Self-coup
A self-coup (or autocoup) is a form of putsch or coup d'état in which a nation's leader, despite having come to power through legal means, dissolves or renders powerless the national legislature and unlawfully assumes extraordinary powers, not granted under normal circumstances. Other measures taken may include annulling the nation's constitution and suspending civil courts. In most cases the head of government becomes a dictator.
List of self-coups
- Ancient Rome: The Roman dictatorship was an established form of office during the Republican period, in which one person (a consul or ex-consul), during an emergency, had absolute power for six months. Lucius Cornelius Sulla and Julius Caesar, however, had dictatorship for a longer time; Caesar was named dictator perpetuo, or dictator-for-life, and was subsequently assassinated shortly after accepting this position.
- Dictator Lucius Cornelius Sulla (ca. 81 BC)[1]
- Governor, Consul or Dictator Julius Caesar (between 50 and 48 BC)[2]
- Maldives Vice President: Mohamed Waheed Hassan Manik (Feburary 7, 2012)
- Maldives Parliament Member: Mohamed Nihan Hussain Manik (Feburary 7, 2012)
- First Mexican Empire: Emperor Agustín (October 31, 1822)
- France: President Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte (December 2, 1851)
- Mexico: President Ignacio Comonfort (December 17, 1857)
- Brazil: President Deodoro da Fonseca (November 3, 1891)
- Mexico: President Gen. Victoriano Huerta (October 7, 1913)
- Italy: Prime Minister Benito Mussolini (January 3, 1925)
- Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes: King Alexander I (January 6, 1929)
- Germany: Chancellor Adolf Hitler (March 23, 1933)
- Austria: Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss (March 1933 - 1 May 1934)
- Uruguay: President Gabriel Terra (March 31, 1933)
- Estonia: Prime Minister Konstantin Päts (March 12, 1934)
- Latvia: Prime Minister Kārlis Ulmanis (May 15, 1934)
- Chile: President Arturo Alessandri Palma (February 1936)
- Greece: Prime Minister Ioannis Metaxas (August 4, 1936)
- Brazil: President Getúlio Vargas (November 10, 1937)
- Bolivia: President Maj. Germán Busch (April 24, 1939)
- Paraguay: President Gen. José Félix Estigarribia (February 18, 1940)
- Uruguay: President Alfredo Baldomir (February 21, 1942)
- Ecuador: President José María Velasco Ibarra (March 30, 1946)
- Paraguay: President Higinio Morínigo (January 13, 1947)
- Pakistan: Governor-General Malik Ghulam Muhammad (April 1953 and September 1954)
- Morocco: King Muhammad V (May 20, 1960)
- Nepal: King Mahendra (December 15, 1960)
- Brunei: Sultan Sir Omar Ali Saifuddin (December 12, 1962)
- Morocco: King Hassan II (June 7, 1965)
- Uganda: Prime Minister Milton Obote (February 22 and 23, 1966)
- Lesotho: Prime Minister Chief Leabua Jonathan (January 30, 1970)
- Ecuador: President José María Velasco Ibarra (June 22, 1970)
- Thailand: Prime Minister Field Marshal Thanom Kittikachorn (November 17, 1971)
- Philippines: President Ferdinand Marcos (September 21, 1972)
- South Korea: President Park Chung-hee (October 1972)
- Swaziland: King Sobhuza II (April 12, 1973)
- Uruguay: President Juan Maria Bordaberry (June 27, 1973)
- Upper Volta: President Gen. Sangoulé Lamizana (February 8, 1974)
- Bolivia: President Hugo Banzer (November 7, 1974)
- India: Prime Minister Indira Gandhi (June 25, 1975)
- Bahrain: Emir Sheikh Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa (August 26, 1975)
- Poland: Prime Minister Wojciech Jaruzelski (December 13, 1981)
- Peru: President Alberto Fujimori (April 5, 1992)
- Guatemala: President Jorge Serrano Elías (May 25, 1993; failed)
- Russia: President Boris Yeltsin (September 21 - October 4, 1993)
- Lesotho: King Letsie III (August 17, 1994)
- Nepal: King Gyanendra (October 4, 2002)
- Nepal: King Gyanendra (February 1, 2005)
- Pakistan: President Gen. Pervez Musharraf (November 3, 2007)
- Niger: President Mamadou Tandja (June 29, 2009)