Out to Chinese Market". Metropolitan Transportation Commission. Retrieved 9 July 2011.
  12. ^ 李秀蘭 (8 October 2010). "公車儲值卡 中文名路路通". World Journal (in Chinese). Retrieved 9 July 2011.
  13. ^ Butler, Eric (7). "FareBot: Read data from public transit cards with your NFC-equipped Android phone". Retrieved 11 June 2012. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= and |year= / |date= mismatch (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
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