30 Battery (Rogers's Company) Royal Artillery

Origins and Early Years

On 1st January 1759 the company was raised as Captain F.J.Buchanan’s company, 2nd Battalion (there were only three at that time), Royal Artillery. The Battery used to provide numerous attached personnel to other units, much as it does today, and, as such the Battery’s history can be traced from many far-flung destinations across the globe. At its time of inception the country was embroiled in the Seven Years War, which ran from 1756-1763. Wrangling with the French was by no means a new thing, but it was during this seven-year period that the Battery or elements of it saw action in two arenas, namely Minorca and then Gibraltar.

In 1756 both the military and the Government were hoodwinked by the French into believing that an attack on our homeland was imminent. The French amassed some 50,000 troops near the Channel Ports and this was enough to panic us into deploying artillery in a coastal defence role. As it transpired this amassing of troops was more than likely a decoy for the force that was subsequently sent to the Mediterranean, which by comparison was virtually unguarded. The French objective was the smaller of the two significant Balearic Islands, Minorca. The in site garrison force at Fort St Phillip comprised:

24 x 32-pounders 50 x 18-pounders 40 x 12-pounders 36 x 8-pounders 10 x 6-pounders

Not an inconsiderable force to defend an island, but this force was overpowered in a matter of months and eventually surrendered to an honourable defeat. By the terms of the capitulation, the British Garrison was repatriated to Britain by way of Gibraltar, an indulgence granted by the French as a token of their respect for the brave defence. It also interesting to note that the soldiers were also rewarded by the Board of Ordnance, who granted them an extra half a days wage per day of the siege. Those were the days!

The company subsequently became involved with an attempt to regain control of Minorca over the following two years.

Between 1785 and 1791 the Battery was stationed at Gibraltar. Elements of the Battery are believed to have been stationed at Gibraltar before then and were therefore involved in the Great Siege by the Spanish and the French, which lasted nearly four years from 1779-1783. At this time there were only 25 officers and 460 NCOs and men to man 452 guns and mortars - quite a feat. In addition they were only getting limited supplies of food smuggled in from North Africa.

As is already becoming apparent, the Battery is rarely recorded in action as one cohesive unit but with sections of the Battery being seconded as operational commitments dictated and this trend was to continue. For example, in 1778, records show that 5 soldiers from 30 Battery served for the first seven months of the year abroad HM Bomb Vessel Thunder based in New York. Unfortunately only this snippet of information was available but it does show how diverse the job spec of an Artillery soldier was if nothing else!

The Napoleonic Wars

In 1794, under General Sir Charles Grey, the Battery helped to capture Martinique and Guadeloupe, and detachments were also engaged in suppressing French inspired Negro riots in St Lucia, Grenada and St Vincent. By now the Battery had been engaged in almost back-to-back campaigns far removed from home and this had taken its toll. At the turn of the century the disease-decimated Battery returned home to Woolwich to recuperate.

The next significant point in the history of the Battery is in 1806 when Captain Thomas Rogers took command. He led the Battery for an uninterrupted 19 years and it is in honour of his command at Waterloo that our Battery today carries his name. At the outset his powers of leadership were tested as the Battery sailed on the 28th July Year for what was to be an ill-fated expedition at Walcheren. The force comprising 144 guns and mortars and 35 ships of the line was intended to relieve French pressure on the Austrian Alliance. Unfortunately, the expedition was struck by widespread sickness and was forced to turn sail for England.

Waterloo

The Battle of Waterloo is an important turning point in history as it marks the end of an era, the end of 23 years of long and hard fighting with the French, first in the Revolutionary Wars and then in the wars against Napoleon. But it is of great significance to the Battery because it is here that our prestigious honour title was won. Interestingly, I found out while researching this presentation the Battle would have been called the battle of La Belle Alliance as that was where the victory was won, yet Wellington insisted upon a long standing tradition of his, that the engagement should be named after the place where he spent the night preceding the battle, and that had been in an inn at Waterloo!

In 1815 the Battery mustered at Colchester and departed from Harwich aboard the HMS Sargossa for the Low Countries and yet more clashes with the now familiar enemy, the French. Rogers's Company was equipped with six 9-pounder guns then deployed to Belgium as part of 5th Division under the command of Sir Thomas Picton. On the 16th June 1815 Rogers's Company was one of the two British artillery units engaged in the Battle of Quatre Bras. As soon as the British arrived on the field to support the Dutch-Belgian troops, Rogers's Company came into position on the left of Kempt’s infantry brigade and was engaged in a furious artillery duel with numerous French guns well hidden in a wood some six hundred yards in front of their position.

Though suffering heavy losses in men and horses and threatened by a large body of cuirassiers, the Battery maintained its steady fire and later, by opportune salvos of case-shot, or grape, completely repulsed a column of enemy infantry that was attempting to attack the British left flank. The arrival of British reinforcements decided the battle and next day Rogers's Company withdrew to Waterloo.

At the opening of the battle on the 18th June 1815, the Battery was in a position in front of the infantry of the 5th Division on the left of the Brussels Road and under direct orders from Wellington, were only to open fire on an enemy advance.

Napoleon ordered the advance and the Battery directed its fire onto the advancing mass of French infantry. In spite of the tremendous losses, the enemy came on with great determination and Sir Thomas Picton stationed himself at the front next to the Battery to direct fire. Calmly the gunners waited with lighted portfires until the head of the French column appeared over the crest in front of the guns. At the word “fire” a tremendous salvo of grape shattered the enemy and before they could recover the British infantry charged them. A melee ensued which the gunners joined in, armed only with rammers, until the French resolve weakened and they gave way in confusion. So critical was the situation at this time that one of Rogers's guns was spiked by its Number 1 to prevent it being used by the enemy who seemed bound to capture it.

During the battle Sir Thomas Picton was killed close by the Battery. As soon as the French had been repulsed Rogers's Company moved to the right of the Brussel s road to assist that portion of the hard pressed line and later changed position again farther to the right to assist Bolton’s guns. Here the three remaining pieces – two being out of action through losses among the teams, assisted in the decisive stroke of the battle, the repulse of the Imperial Guard. As those magnificent veterans advanced steadily in a column over the crest of the hill they were met by a tempest of fire from Bolton’s guns on the left and Rogers's guns on the right. Whole ranks were blown away by his murderous discharge and before they could deploy, the British infantry completed the rout by a charge, which drove them back in utter confusion. Immediately the British line advanced and the Battery struggled forward to support the movement across the sodden fields to La Belle Alliance where the pursuit was taken over by the Prussians under Blucher.

Following their efforts at the Battle of Waterloo the Battery returned home for a six-year tour on British soil, followed by garrison duty in the West Indies and Gibraltar.

The Crimea

When the company returned from abroad they were based in Ireland to help quell the Irish riots of 1849-53, in a dismounted infantry role, something that we are accustomed to in today’s army. The following year saw the start of the Crimean War when an expedition of 24,000 English, 22,000 French and 8,000 Turkish troops landed North of Sevastopol in September 1854. The Battery, then 2nd Company of the 3rd Battalion RA and commanded by Captain A C Gleig left several months later once the siege of Sevastopol was underway.

Early in October 1854 the Allies had established themselves on the plateau to the south of Sevastopol and opened their trenches, which had 71 British and 49 siege guns. The Russians had sunk the greater part of their own fleet in the harbour, after removing the guns and sending them to reinforce the land defences. On 13th October the allies made an attack by sea and opened fire with the siege guns whilst the Army was ready for an immediate assaulting manoeuvre. Unfortunately, the naval attack met with stiff resistance and the Russian guns demonstrated the value of a high site in coast defence. Misfortune also overtook the French, who were attacking the Flagstaff Bastion, the principal work on the Russian right. The siege guns manned by the Royal Navy and the Royal Artillery wrought havoc at the Redan, the Russian central work, but the situation was unfavourable for making an assault and the operations ceased.

Early in the morning of the 25th October the Russians launched an attack spearheaded by 2,500 cavalry and two batteries of Horse Artillery to capture and cut the Post Road. However, the Russians were stopped by the 93rd Sutherland Highlanders and the Russians hesitated fatally. The British Heavy Cavalry Brigade made a brilliant charge and routed the Russians. However, this success was marred by the Charge of the Light Brigade on the enemy artillery and are remembered chiefly for their bravery and horrendous losses. It is interesting to note that in November significant entries in to the occurrence book are attributable to the ill discipline of the troops. One soldier is reported to have received 50 lashes for attempting to defraud the canteen proprietor of two shillings, another documents a 28-day spell in the clink with hard labour for insubordination and foul language. It can be seen that in his harsh and oppressive cold environment the officers' job of leadership was far from easy.

The Battery left Woolwich and set sail from Greenhithe for Balaclava in May 1855. It was 203 officers and soldiers strong and there was nearly a horse per man - well this was true at the time of sailing but unfortunately five died en route. In fact the records from this period of the Battery’s history holds more information about the welfare of our four-legged friends than of the fighting soldiers. Indeed it is fair to say of the siege that the Battery lost more men to the ravages off cholera and other diseases than in action; there is no record of a soldier being lost in action at Sevastopol, yet there is accurate documentation of the number that were detained in hospital.

Month Sick in Hospital Sent to Scutari Died Jun 1855 27 0 17 Jul 1855 37 5 3 Aug 1855 21 16 5 Sep 1855 19 13 4 Oct 1855 9 7 1 Nov 1855 17 4 1 Dec 1855 9 4 2

At Sevastopol the Battery distinguished itself, but like the rest of the expedition, it suffered gravely from disease and cold. British losses totalled 24,000 by the end of the campaign. The company was one of eight field batteries mobilised for the campaign and along with a siege train and troops from the RHA the original artillery contingent was complete under the command of Brigadier General T Fox-Strangways. The Battery consisted of 1 captain, 1 second captain, 3 first lieutenants, 1 colour sergeant, 5 sergeants, 5 corporals, 5 bombardiers, 174 gunners/drivers (for the first time recorded as drivers) and 2 trumpeters. The artificers included a farrier, 5 shoeing-smiths, 2 collar makers and 2 wheelers!

The Battery that returned from the hardship of the Crimea in June 1856 was dishevelled and once again was fortunate to get a spell in England to carry out much needed regrouping and recuperation. The Battery was next called overseas in response to the Indian Mutiny where it was felt that the strength of the garrisons there should be bolstered. The rebellion was actually confined to a relatively small part of the sub-continent, namely the area of Delhi and the province now known as Uttar Pradesh, and part of the more central region of India. The Capture of Delhi was the first priority and with great daring the officers in the Punjab rushed what troops they could to the city. Once in the area they seized a ridge of high land commanding the city and kept it under continual attack while reinforcements and a siege train was assembled and sent to join them. After four years of garrison and internal security duty in Bengal the Battery returned to England was again engaged in policing the Irish in the Riots of 1868-69. The Battery returned to India in 1871 where it was successively stationed in Bengal, Darjeeling, Calcutta and Rawalpindi, sailing home via Aden to England in 1884. Before the Battery had had a chance to lament the balmy Indian evenings that the English weather could not match it was again off to India, this time bound for Burma and operations against the Burmese rebels in a jungle warfare role. Once the situation in Burma was resolved the Battery returned once more to garrison duty, in Madras, Karachi and Fort Attock until 1904.

The First World War

The Battery served in Gibraltar from 1905-1926 and therefore took part in what many called the Forgotten War, while the World’s attention was focused on the Western Front. In 1902 the Battery was known as 54 Company Royal Garrison Artillery, but by 1924 had amalgamated with 55 Company and renamed 8 Heavy Battery Royal Artillery. During the First World War the Battery frequently engaged German submarines and the Governor, General Sir Aylmer Hunter-Weston ????, presented a pair of binoculars to the Rock Fishing Club! On the night of 31st December 1915 enemy submarines attacked the fortress; the South Mole Battery and Elbow Battery, manned by Rogers's Company, opened fire on the enemy and managed to drive them off. The Army Council wrote to congratulate the Battery on its actions:

“Relative to an engagement of hostile submarines on the night of 31st December1915, I am commanded by the Army Council to say that they concur in the view expressed by you, that this occurrence reflects great credit on the vigilance and training of the Royal Garrison Artillery”

After 21 years based at Gibraltar the Battery returned England. Initially on return to England the Battery was involved in trials and firing at Fort Yaverland. Throughout the inter war years the Battery fluctuated between coast defence in Ireland and coastal defence on mainland England. In 1938 the evacuation of the Queenstown Harbour defences took place and a ceremonial parade was held to hand over to the Eireann Army. Because 19th Heavy Battery was being made up to war strength many NCOs and men were taken from the Battery and 1 and 8 Heavy Batteries were reduced to cadre strength and amalgamated to form 8 Heavy Battery RA.

The Second World War

In September 1939 the Battery became 2nd Coast Defence Training Battery RA as part of 2nd Heavy Regiment in the Royal Citadel in Plymouth. This Regiment was formed on the evacuation of the North and South Irish coast defences in July 1938.  ?????1 and 8 Heavy Batteries were re-formed and became 1st and 2nd Coast Training Batteries. They received recruits from the RA Depot and trained them as Coast Defence gunners.

The Post War Years

In August 1946 the battery was stationed at Llandudno under the title 8th (Rogers's Company) Coast Battery RA. They were involved in training on the 5.25-inch dual purpose gun in preparation for the Coast Artillery Gunnery course, firing at both sea and air targets. In 1947 The Battery was renumbered 30 (Rogers's Company) Coast Battery and 2 Coast Training Regiment was renamed 16 Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment RA. The camp was subsequently renamed Waterloo camp after the Battery’s most significant action. The Regiment, and 30 Battery with it, moved to Bulford in 1950, on to Osnabruck in 1952 equipped with 40 mm Bofors guns, then back to Bulford four years later.

Cyprus 1956-57

In 1956 the Battery took part in the Suez operation. After pausing to train in Malta, it deployed to Tymbou Airfield, Cyprus, to provide air defence cover to the airfield from which the French parachute operation against Port Said was mounted. The Battery dug in around the airfield and undertook the energy-sapping task of being continuously at two hours readiness. In December 1956 the battery exchanged its air defence task for an internal security role that saw them move all over the Island including Dhekelia, Larnaka and Episkopi, carrying out vehicle checkpoints, OP s and other garrison duties.

Confrontation with Indonesia, 1962-66

Between Cyprus and the next operational deployment to Malaysia, the Battery bounced between Bulford, Shorncliffe and Krefeld in Germany. After what sounds like a fairly indulgent 10-day Battery skiing trip to Winterberg, they deployed to Malaysia to provide low-level air defence of Kuching Airfield in the Confrontation with Indonesia. This was an exciting time for the Battery as they also conducted mobile fighting patrols, all this thousands of miles from home and in a jungle environment. In addition, the Battery provided two FOOs and two mortar detachments in support of the infantry. The Battery was then quartered at Nee Soon in Singapore from where they conducted a firing camp at China Rock, where A Sub gained the nickname, Shiney Alpha after some exceptionally good shooting. R & R was also on the agenda and families were ferried out to a remote island for a big barbeque. The Battery was then posted back to Borneo in its operational role but this was very short lived as the campaign came to a swift end and it found itself posted once again to the middle of nowhere, this time Barton Stacey in Hampshire.

Northern Ireland

There was nothing glamorous about Rogers's deployment to Hollywood Barracks Belfast in 1970 once again on internal security duties, this time in Ireland. Adaptable as ever, the Battery requisitioned a tin hut and a club-house for accommodation. Initially the Battery had deployed to cover the marching season but this was soon extended to a full four-month tour. The early part of the tour was active for all the Battery in terms of riot control, but the latter half of the tour was more sedate with the soldiers helping families recover from the terrible flooding that hit south Belfast. In September the Battery was redeployed to take responsibility for Andersonstown as part of the Whiterock AOR (area of operational responsibility). Two years later the Battery was posted back to Ireland, again in a dismounted role, but this time to Londonderry to protect the docks and commercial centre of the City. The first major incident that they had to deal with was a car bomb: the car was parked up at Boating Club Lane but the bombers gave a different location in their warning which the Battery duly cleared. The incident passed fortunately without injury to anybody but it anybody but it set the tone for the disturbances that took place over Christmas that year culminating in the Strand bombing. It was noted in one journal that the boys did particularly well for Christmas presents that year, so it wasn’t all bad!

The Battery went back to Londonderry again in 1976, this time to the Bogside AOR. This was to prove to be quite an eventful tour of duty. First blood came on 29 June when 179lbs of explosives were found during an afternoon search. The terrorist tried to leave his explosives at the cordon but he managed to slip and blow himself up! This was then followed by the Rossville incident on 6 July when a routine patrol made contact. Gnr Ferguson was hit in the thigh and therefore the remainder of the patrol returned fire. The other part of the multiple patrol ran into the block of flats where the shots had come from, where they identified the firing point and found an Armalite rifle and full magazine. In the follow up operation two men were arrested and handed over to the RUC. Sgt Lovelace was Mentioned in Dispatches for his role in the incident. During the remainder of the tour the Battery uncovered more explosives and weapons.

Between 1977 and 1979 the Battery undertook some other unusual and interesting activities, among them manning the Green Goddess fire engines in Sheffield during the fireman's strike, training in the infantry role in Cyprus and carrying out public duties at the Tower of London including the Ceremony of the Keys. The Battery also said farewell to the L40/70 Bofors at a Farewell to the Bofors Parade and, most significantly, the Battery took over the new Rapier Field Standard A (FSA) air defence missile system and went up to the Hebrides on its first live firing camp. Today this technology seems old hat, with only an optical system and no thermal imaging. The Battery, still with 16 Air Defence Regiment, moved between Rapier Barracks, Kirton-in-Lindsey, Lincolnshire and Napier Barracks, Dortmund.

Following another tour in Ireland in 1980 which had begun with a find of a weapons cache in the gardens of a convent (reported as a bit of a “nun”-event), the Battery resumed its air defence role in January 1981 and took part in a ground-breaking exercise called Ex Mallet Blow: the Battery was incorporated into an RAF bombing exercise to improve the realism for the pilots and navigators. This allowed the new Rapier weapon system to be tested in its tracking capability in a realistic environment. Operators and pilots alike duly praised the system. Not long after this, in March 1983, members of the Battery deployed to San Carlos Water in the Falklands. A number of problems with the Rapier system became apparent in the operational environmental.

The FSA towed Rapier system was eventually replaced with the tracked Rapier system in 1993 and 30 Battery converted to the new system, the Mark 1B Final, which had optical and thermal imagery capability. In 1995, as part of the redeployment of the Army following the end of the Cold War, the Battery moved to Woolwich, where it remains today and where it received the highly capable Rapier FSC, 30 Battery being the first to convert. Since the battery has been based at Woolwich it has been up to the Hebrides to fire the equipment live on an annual basis, regularly winning the best recce group and best command post awards. In 2000 the Battery shipped its equipment to Falklands to live fire in a very realistic war environment.

2002 The Battery prepared for another trip to Cyprus, as part of the UN Force guarding the Green Line between the hostile Greek and Turkish communities.