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Aerolíneas Argentinas

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Aerolíneas Argentinas
Light blue and gray letters with a light blue condor at the top
IATA ICAO Call sign
AR[1] ARG[1] ARGENTINA[1]
Founded14 May 1949; 75 years ago (1949-05-14)
Commenced operations7 December 1950 (1950-12-07)
Hubs
Secondary hubs
Focus cities
Frequent-flyer programAerolíneas Plus
AllianceSkyTeam (2012)
Subsidiaries
Subsidiaries List
Fleet size33
Destinations56
Parent companyArgentine Government (99.4%)[2]
HeadquartersBuenos Aires, Argentina
Key people
Key People List
RevenueIncrease US$1,174.5 million (FY 2010) (incl. all subsidiaries)[6]
Net incomeIncrease –US$486 million (FY 2010) (incl. all subsidiaries)[6]
Websitewww.aerolineas.aero
East side of Torre Bouchard, where Aerolíneas Argentinas has its headquarters.

Aerolíneas Argentinas (Template:Lang-en), formally Aerolíneas Argentinas S.A.,[8] is Argentina's largest airline and serves as the country's flag carrier.[5][9] Owned in its majority by the Argentine Government,[2] the airline is headquartered in the Torre Bouchard, located in San Nicolás, Buenos Aires.[8][10]

Aerolíneas Argentinas Cargo, domestic airline Austral Líneas Aéreas, ramp service provider Aerohandling, cargo division JetPaq S.A., and tourism operator Optar S.A. are listed as Aerolíneas Argentinas subsidiaries.[11] The airline and its subsidiaries operates from two hubs, both located in Buenos Aires.[1] Operations of domestic and regional flights are concentrated at Aeroparque Jorge Newbery, which also serves as its operating base, whereas Ministro Pistarini International Airport is mainly used for international services, although some regional and few domestic services are operated as well.[12] The company provides free-of-charge transportation to those passengers that need to change from one airport to the other.[13]

The company does not currently participate in any airline alliance, although it is expected it will join SkyTeam in 2012.[14][15]

is the national flag carrier of Argentina

Early years to privatisation

The history of the airline can be traced back to 1929, when Compagnie Générale Aéropostale (Aéropostale) started airmail operations between Buenos Aires and Asunción; it later expanded its network to cities located in the Patagonia.[16] Frenchmen Antoine de Saint-Exupéry,[2] [citation needed] were among the first pilots that flew for the company. Argentine personnel occupied vacant posts left by the Frenchmen as they gradually withdrew from the airline,[16] and shortly after Aéropostale's Argentine subsidiary Aeroposta Argentina was formed. In 1947 this airline stepped into a mixed-stock company, in which the Government had a 20% stake and private investors held the balance.[16]

As Aeroposta expanded its network southwards and incorporated the Douglas DC-3 into its fleet, other three mixed-stock companies were present at that time: ALFA (Aviación del Litoral Fluvial Argentino) mainly operated flying boats northwards to the Mesopotamia, FAMA (Flota Aérea Mercante Argentina) operated overseas services with DC-4s as its mainstay equipment, and ZONDA (Zonas Oeste y Norte de Aerolíneas Argentinas) was mainly concerned with operations in the northwest region.[16] As these carriers started being unprofitable, all of them were amalgamated into a single state-owned company on 14 May 1949.[16][17][18] The state holding was officially rebranded as Aerolíneas Argentinas-Empresa del Estado, despite it was commonly known as Aerolíneas Argentinas, or simply Aerolíneas.[19] The four companies comprising the state holding ceased operations on 31 December 1949.[19]

Aerolíneas Argentinas started operations on its own on 7 December 1950.[20] In February 1950 (1950-02), almost ten months prior to the start of operations, five new Convairs were already acquired.[21] Key to the growth of the airline in the early years were Alfonso Aliaga García, and Dirk Wessel Van Layden —a former pilot of the French carrier Aéropostale—, who was influential in raising flying standards.

An Aerolíneas Argentinas DC-4 at Ministro Pistarini International Airport, c. 1958.

The DC-3 proved to be an invaluable asset for Aerolíneas Argentinas, as for many other airlines worldwide. It enabled the company to fly to domestic destinations that had hitherto been unreachable, and to keep flying the FAMA international network. As early as 1950 the Douglas DC-6 was incorporated into the fleet, and it was used to launch a once-a-week Buenos Aires–Rio de Janeiro–Natal–Dakar–Lisbon–Paris–Frankfurt service in late 1950.[22] Soon afterwards, Douglas DC-4s joined the fleet and services were inaugurated to Santiago de Chile, Lima, Santa Cruz, and São Paulo. By March 1953 (1953-03), the airline had a route network 35,000 miles (56,000 km) long, flown with a fleet of DC-3s, DC-4s, DC-6s, Convair-Liner 240s and Short Sandringhams.[23]

An Aerolíneas Argentinas de Havilland Comet 4 at Idlewild Airport in 1965.

The Comet had begun commercial jet services worldwide by the end of the 1950s, and the carrier once again set the pace among the South American airlines, when Aerolíneas' president A. Cdre. Juan José Güiraldes persuaded Argentina's President Arturo Frondizi to buy six of them, becoming the first overseas airline in ordering the type.[17][24] Being the first jetliner flown by Aerolíneas and named Las Tres Marías, the first of them landed at Ezeiza Airport on 2 March 1959.[25][26][27] With these jets, Aerolíneas Argentinas kept a steady growth during the 1960s, opening routes to London, Paris, Rome, and Madrid. The 1960s also saw the incorporation of the Avro 748 short-haul turboprop airliner, that had its maiden flight with the company on 15 February 1962 between Buenos Aires and Punta del Este; Aerolíneas was actually the launch customer for this type of aircraft.[19][28] Likewise, the Caravelle first flew for the carrier on the Buenos Aires–Santiago de Chile route on 1 April 1962.[19]

During the 1970s, the fleet saw the arrival of three different aircraft types from Boeing: the 727s, the 737s, and the 747s.[29][30][31] The incorporation of the Fokker F-28 into the fleet in the mid-1970s prompted the withdrawal of the last HS-748s, making the company to be the first South American airline in operating an all-jet aircraft park.[32] Amsterdam and Zurich were added to the network,[when?] while Frankfurt, Madrid and Rome became the first destinations to be served with the brand new 747s, starting January 1977 (1977-01).[33]

An Aerolíneas Argentinas Boeing 747-200B on approach to London Heathrow Airport in 1979.

The airline was assigned by law the monopoly of international operations in 1971.[34] This meant no other Argentine airline was able to operate international flights, let alone the already created Austral. The carrier therefore became the flag carrier of the country. The same law also assigned Aerolíneas Argentinas a 50% of the domestic market share.[34]

During the Falklands War in 1982, and for a short period later as well, the company was banned from flying through British airspace. There used to be a flight from London-Gatwick to Argentina's capital; however, because of the ban passengers bound to Argentina had to change planes at Madrid-Barajas.[35]

Another milestone for the company took place in June 1980 (1980-06), when the first scheduled service to fly over the South Pole was inaugurated, linking Buenos Aires with Hong Kong, with a stopover in Auckland.[36] Late that year, a second-hand Boeing 747SP was acquired from Braniff for US$51,000,000 (equivalent to $188,592,892 in 2023).[37] Also in 1980, and upon the acquisition of Austral by the Argentine government, both Aerolíneas Argentinas and Austral became government-owned, to the extent that some routes were simultaneously operated, even using similar equipment. However, there existed a state of continuous tension over salary differences between both companies that eventually led the Aerolíneas Argentinas' pilots to a three-week-long strike that started on 1 July 1986.[38] During this strike, the government leased pilots from the Argentine Air Force to operate some aircraft. Other companies took advantage from this situation and gained the market share Aerolíneas Argentinas lost, as domestic routes were operated by Austral, LADE and LAPA, and the government temporarily authorised foreign carriers to exploit the company's international routes.[39]

Privatisation: 1990-2008

An Aerolíneas Argentinas MD-88 on short final to London Gatwick Airport in 2002.

The privatisation of the company started being considered under the government of Raúl Alfonsín, when SAS was proposed to become a 40% shareholder of the state company.[40][41][42] This was firmly resisted by the Peronist opposition.[43][44] On 27 December 1989 the next government authorised the privatisation of the airline. On 21 November 1990 a consortium led by Iberia and Austral's owner Cielos del Sur S.A. acquired a 85% stake in Aerolíneas Argentinas,[44][45] which became the first major Argentine company to be privatised during the first presidence of Carlos Menem. Paradoxically, one of the first actions taken by the new Peronist government was to privatise the carrier, after airily opposing to the privatisation propositions of its predecessor.[43][44] Despite the carrier being regarded as overstaffed and bureaucratic, it was debt-free at that time, having an average profitability of US$90 million a year.[44][46] The carrier actually had US$719,000,000 (equivalent to $1,767,292,349 in 2023) in revenues on the year prior to privatisation.[45] It was not until 2009 that this privatisation process would be ruled as illegal.[43]

Austral's owner Cielos del Sur S.A. was sold to Iberia in March 1991 (1991-03), further increasing the Spanish flag's stake in the Argentine air market.[47] Aerolíneas Argentinas and Austral never merged throughout the private era, and remained as separate companies with the same shareholder. Iberia subsequently boosted its stake in the airline to 85% in April 1994 (1994-04) after a US$500,000,000 (equivalent to $1,027,840,144 in 2023) cash injection.[44][48][49][50] Out of the remaining 15%, the Argentine Government held the 5% stake it was initially assigned, while 10% belonged to the employees.[51] Furthermore, at this stage the Argentine Government resigned to the voting privilege it had in the Directory of the airline.[44]

Position of the company upon the acquisition by Iberia and when it was sold in 2001
Item 1991 2001
Assets (without routes, brand, etc., US$ mil.) 636[44]-776[51] ?
Annual Balance (US$ mil.) 18 –390
Debt (US$ mil.) 0 900[51]
Aircraft (owned/leased) 28[34]/1 1[34]/43
Flight simulators 3 2
Number of employees 10,372[52] 6,734[53]

Iberia was afterwards obliged by the European Commission to cut its stake in Aerolíneas Argentinas as a condition for receiving state aid.[48] It thence reduced its participation to 20%, transferring the remaining 65% to Interinvest/Andes holding, a consortium comprising the Spanish Government holding company (SEPI) –the actual owner of Iberia before it was privatised in 2001– and banks Merrill Lynch and Bankers Trust, among others.[48][54] In July 1997 (1997-07) Iberia cut again its stake in Aerolíneas Argentinas from 20% to 10%, while American Airlines's parent company AMR acquired a 10% stake of Aerolineas Argentinas/Austral's major stockholder Interinvest, equivalent to a participation of 8.5% in both Argentine companies, with the commitment of finding investors for Aerolíneas Argentinas.[55][56][57] AMR's 8.5% operation was finally cleared by the United States Department of Justice in early July 1998.[48] By that time, the Argentine Government still owned a 5% stake in Aerolíneas Argentinas.[58] Less than two years later AMR stepped aside, as it made no offers for Aerolíneas Argentinas.[59] Plans for the employees to take an 85% stake in 2000 never materialised.[citation needed]

Allegations of corruption were made on the basis of the price paid by Iberia and the Spanish firm's ulterior conduct (including some convoluted lease-back operations), with the airline paying the price for its own purchase with its assets.[44] Subsequent management by American Airlines and SEPI drove Aerolíneas Argentinas into an almost terminal crisis in 2001.[46][60]

By the late 1990s, the airline was near bankruptcy; losses in 1999 were around US$240 million. The Spanish Government tried to sell its controlling share to American Airlines, but the offer was declined.[61]

File:Aerolineas Argentinas logo.svg
Former Aerolíneas Argentinas logo, used throughout the Marsans group control of the company, until mid-2010.

In June 2001 (2001-06), the airline filed for bankruptcy protection from creditors,[62] went into administration,[63] and the aftermath began. Salaries were paid by the Argentine Government, instead of using money coming from the SEPI.[64] The payment of salaries for the upcoming months were suspended, as the mechanics union refused to accept the reorganisation plan raised by the SEPI to keep the company afloat.[65][66][67] Most of the international flights were halted.[51][68] After this, most of the fleet was grounded, and only 30% and 10% of domestic and international flights, respectively, were operating.[63] The crisis deepened when the daily flight to Madrid, and also the last connection with Europe, was also disrupted.[69]

Marsans group acquired a 92% stake through its subsidiary Air Comet from the SEPI in late 2001, and committed to inject US$50 million capital with the intention of resuming short– as well as long–haul services.[63][70][71] The resumption of international flights started in early November 2001 (2001-11).[72]

After teetering on the brink of closure during most of 2001, combined with the adverse effects of the September 11 attacks on the airline industry and December 2001 (2001-12) Argentina's financial meltdown, Aerolíneas Argentinas was forced to close down international services for a few days during early 2002. However, US$50,000,000 (equivalent to $84,699,352 in 2023) fresh capital was provided and the airline resumed services almost immediately. The private era's first profits were announced later that year.[73][74]

The carrier exited bankruptcy in January 2003 (2003-01) and emerged from administration a month later.[71][75]

Renationalisation: 2008-onwards

File:AR New Image 737-700.jpg
Rendering of Aerolíneas Argentinas new paint scheme on a Boeing 737-700.

On 21 July 2008, the Argentine Government took the airline back into state control after acquiring 99.4% of the stake for an undisclosed price; the remaining 0.6% continued being owned by the company's employees.[2][76] The Act renationalizing Aerolíneas Argentinas and its subsidiary Austral Líneas Aéreas was passed by the Chamber of Deputies in August 2008, and became law on 3 September 2008 following the 46-21 vote in the Argentine Senate.[77][78][79][80]

Several disagreements between the government and Grupo Marsans ended with a vote by both the lower and the upper houses of the Argentine congress in support of the takeover of the company and its subsidiaries, when the Chamber of Deputies voted 152-84 in favor of the expropriation, and the Senate approved the bill by a 42-20 vote.[81][82][83]

On 16 November 2009 the last Boeing 737-200 flight was operated on a scheduled Buenos Aires–Catamarca–La Rioja–Buenos Aires passenger service.[84]

In June 2010 (2010-06), Aerolíneas Argentinas revamped its image to give the airline a more modern appearance.[85][86] The new logo is a combination of light blue and grey colours.[87] Likewise, the previous eurowhite livery is replaced with a combination of the Argentine flag colours plus grey.[87] Subsidiary airline Austral also adopted this new livery, additionally including a red cheatline.[88][89]

With the mentoring of Delta Air Lines, the company signed an agreement to begin the process of joining SkyTeam in late November 2010 (2010-11).[9][14][15] It is expected the airline will become a member of the alliance by 2012.[14][15][90] Aerolíneas Argentinas will become the alliance's first South American member.[14][15]

In March 2011 (2011-03), the different unions that affiliate the airline staff demonstrated over concerns the government was looking for local private investors to participate in ownership of the company.[91][92][93] In September that year, the airline emerged from the reorganisation proceedings it had filed in 2001.[94] In late November 2011 (2011-11), the government announced an austerity plan for the company in order to reduce the deficit it has been incurring since being taken over from Marsans; the plan includes the revision of unprofitable routes, the reduction of pilot/aircraft pay rates, and the abandonment of obsolete equipment, among others.[95][96]

Destinations

Main article: Aerolíneas Argentinas destinations

Codeshare agreements

As of July 2012, the carrier has codeshare agreements with the following SkyTeam members:

  • Air France-KLM, on some European routes; these companies codeshares on Aerolíneas' services to Córdoba, Mendoza, Rosario, Asunción, and Montevideo.[97] Furthermore, mileage earned by cardholders of Aerolíneas Plus and Flying Blue frequent flyer programmes can be redeemed in either airline.[98]
  • Delta Air Lines, on the Buenos Aires–Atlanta–Buenos Aires route; Delta Air Lines, in turn, places its code on Buenos Aires–Miami–Buenos Aires flights actually operated by Aerolíneas. The agreement also considers Aerolíneas codesharing Delta flights to/from Miami and Atlanta operated to various cities in the United States and Canada, while Delta does so on regional flights to/from Buenos Aires.[99][100]

Fleet

Aerolíneas Argentinas current fleet
A Boeing 737-500 taxiing at Aeroparque Jorge Newbery in 2011.
An Airbus A340-300 at Fiumicino Airport in 2007.

Aerolíneas Argentinas began modernising its fleet in 2009:

  • In early 2009, the airline agreed to purchase 2 new Boeing 737-700s; these aircraft were incorporated into the fleet in mid-2009,[101][102][103] being the first brand new ones acquired by the company after 17 years.[101] In late November 2010 it also agreed to lease a further 10 aircraft of the same model from ILFC;[104] these aircraft started being delivered in April 2011.[105]
  • It was announced in October 2009 that the carrier was looking for about 6 Boeing 737-800 aircraft, both to complement the 12 Boeing 737-700s and to replace the ageing Boeing 737-500s.[106]

Following is a table providing the composition of Aerolíneas Argentinas' fleet, as of August 2012.[107] Information concerning seat configuration is accurate for most of the fleet; nevertheless, on some equipment this information differs from the one shown below.[101][102]

Aerolíneas Argentinas Fleet
Aircraft In Fleet Orders Passengers Notes
C Y Total
Airbus A340-200 4 — 32 217 249[108]
Airbus A340-300 7 — 32 248 280[108]
30 260 290[109]
30 257 287[110]
Boeing 737-700 20 2 8 120 128[111]
Boeing 737-800 2 5 8 162 170[109]
Total 33 7

As of August 2012, the fleet age is 11.5 years.[107]

Retired

Aerolíneas Argentinas historic fleet
A Boeing 747-400 on short finals to Madrid-Barajas Airport in 2009
A Boeing 707-320B at Frankfurt am Main Airport in 1976

Aerolíneas Argentinas has also operated the following aircraft all through its history:[107]

Accidents and incidents

Main article: Aerolíneas Argentinas accidents and incidents

According to the Aviation Safety Network database, the last accident involving a company's aircraft that yielded fatalities was in 1970, as of October 2011; Aviation Safety Network records 43 accidents or incidents for Aerolíneas Argentinas since it started operations in 1950.[117] The company ranks among the safest airlines in the world.[118]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e "Aerolineas Argentinas – Details and Fleet History". Planespotters.net. 14 April 2012. Retrieved 25 April 2012.
  2. ^ a b c d Robert Plummer (22 July 2008). "Argentine airline set for bumpy ride". BBC News. Archived from the original on 24 April 2012. Retrieved 24 April 2012.
  3. ^ David Knibb (20 August 2009). "Unions gain in Aerolineas reshuffle". Flightglobal.com. Seattle. Airline Business. Archived from the original on 24 April 2012. Retrieved 24 April 2012.
  4. ^ Uphoff, Rainer (3 April 2012). "Aerolineas Argentinas to drop Auckland and Mexico City from network". Madrid: Flightglobal.com. Archived from the original on 4 August 2012. Retrieved 4 August 2012.
  5. ^ a b "Aerolineas Argentinas focuses on fixing highly unprofitable long-haul operation". Centre for Aviation. 22 July 2011. Archived from the original on 21 April 2012. Retrieved 4 August 2012.
  6. ^ a b "Informe de gestión 2010" (PDF) (in Spanish). Aerolíneas Argentinas. Retrieved 28 May 2011. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)[dead link‍]
  7. ^ "AEROLINEAS ARGENTINAS BEGINS FLIGHTS TO THE NEW TERMINAL AT EZEIZA" (Press release). Aerolíneas Argentinas. 12 July 2011. Archived from the original on 25 April 2012. Retrieved 25 April 2012. Terminal "C" also has an exclusive VIP lounge, called "Salon Condor", especially designed to meet the requirements determined by the Sky Team Alliance, of which Aerolineas Argentinas is becoming a member. The VIP salon will not only be used by Aerolineas Argentinas' passengers but also by the passengers on all airlines in the alliance.
  8. ^ a b "LEGAL – TERMS AND CONDITIONS". Aerolíneas Argentinas. Retrieved 14 September 2011. Aerolíneas Argentinas S.A., with legal domicile in:547 Bouchard St. – 9th Floor – Zip Code: 1106 ABG - Buenos Aires - Argentina- Telephone Number 054-011-4130-3000
  9. ^ a b "Aerolineas Argentinas continues to struggle as government protection from competition increases". Centre for Aviation. 3 January 2012. Archived from the original on 21 April 2012. Retrieved 25 April 2012.
  10. ^ "Aerolineas Argentinas Information". AIRwise. Retrieved 14 September 2011.
  11. ^ Group Companies Retrieved 26 January 2011.
  12. ^ Sobie, Brendan (21 April 2010). "New life for Aerolineas Argentinas?". Flightglobal.com. Washington D.C. Airline Business. Archived from the original on 24 April 2012. Retrieved 24 April 2012.
  13. ^ "Aerolineas offers free transfer between airports" (Press release). Aerolíneas Argentinas. 3 December 2010. Archived from the original on 25 April 2012. Retrieved 25 April 2012.
  14. ^ a b c d Aaron Karp (1 December 2010). "Aerolineas Argentinas inks official agreement to join SkyTeam in 2012". Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 25 April 2012. Retrieved 25 April 2012.
  15. ^ a b c d "Aerolíneas Argentinas Joins SkyTeam" (Press release). Buenos Aires: SkyTeam. 30 November 2010. Archived from the original on 25 April 2012. Retrieved 25 April 2012.
  16. ^ a b c d e
  17. ^ a b
  18. ^ "World Airline Survey – Aerolineas Argentinas". Flight International: 551. 13 April 1967. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 May 2012. Retrieved 3 May 2012.
  19. ^ a b c d "World airline survey... Aerolineas Argentinas-Empresa del Estado". Flight International: 507. 11 April 1963. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 May 2012. Retrieved 3 May 2012.
  20. ^ "World Airline Directory – Aerolineas Argentinas" (pdf). Flight International: 48. 20 March 2001 – 26 March 2001. Retrieved 24 June 2011. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  21. ^ "Civil aviation news..." (PDF). Flight. 23 February 1950. Retrieved 31 January 2012. The Argentine Ministry of Transport has purchased five new Convairs for use on the passenger services of Aerolineas Argentinas.
  22. ^ "Argentina–Germany again" (PDF). Flight. 28 December 1950. p. 628. Retrieved 31 January 2012.
  23. ^ "The world's airlines – Aerolineas Argentinas". Flight: 310. 6 March 1953. Archived from the original on 2 August 2012. Retrieved 2 August 2012.
  24. ^ "Brevities" (PDF). Flight: 199. 5 August 1960. Retrieved 27 January 2012. Aerolineas took delivery of their sixth Comet 4 at Hartfield on July 25. The first overseas operator to buy Comets, their order is now complete.
  25. ^ "Air commerce..." (pdf). Flight: 445. 27 March 1959. Retrieved 18 July 2011. Mme. Elena Faggionato de Frondizi, wife of the Argentine President, unveils the name of Aerolineas Argentina's first Comet 4 —"Las Tres Marias"— at Ezeiza Airport, B.A., on March 7.
  26. ^ "HATFIELD TO BUENOS AIRES BY COMET 4" (pdf). Flight: 15. 13 March 1959. Retrieved 18 July 2011.
  27. ^ "SOUTH AMERICAN JET" (pdf). Flight: 477. 3 April 1959. Retrieved 4 May 2011. From Buenos Aires, from the camera of George Errington of de Havilland, come the lower three pictures of the arrival there last month of the first Aerolineas Argentinas' Comet 4.
  28. ^ "Air commerce" (pdf). Flight: 457. 14 September 1961. Retrieved 4 May 2011. Aerolineas Argentinas is to be the first Avro 748 customer to take delivery.
  29. ^ "Airliner market" (PDF). Flight International: 226. 28 January 1978. Retrieved 3 May 2011. Aerolineas Argentinas has ordered three Boeing 727s...
  30. ^ "World airlines update" (pdf). Flight International: 512. 17 October 1974. Retrieved 3 May 2011. Aerolineas Argentinas has ordered three more 737-200s for delivery later this month and in November and December, bringing its fleet of the type to 12.
  31. ^ "Airliner market" (pdf). Flight International: 70. 8 July 1978. Retrieved 3 May 2011. Aerolineas Argentinas has ordered three additional Boeing 747-200Bs, with an option on a fourth subject to satisfactory financing. The aircraft will be powered by Pratt & Whitney JT9D-7Qs. This commitment for 747s, together with the airline's earlier purchase of three 727s, is worth some $200 million.
  32. ^ "Airliner market". Flight International. 23 January 1975. p. 89. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 May 2012. Retrieved 5 May 2012. Aerolineas Argentinas has taken delivery of the first two of three F.28-1000s. Its remaining HS.748s will now be disposed of. Aerolineas Argentinas will be the first all-jet operator in South America
  33. ^ "Airliner market". Flight International. 15 January 1977. p. 103. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 May 2012. Retrieved 3 May 2012. Aerolineas Argentinas inaugurated its first Boeing 747 services from Buenos Aires to Frankfurt, Rome and Madrid on January 5
  34. ^ a b c d Cionfrini, Ernesto (21 June 2001). "Errores, trampas y fracasos". La Nación (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 18 June 2012. Retrieved 18 June 2012. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  35. ^ Aerolíneas Argentinas History
  36. ^ "Short hauls..." Flight International: 83. 12 July 1980. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 May 2012. Retrieved 3 May 2012. Aerolineas Argentinas on June 7 inaugurated its Buenos Aires-Auckland-Hong Kong polar route.
  37. ^ "Airliner market" (PDF). Flight International. 10 January 1981. p. 55. Retrieved 2 February 2012. Aerolineas Argentinas paid nearly $51 million for the almost-new Boeing 747SP purchased from Braniff last year.
  38. ^ "AIR TRANSPORT – Argentine airlines face reorganisation" (pdf). Flight International. Buenos Aires: 7. 19 July 1986. Retrieved 5 August 2011. Argentina's flag carrier, Aerolineas Argentinas, has dismissed all 561 of its pilots after they went on indefinite strike on July 1.
  39. ^ Potenze, Pablo. "La gran huelga" (in Spanish). Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 April 2012. Retrieved 18 June 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  40. ^ Alan Riding (28 November 1988). "International report; Argentina's Privatization Battle". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 28 April 2012. Retrieved 28 April 2012.
  41. ^ "SAS plays dating game". Flight International: 10. 27 August 1988. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 April 2012. Retrieved 28 April 2012.
  42. ^ "SAS achète 40% de la Compagnie nationale argentine". Le Monde (in French). 10 February 1988. Archived from the original on 28 April 2012. Retrieved 28 April 2012. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  43. ^ a b c José Crettaz (2 March 2011). "Una empresa con historia peronista". La Nación (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 28 April 2012. Retrieved 28 April 2012. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  44. ^ a b c d e f g h Mabel Thwaites Rey (3 June 2001). "Crónica de una década que dejó a Aerolíneas al borde de la quiebra". Clarín (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 25 April 2012. Retrieved 25 April 2012. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  45. ^ a b Shirley Christian (23 November 1990). "Argentina Closes Sale Of Airline". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 28 April 2012. Retrieved 28 April 2012.
  46. ^ a b "Aerolineas teeters on bankruptcy". BBC News. 29 May 2001. Archived from the original on 28 April 2012. Retrieved 28 April 2012.
  47. ^ "Company histories: the path to Aerolíneas Argentinas S.A." Funding Universe. Archived from the original on 28 April 2012. Retrieved 28 April 2012.
  48. ^ a b c d Ramon Lopez (15 July 1998). "American given all-clear to acquire stake in Aerolineas". Flightglobal.com. Washington D.C. Flight International. Archived from the original on 28 April 2012. Retrieved 28 April 2012.
  49. ^ "94 at a glance". Flightglobal.com. Airline Business. 1 February 1995. Archived from the original on 28 April 2012. Retrieved 28 April 2012. An Argentine federal tribunal clears the way for Iberia's $500 million injection into flag carrier Aerolineas Argentinas, taking the Spanish flag's stake in the carrier up to 85 per cent.
  50. ^ "Iberia controlará el 19% de Aerolíneas Argentinas en poder de Banesto y BCH". El País (in Spanish). 19 March 1994. Archived from the original on 28 April 2012. Retrieved 28 April 2012. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  51. ^ a b c d "Aerolíneas suspendió los vuelos a los Estados Unidos, Oceanía y Brasil". Clarín (in Spanish). 7 June 2001. Archived from the original on 28 April 2012. Retrieved 28 April 2012. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  52. ^ a b c d e f g h i "World Airline Directory – Aerolineas Argentinas" (pdf). Flight International: 44. 27 March 1991 – 2 April 1991. Retrieved 27 March 2011. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  53. ^ Cebrián Echarri, Belén (3 October 2001). "La SEPI adjudica Aerolíneas Argentinas al grupo turístico español Marsans". El País (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 18 June 2012. Retrieved 18 June 2012. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  54. ^ "Deja Iberia líneas de América latina". La Nación (in Spanish). EFE. 1 February 1996. Archived from the original on 18 June 2012. Retrieved 18 June 2012. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  55. ^ "No Offer for Aerolineas Argentinas". The New York Times. 31 December 1999. Archived from the original on 18 June 2012. Retrieved 18 June 2012.
  56. ^ "AA goes for Aerolineas". Flightglobal.com. Airline Business. 1 August 1998. Archived from the original on 18 June 2012. Retrieved 18 June 2012. American Airlines has been cleared to proceed with its acquisition of 8.5 per cent of Aerolineas Argentinas.
  57. ^ "1997 at a glance". Flightglobal.com. Airline Business. 1 March 1998. Archived from the original on 18 June 2012. Retrieved 18 June 2012. American Airlines buys 10 per cent of Interinvest, the majority shareholder of Aerolineas Argentinas, while Iberia cuts its stake from 20 to 10 per cent.
  58. ^ "Airline Ownership Survey". Flightglobal.com. Airline Business. 1 July 1998. Archived from the original on 24 April 2012. Retrieved 24 April 2012.
  59. ^ "Spanish take over Aerolineas reins". Flightglobal.com. Airline Business. 1 March 2000. Retrieved 20 June 2011.
  60. ^ "Aerolineas sale delay". BBC News. 17 August 2001. Retrieved 15 May 2011.
  61. ^ Guy Norris; Paul Lews (8 February 2000). "Executives to go in Argentine rescue". Flightglobal.com. Flight International. Retrieved 20 December 2011.
  62. ^ "Aerolineas Argentinas files for protection". Flightglobal.com. Flight International. 26 June 2001. Retrieved 21 December 2011.
  63. ^ a b c David Knibb (1 November 2001). "Aerolineas plans fresh start as Marsans steps in". Flightglobal.com. Seattle. Airline Business. Retrieved 21 December 2011.
  64. ^ Template:Es icon De la Rúa ordena pagar los salarios para frenar el conflicto de Aerolíneas Argentinas ELPAÍS.com. 1 June 2001. Retrieved 10 February 2011.
  65. ^ "Aerolineas Argentinas approaches moment of truth". Flightglobal.com. Airline Business. 1 August 2001. Retrieved 21 December 2011.
  66. ^ David Knibb (1 July 2001). "SEPI provides bankruptcy shelter for ailing Aerolineas". Flightglobal.com. Seattle. Airline Business. Retrieved 21 December 2011. The Aerolineas crisis stems from an impasse between one union and SEPI. Seven unions own 10% of Aerolineas. Four of them agreed last October to SEPI's restructuring plan. Two more have since agreed, but the mechanics have refused to budge.
  67. ^ "El Consejo de Administración de Aerolíneas Argentinas aprueba la suspensión de pagos". El País (in Spanish). 21 June 2001. Retrieved 16 August 2011. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  68. ^ "Routes". Flightglobal.com. Flight International. 19 June 2001. Retrieved 14 September 2011. Aerolineas Argentinas is suspending flights to Auckland, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo and Sydney, following financial problems.
  69. ^ "Suspenden los últimos vuelos a Europa". Clarín (in Spanish). 13 June 2001. Retrieved 20 June 2011. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  70. ^ Kerry Reals (16 June 2008). "Aerolineas Argentinas sale nears". Flightglobal.com. Airline Business. Retrieved 16 August 2011. Marsans acquired its stake in Aerolíneas Argentinas and sister carrier Austral in 2001 through its subsidiary Air Comet.
  71. ^ a b David Knibb (1 February 2003). "Aerolineas pulls back from the brink". Flightglobal.com. Seattle. Airline Business. Retrieved 21 December 2011.
  72. ^ "Regresó a Ezeiza un vuelo de Aerolíneas Argentinas procedente de Madrid". La Nación (in Spanish). 6 November 2001. Retrieved 20 June 2011. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  73. ^ "Aerolineas plots regional growth". Flightglobal.com. Airline Business. 1 May. Retrieved 21 December 2011. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  74. ^ "Argentine airline makes first profit". BBC News. 6 September 2002. Retrieved 21 December 2011.
  75. ^ Jackson Flores (7 January 2003). "Aerolineas Argentinas restructuring plan wins court approval". Flightglobal.com. Rio de Janeiro. Flight International. Retrieved 2011-. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  76. ^ Daniel Schweimler (22 June 2008). "Argentina renationalises airline". BBC News. Buenos Aires. Retrieved 14 September 2011.
  77. ^ "Other News - 09/04/2008". Air Transport World. 5 September 2008. Retrieved 14 September 2011. Argentine Senate authorized the renationalization of Aerolineas Argentinas by a 46-21 vote.
  78. ^ "Argentina buys back flag carrier". BBC News. 4 September 2008. Archived from the original on 25 April 2012. Retrieved 25 April 2012.
  79. ^ "La reestatización de Aerolíneas ya es ley". Clarín (in Spanish). 4 September 2008. Retrieved 14 September 2011. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  80. ^ "Aerolineas Argentinas renationalization passes first legislative hurdle". Air Transport World. 26 August 2008. Retrieved 14 September 2011.
  81. ^ "Other News - 12/20/2008". Air Transport World. 22 December 2008. Retrieved 14 September 2011.
  82. ^ "Other News - 12/04/2008". Air Transport World. 5 December 2008. Retrieved 14 September 2011.
  83. ^ "Argentina backs airline seizure". BBC News. 4 December 2008. Retrieved 14 September 2011. Deputies voted 152 to 84 for the bill, which now goes to the Senate.
  84. ^ "Boeing 737-200: la "chancha" hizo su vuelo de despedida". Clarín (in Spanish). 16 November 2009. Retrieved 2 March 2011. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  85. ^ "Aerolineas Argentinas announces rebranding". Air Transport World. 18 June 2010. Retrieved 28 June 2011.
  86. ^ "PHOTOS: Aerolíneas Argentinas reveals new corporate image". Flightglobal.com. 11 June 2010. Archived from the original on 24 April 2012. Retrieved 24 April 2012.
  87. ^ a b "New directions, new image". p. 10. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 April 2012. Retrieved 24 April 2012.
  88. ^ "Our New Image". Aerolíneas Argentinas. Retrieved 15 July 2011. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
  89. ^ Rainer Uphoff (24 June 2010). "PICTURE: Austral's first E-190". Flightglobal.com. Retrieved 15 July 2011.
  90. ^ "Kenya Airways joins Skyteam in welcoming Middle East Airlines into Alliance" (Press release). Kenya Airways. 8 March 2011. Retrieved 27 June 2011. SkyTeam Managing Director, Marie-Joseph Malé, illustrates the alliance's continuing global expansion: "This year China Airlines and China Eastern with its daughter company Shanghai Airlines will effectively join us, according to plan. Garuda Indonesia, Aerolíneas Argentinas and Saudi Arabian Airlines have all confirmed their membership effective in 2012. We will continue to work on further expansion of our global network by looking for partners from India and Latin America."
  91. ^ Juan Cruz Sanz (5 March 2011). "Aerolíneas: rechazo gremial al intento de privatización parcial". Clarín (in Spanish). Retrieved 5 March 2011. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  92. ^ "Gremios aeronáuticos, contra la privatización de Aerolíneas Argentinas". La Razón (in Spanish). 5 March 2011. Retrieved 10 March 2011. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  93. ^ Francisco Olivera (2 March 2011). "El Gobierno les busca un socio privado a Aerolíneas y Austral". La Nación (in Spanish). Retrieved 10 March 2011. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  94. ^ "Airline News". Air Transport World. 9 September 2011. Retrieved 21 December 2011. Aerolineas Argentinas has emerged from its reorganization proceedings, filed in 2001.
  95. ^ Francisco Olivera (22 November 2011). "Anuncian un fuerte recorte en los gastos de Aerolíneas". La Nación (in Spanish). Retrieved 22 November 2011. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  96. ^ "Argentina Plans Major Overhaul Of Ailing Flagship Carrier". The Wall Street Journal. Buenos Aires. Dow Jones. 21 November 2011. Retrieved 22 November 2011.
  97. ^ "Airline Routes". Air Transport World. 4 November 2011. Archived from the original on 2 July 2012. Retrieved 2 July 2012. Aerolíneas Argentinas (AR) signed codeshare agreements with Air France (AF) and KLM (KL), under which AF and KL will place their codes on AR service to Cordoba, Mendoza, Rosario, Montevideo and Asuncion. AR will place its code on AF and KL service to Nice, Marseille, Toulouse, Lyon and Bordeaux and other European destinations, including Berlin and Munich.
  98. ^ "Aerolíneas Argentinas, Air France y KLM acuerdan nuevos beneficios para sus pasajeros frecuentes" (Press release) (in Spanish). Aerolíneas Argentinas. 2012. Archived from the original on 2 July 2012. Retrieved 2 July 2012. {{cite press release}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  99. ^ "Airline Routes". Air Transport World. 15 August 2011. Archived from the original on 2 July 2012. Retrieved 2 July 2012. Delta Air Lines and Aerolineas Argentinas announced a codesharing agreement under which DL will place its code on AR flights to Calafate, Cordoba, Iguazu, Mendoza, Rio Grande, Rosario, San Carlos de Bariloche, and Ushuaia; AR will place its code on DL service to Boston, Chicago, Dallas, Denver, Houston, Los Angeles, New Orleans, New York City, Orlando, Philadelphia, San Francisco, San Juan, Seattle, Washington, Montreal, Toronto, and Vancouver. The agreement will begin in the fourth quarter.
  100. ^ "Aerolineas Argentinas and Delta Airlines will be start [sic] to code-share and their loyalty programs will have reciprocal benefits" (Press release). Aerolíneas Argentinas. 4 August 2011. Archived from the original on 2 July 2011. Retrieved 2 July 2011.
  101. ^ a b c "Aerolíneas Argentinas presents the first B-737/700-2009 model- purchased from Boeing" (Press release). Aerolíneas Argentinas. 8 June 2009. Retrieved 3 March 2011.
  102. ^ a b "Aerolíneas Argentinas presents the second B-737/700-2009 model- purchased from Boeing" (Press release). Aerolíneas Argentinas. 25 June 2009. Retrieved 3 March 2011.
  103. ^ "Aerolíneas inició el recambio de su flota de aviones". La Nación (in Spanish). 8 June 2009. Retrieved 2 June 2011. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  104. ^ Brendan Sobie (22 November 2010). "ALTA 2010: Aerolineas to grow 737NG fleet through ILFC leases and new order". Flightglobal.com. Air Transport Intelligence news. Retrieved 9 March 2011.
  105. ^ "Leasing & Finance". Air Transport World. 19 April 2011. Retrieved 31 May 2011. ILFC reached a five-year lease agreement with Aerolíneas Argentinas for 10 Boeing 737-700NG aircraft. Deliveries are expected to begin this month and be completed by October 2012.
  106. ^ Brendan Sobie (17 October 2009). "Aerolineas seeks to lease six 737-800s". Flightglobal.com. Air Transport Intelligence news. Retrieved 9 March 2011.
  107. ^ a b c "Profile for: Aerolineas Argentinas". AeroTransport Data Bank. 2 August 2012. Archived from the original on 2 August 2012. Retrieved 2 August 2012.
  108. ^ a b "Aerolíneas Argentinas – Airbus Fleet". Aerolíneas Argentinas. Retrieved 31 May 2011.
  109. ^ a b "Aerolíneas Argentinas incorporó tres aeronaves a su flota internacional y de cabotaje" (Press release) (in Spanish). Aerolíneas Argentinas. 27 December 2011. Retrieved 4 January 2012. {{cite press release}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  110. ^ "Aerolíneas incorporó otro Airbus A-340 a su flota internacional" (Press release) (in Spanish). Aerolíneas Argentinas. 9 January 2012. Retrieved 10 January 2012. {{cite press release}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  111. ^ "Fleet – Boeing 737-700". Aerolíneas Argentinas. Retrieved 15 April 2012.
  112. ^ a b c d e f "World Airline Survey – Aerolineas Argentinas" (pdf). Flight International: 563. 15 April 1965. Retrieved 27 March 2011.
  113. ^ "Aerolineas Argentinas bids farewell to the Jumbo" (Press release). Aerolíneas Argentinas. 1 February 2012. Archived from the original on 30 March 2012. Retrieved 30 March 2012.
  114. ^ Marcelo Bellucci (2 February 2012). "El gigante del aire de Aerolíneas aterrizó en Ezeiza por última vez". Clarín (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 25 March 2012. Retrieved 25 March 2012. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  115. ^ a b "World Airline Directory – Aerolineas Argentinas" (pdf). Flight: 489. 8 April 1960. Retrieved 27 March 2011.
  116. ^ "World Airline Directory – Aerolineas Argentinas" (pdf). Flight: 304. 11 March 1955. Retrieved 27 March 2011.
  117. ^ "Accident record for Aerolíneas Argentinas". Aviation Safety Network. 1 October 2011. Retrieved 2 October 2011.
  118. ^ "World's safest airlines – Aerolineas Argentinas". news.com.au. Archived from the original on 25 March 2012. Retrieved 25 March 2012.
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