Bad (tour)
World tour by Michael Jackson | |
File:Bad World Tour 1988.jpg | |
Associated album | Bad |
---|---|
Start date | September 12, 1987 |
End date | January 27, 1989 |
Legs | 2 |
No. of shows | 54 in North America 41 in Europe 23 in Asia 5 in Australia 123 in total |
Michael Jackson concert chronology |
Bad was the debut concert tour by American recording artist Michael Jackson, launched in support of his seventh studio album of the same name (1987). Sponsored by Pepsi and spanning 16 months, the tour included 123 concerts to 4.4 million fans across 15 countries. The tour grossed $125 million ($247 million in 2012 currency), adding four new entries in the Guinness World Records for the largest grossing tour in history, the tour with the largest attended audience, the most successful concert series and the most sold out shows at Wembley Stadium.[1] [2] In April 1989, the tour was nominated for "Tour of the Year 1988" at the inaugural International Rock Awards. A live album and DVD of the July 16, 1988 concert in London was released along with the special edition reissue of the Bad album titled Bad 25 on September 18, 2012.[3]
Background
First leg (1987)
On June 29, 1987, Jackson's manager Frank DiLeo announced the singer's plan to embark on his first solo world concert tour.[4] Sponsored by Pepsi,[5] the tour began in Japan, marking Jackson's first performances in the country since 1973 as part of The Jackson 5.[6] The first nine scheduled concerts that began on September 12 sold out within hours, and five more were added due to high demand.[7] Over 600 journalists, cameramen and fans waited for Jackson's arrival to the country at Tokyo's Narita International Airport.[8] His pet chimpanzee Bubbles, who took a separate flight, was greeted by more than 300 people.[8] A chartered jumbo jet was used to carry 22 truckloads of equipment, along with Jackson's entourage of 132 for the tour.[9] The stage set used 700 lights, 100 speakers, 40 lasers, three mirrors and two 24-by-18 foot screens. Performers wore 70 costumes, four of which were attached with fiber optic lights.[10]
While in Tokyo, Australian pop music critic Molly Meldrum conducted an exclusive interview Jackson and DiLeo that was featured on 60 Minutes in the United States.[8] On September 18, Jackson was handed the Key to the City by Yasushi Oshima, the mayor of Osaka. He was accompanied by Bubbles, who was the first animal allowed inside the city's town hall. Jackson dedicated his Japanese concerts to Yoshioka Hagiwara, a five-year-old boy who was kidnapped and murdered, and gave £12,000 to the parents of Hagiwara.[11] Attendance figures for the first 14 dates in Japan totalled a record-breaking 450,000.[7] Crowds of 200,000 were what past performers could manage to draw for a single tour.[12] Nippon Television was a co-sponsor with Pepsi for the Japanese dates.[7]
In October 1987, scheduled shows in Perth and Adelaide in Australia were cancelled. A New Zealand leg was also scrapped. Kevin Jacobson, the tour's promoter, put it down to financial reasons with the original schedule having to cost $8 million to stage.[13] Jackson performed five concerts in Melbourne, Sydney and Brisbane in Australia in November. While off stage, he spent time visiting sick children at their homes in the Sydney suburbs.[8]
Second leg (1988–1989)
Rehearsals for the tour's second leg took place at the Pensacola Civic Center in Pensacola, Florida from January 22 to February 18, 1988.[14] On the last day of preparation, Jackson allowed 420 school pupils to watch him rehearse after the children made him a rap music video in his honour.[15] The first performances were to begin in Atlanta, Georgia, yet Pepsi officials objected as the city was home to rival drinks company Coca-Cola.[16] For both Atlanta shows, Jackson gave 100 tickets to the Children's Wish Foundation for terminally ill children.[17] The first of three concerts at Madison Square Garden in New York City in March served as a benefit to raise $500,000 to the United Negro College Fund.[18] Jackson presented a check of $600,000 to the fund.[19]
Jackson began his European tour in Rome at the Flaminio Stadium on May 23, 1988. Police and security guards rescued hundreds of fans from being crushed in the crowd of 30,000.[20] Police reported 130 women fainted at the concert in Vienna on June 2.[21] A scheduled performance in Lyon was cancelled after 16,000 of a planned 30,000 tickets were sold.[22] On June 17, Jackson travelled to the town of Vevey to meet Oona O'Neill, the widow of comic actor Charlie Chaplin. "I have fulfilled by biggest childhood dream", said Jackson after the visit.[23] The most successful of the European dates were those in London at Wembley Stadium. Ticket demand for the five July dates exceeded 1.5 million, enough to fill the 72,000 capacity venue 20 times.[24] Jackson performed seven sold out shows, beating the previous record held by Madonna, Bruce Springsteen and Genesis. More shows could have been added, but the venue had reached its quota for live performances.[24] The third concert on July 16 was attended by Diana, Princess of Wales and Prince Charles.[25] On September 8, Jackson was entered into the Guinness World Records, the first of three times from the tour alone. The Wembley shows were attended by a record 504,000 people. Management also presented him with a special award.[26] On July 30, NBC aired Michael Jackson Around the World, a 90-minute special documenting the singer on tour.[27] On August 29, after a birthday performance in Leeds, Jackson donated $130,000 to Give For Life.[26] The final European show was held in Liverpool on September 11, staged at Aintree Racecourse. 1,550 fans were reported injured among the crowd of 125,000.[26][28]
In September 1988, Jackson toured the United States for the second time. On October 23, he donated $125,000, the net proceeds to first show in Detroit, to the city's Motown Museum.[29] Three concerts in Tacoma, Washington were cancelled after Jackson came down with the flu.[30] The tour was planned to end in Tokyo, but Jackson suffered from swollen vocal cords after the first of six concerts in Los Angeles in November. The remaining five were rescheduled for January 1989. During the December 11 show in Tokyo, nine-year old Ayana Takada was selected to receive a certificate by Jackson to commemorate the four millionth person to attend the tour.[31]
Five performances in Los Angeles were held to conclude the tour on January 27, 1989. In 16 months, Jackson performed 123 concerts in 15 countries to an audience of 4.4 million for a total gross of $125 million.[2][32] The American tour alone grossed a total of $20.3 million, the sixth largest of the year.[2] Guinness World Records recognized the tour as the largest grossing in history and the tour to play to the most people ever.[2] In April 1989, the tour was nominated for "Tour of the Year 1988" at the inaugural International Rock Awards. It lost to Amnesty International.[33]
Support Act
- Kim Wilde (Europe)[34]
- Taylor Dayne (Europe) (Selected Dates)[35]
Set list
- "Wanna Be Startin' Somethin'"
- "Things I Do for You"
- "Off the Wall"
- "Human Nature"
- "Heartbreak Hotel (a.k.a. This Place Hotel)
- "She's Out of My Life"
- The Jackson 5 Medley
- "Rock with You"
- "Lovely One"
- "Bad Groove" Interlude
- "Workin' Day and Night"
- "Beat It"
- "Billie Jean"
- "Shake Your Body (Down to the Ground)" featuring snippet of "Don't Stop 'til You Get Enough"
- "Thriller"
- "I Just Can't Stop Loving You" duet with Sheryl Crow
- "Bad"
- "Wanna Be Startin' Somethin'"
- "Heartbreak Hotel (a.k.a. This Place Hotel)
- "Another Part of Me"
- "I Just Can't Stop Loving You" duet with Sheryl Crow
- "She's Out of My Life"
- The Jackson 5 Medley
- "Rock with You"
- "Human Nature"
- "Smooth Criminal"
- "Dirty Diana"
- "Thriller"
- "Bad Groove" Interlude
- "Workin' Day and Night"
- "Beat It"
- "Billie Jean"
- "Bad"
- "The Way You Make Me Feel"
- "Man in the Mirror"
- Note
- Stevie Wonder made a surprise appearance at the Brisbane concert on November 28, 1987 at the end of the performance of "Bad".[38]
- The "Bad Groove" interlude involved the band playing an extended instrumental of "It's Gonna Be a Beautiful Night" by Prince from his 1987 album Sign o' the Times. The second leg piece grew longer and an instrumental of "Don't Stop 'til You Get Enough" from Jackson's 1979 album Off the Wall was added. The band members also perform their own solo with keyboards first, followed by bass guitar then drums. During the second leg spots in the interlude session varied, such as the additional solo from guitarist Jon Clark.
- In a few concerts of the second leg there were some order switches of songs, mostly two or more of the first ~9 songs, such as "Human Nature" coming after "Another Part of Me".
- For his March 1988 performances at Madison Square Garden in New York, Steve Stevens (Guitar - Billy Idol) performed on "Dirty Diana", as he had on the recording.
- During the performance of "The Way You Make Me Feel" at Madison Square Garden, the model Tatiana Thumbtzen would join Jackson for a one-off performance in New York, where she kissed Jackson in the middle of the song. While she was let go for appearing on any future shows, she was never hired to be on the tour to begin with. Backup singer Sheryl Crow was always the woman to fill that role on the tour.
- Princess Diana and Prince Charles attended the July 16 show at Wembley Stadium. "Dirty Diana" was meant to be taken out of the setlist because Jackson thought that it would offend her Royal Highness, but when Princess Diana stated backstage that "Dirty Diana" was her favourite song of Jackson's, he re-added it to the set list.
- "The Way You Make Me Feel" was taken out of the setlist on selected dates due to a late timing of the shows or other unknown reasons.
- During the tour, Jackson performed "I Just Can't Stop Loving You" live on stage with background vocalist Sheryl Crow.
- At every tour stop, during "She's Out Of My Life", one girl was allowed to dance with Jackson on stage.
- "Man In The Mirror" was performed with different jackets and shirts for the performance, such as a blue shirt, a white shirt and the jacket used for "Bad".
- During the last concert dates in Tokyo and Los Angeles, the white shirt which was sometimes used for "Man In The Mirror" was used for "The Way You Make Me Feel" instead of a blue shirt.
Tour dates
Date | City | Country | Venue |
---|---|---|---|
Asia | |||
September 12, 1987 | Tokyo | Japan | Korakuen Stadium |
September 13, 1987 | |||
September 14, 1987 | |||
September 19, 1987 | Nishinomiya | Hankyu Nishinomiya Stadium | |
September 20, 1987 | |||
September 21, 1987 | |||
September 25, 1987 | Yokohama | Yokohama Stadium | |
September 26, 1987 | |||
September 27, 1987 | |||
October 3, 1987 | |||
October 4, 1987 | |||
October 10, 1987 | Osaka | Osaka Stadium | |
October 11, 1987 | |||
October 12, 1987 | |||
Australia | |||
November 13, 1987 | Melbourne | Australia | Olympic Park Stadium |
November 20, 1987 | Sydney | Parramatta Stadium | |
November 21, 1987 | |||
November 25, 1987 | Brisbane | Brisbane Entertainment Centre | |
November 28, 1987 | |||
North America opening dates | |||
February 23, 1988 | Kansas City | United States | Kemper Arena |
February 24, 1988 | |||
30th Grammy Awards show[39] | |||
March 2, 1988 | New York City | United States | Radio City Music Hall |
North America | |||
March 3, 1988[40] | New York City | United States | Madison Square Garden |
March 4, 1988 | |||
March 5, 1988 | |||
March 13, 1988 | St. Louis | St. Louis Arena | |
March 18, 1988 | Indianapolis | Market Square Arena | |
March 19, 1988 | |||
March 20, 1988 | Louisville | Freedom Hall | |
March 23, 1988 | Denver | McNichols Sports Arena | |
March 24, 1988 | |||
March 30, 1988 | Hartford | Hartford Civic Arena | |
March 31, 1988 | |||
April 1, 1988 | |||
April 8, 1988 | Houston | The Summit | |
April 9, 1988 | |||
April 10, 1988 | |||
April 13, 1988 | Atlanta | Omni Coliseum | |
April 14, 1988 | |||
April 15, 1988 | |||
April 19, 1988 | Rosemont | Rosemont Horizon | |
April 20, 1988 | |||
April 21, 1988 | |||
April 25, 1988 | Dallas | Reunion Arena | |
April 26, 1988 | |||
April 27, 1988 | |||
May 4, 1988 | Minneapolis | Met Center | |
May 5, 1988 | |||
May 6, 1988 | |||
Europe | |||
May 23, 1988 | Rome | Italy | Stadio Flaminio |
May 24, 1988 | |||
May 29, 1988 | Turin | Stadio Olimpico di Torino | |
June 2, 1988 | Vienna | Austria | Praterstadion |
June 5, 1988 | Rotterdam | Netherlands | Feijenoord Stadium |
June 6, 1988 | |||
June 7, 1988 | |||
June 11, 1988 | Gothenburg | Sweden | Eriksberg Docks Grounds |
June 12, 1988 | |||
June 16, 1988 | Basel | Switzerland | St. Jakob Stadium |
June 19, 1988 | West Berlin | West Germany | Reichstag Grounds |
June 27, 1988 | Paris | France | Parc des Princes Stadium |
June 28, 1988 | |||
July 1, 1988 | Hamburg | West Germany | Volksparkstadion |
July 3, 1988 | Cologne | Müngersdorfer Stadium | |
July 8, 1988 | Munich | Olympic Stadium | |
July 10, 1988 | Hockenheim | Hockenheimring | |
July 14, 1988 | London | United Kingdom | Wembley Stadium |
July 15, 1988 | |||
July 16, 1988 Michael Jackson: Live at Wembley July 16, 1988 | |||
July 22, 1988 | |||
July 23, 1988 | |||
July 26, 1988 | Cardiff | Cardiff Arms Park | |
July 30, 1988 | Cork | Ireland | Páirc Uí Chaoimh |
July 31, 1988 | |||
August 5, 1988 | Marbella | Spain | Estadio Municipal de Marbella |
August 7, 1988 | Madrid | Estadio Vicente Calderón | |
August 9, 1988 | Barcelona | Camp Nou | |
August 11, 1988 | Nice | France | Stade Charles-Ehrmann |
August 14, 1988 | Montpellier | Stade Richter | |
August 19, 1988 | Lausanne | Switzerland | Stade Olympique de la Pontaise |
August 21, 1988 | Würzburg | West Germany | Talavera Wiesen Grounds |
August 23, 1988 | Werchter | Belgium | Werchter Festival Ground |
August 26, 1988 | London | United Kingdom | Wembley Stadium |
August 27, 1988 | |||
August 29, 1988 | Leeds | Roundhay Park | |
September 2, 1988 | Hanover | West Germany | Niedersachsenstadion |
September 4, 1988 | Gelsenkirchen | Parkstadion | |
September 6, 1988 | Linz | Austria | Linzer Stadium |
September 10, 1988 | Milton Keynes | United Kingdom | The National Bowl |
September 11, 1988 | Liverpool | Aintree Racecourse | |
North America | |||
September 26, 1988 | Pittsburgh | United States | Pittsburgh Civic Arena |
September 27, 1988 | |||
September 28, 1988 | |||
October 3, 1988 | East Rutherford | Meadowlands Arena | |
October 4, 1988 | |||
October 5, 1988 | |||
October 10, 1988 | Richfield | Coliseum at Richfield | |
October 11, 1988 | |||
October 13, 1988 | Landover | Capital Centre | |
October 17, 1988 | |||
October 18, 1988 | |||
October 19, 1988 | |||
October 24, 1988 | Auburn Hills | The Palace of Auburn Hills | |
October 25, 1988 | |||
October 26, 1988 | |||
November 7, 1988 | Irvine | Irvine Meadows Amphitheater | |
November 8, 1988 | |||
November 9, 1988 | |||
November 13, 1988 | Los Angeles | Los Angeles Memorial Sports Arena | |
Asia | |||
December 9, 1988 | Tokyo | Japan | Tokyo Dome |
December 10, 1988 | |||
December 11, 1988 | |||
December 17, 1988 | |||
December 18, 1988 | |||
December 19, 1988 | |||
December 24, 1988 | |||
December 25, 1988 | |||
December 26, 1988 | |||
North America | |||
January 16, 1989 | Los Angeles | United States | Los Angeles Memorial Sports Arena |
January 17, 1989 | |||
January 18, 1989 | |||
January 26, 1989 | |||
January 27, 1989 |
Planned concerts, cancellations and postponements
During the 1988 leg of the Bad tour five concerts were cancelled while on the road and five concerts were rescheduled. The cancellations and postponements were mostly caused by health reasons. According to the sources, the planned, cancelled and postponed concerts were as follows:
- November 87: Perth, Australia; (This concert was planned to take place in November 1987, but was discontinued 28 October 1987.)[41][42]
- November 87: Adelaide, Australia; (This concert was planned to take place in November 1987, but was discontinued 28 October 1987.)[43][44]
- 12/02/87: Wellington, New Zealand, Athletic Park; (This concert was planned to take place in December 1987, but was discontinued 29 October 1987.)[45][46]
- 12/06/87: Auckland, New Zealand, Mt Smart Stadium (This concert was planned to take place in December 1987, but was discontinued 29 October 1987.)[47][48]
- 03/12/88: St. Louis, United States, St. Louis Arena; Cancelled and rescheduled to March 14, 1988 (Due to health problems.)[49]
- 03/14/88: St. Louis, United States, St. Louis Arena; CANCELLED (Due to Laryngitis.)[50]
- 06/23/88: Lyon, France, Stade de Gerland; CANCELLED[51][52]
- 10/30/88: Tacoma, Washington, Tacoma Dome; CANCELLED (Although this concert was sold out, it was never rescheduled.)[53][54]
- 11/01/88: Tacoma, United States, Tacoma Dome; CANCELLED (Although this concert was sold out, it was never rescheduled.)[55][56]
- 11/02/88: Tacoma, United States, Tacoma Dome; CANCELLED (Although this concert was sold out, it was never rescheduled.)[57][58]
- 11/14/88: Los Angeles, United States, Los Angeles Memorial Sports Arena; Rescheduled to January 16, 1989[59]
- 11/15/88: Los Angeles, United States, Los Angeles Memorial Sports Arena; Rescheduled to January 17, 1989[60]
- 11/20/88: Los Angeles, United States, Los Angeles Memorial Sports Arena; Rescheduled to January 18, 1989[61]
- 11/21/88: Los Angeles, United States, Los Angeles Memorial Sports Arena; Rescheduled to January 26, 1989[62]
- 11/22/88: Los Angeles, United States, Los Angeles Memorial Sports Arena; Rescheduled to January 27, 1989[63]
Broadcasts & Recordings
There has been several professionally filmed concerts bootlegs from Yokohama, Tokyo, Osaka and half of Brisbane. The Yokohama concert, performed on September 26, was considered to be the best quality and most complete, but before 2012, no full concert from the second leg was released in full (with the exception of audience-filmed video). Jackson's 1988 concerts in Tokyo and Rome leaked in the Internet through collectors. However these collectors refused to release the full concert and only 15 – 30 Minutes were leaked with a watermark in the center of the image. In August 2005, fans created an online petition to support an official release of a Bad tour concert in 1988, with heavy interest in the release of a London concert at Wembley Stadium. Although footage of concerts at Wembley among other European locations were prominently featured in promos and music videos such as Another Part of Me, and the Brace Yourself intro in Jackson's dangerous tour, the entire concert has never been released. Although the target was 10,000 signatures, the petition continues to grow even to this day, with a total of more than 20,000. Jackson himself stated he never wanted the concerts released in full, preferring fans to see him live.
After rumors speculating the release of a concert in 2012 to mark the 25 year anniversary of the Bad album, Sony announced plans to release special Bad 25 packages on September 18, 2012, including a digitally advanced Bad album, a CD of demos and outtakes, a live concert DVD and CD and the much anticipated release of a Bad concert from Wembley Stadium, London on July 16th 1988, reportedly sourced of footage, from a VHS, in Jackson's personal collection. The concert was attended by Prince Charles and Princess Diana. The DVD has been faced with some criticism over poor video quality as the estate reported it was unable to find a Umatic copy of a Wembley show.
Personnel
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References
- ^ http://www.amazon.co.uk/Michael-Jackson-Live-Wembley-July/dp/B0084I9QIW/ref=pd_sim_m_h__1
- ^ a b c d Campbell 1993, p. 236.
- ^ "25th Anniversary of Michael Jackson's Landmark Album Bad Celebrated With September 18 Release Of New Bad 25 Packages". Sony Music. michaeljackson.com. Retrieved 2012-05-31.
- ^ "Jackson sets solo world tour". The Miami News. June 30, 1987. Retrieved October 1, 2010.
- ^ Campbell 1993, p. 186.
- ^ "Michael Jackson's new tour to start in Japan". Manila Standard. July 2, 1987. Retrieved September 29, 2010.
- ^ a b c Campbell 1993, p. 208.
- ^ a b c d Bad Tour Programme (1988), Far East Report Cite error: The named reference "tourbook" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
- ^ "TheMichaelJacksonArchives – Bad Japan Tour 1987". Geraldine Hosier. News of the World. 1987.
- ^ "Michael Jackson craze hits Japan". New Straits Times. September 12, 1987. Retrieved September 29, 2010.
- ^ "TheMichaelJacksonArchives – Bad Japan Tour 1987". Unknown publisher, editor and date.
- ^ "Jackson to Make First Solo U.S. Tour". Richard Harrington. The Washington Post. January 12, 1988.
- ^ "Bad tour news". The Age. October 30, 1987. Retrieved September 29, 2010.
- ^ Snider, Eric (January 15, 1988). "'Bad' tour: Pensacola is southern limit". St. Petersburg Times. Retrieved December 11, 2009.
- ^ "Michael Jackson entertains 420 Florida pupils". St. Petersburg Times. February 20, 1988. Retrieved September 30, 2010.
- ^ Campbell 1993, p. 212.
- ^ Campbell 1993, p. 213.
- ^ Decurtis, Anthony (February 10, 1988). "Michael Jackson plans U.S., European tours". Anchorage Daily News. Retrieved September 30, 2010.
- ^ Campbell 1993, p. 189.
- ^ "Michael Jackson". Gettysburg Times. May 25, 1988. Retrieved September 30, 2010.
- ^ "130 fans faint at Jackson concert". The Telegraph. June 4, 1988. Retrieved September 30, 2010.
- ^ "Jackson's French tour lags". St. Petersburg Times. June 20, 1988. Retrieved September 30, 2010.
- ^ "Michael Jackson Oona Chaplin". Gettysburg Times. June 20, 1988. Retrieved September 30, 2010.
- ^ a b Campbell 1993, p. 216.
- ^ Campbell 1993, p. 217.
- ^ a b c Halstead 2003, p. 80.
- ^ "Stay up tonight to catch Michael Jackson on tour". Boca Raton News. July 30, 1988. Retrieved October 2, 2010.
- ^ "1,550 injured at Jackson concert". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. September 12, 1988. Retrieved September 30, 2010.
- ^ "Michael Jackson Donates $125,000 to Motown Museum". The Argus-Press. October 24, 1988. Retrieved October 2, 2010.
- ^ "Jackson concert cancelled". Ellensburg Daily Record. October 31, 1988. Retrieved September 30, 2010.
- ^ "Jackson greets 4 millionth fan". Anchorage Daily News. December 12, 1988. Retrieved September 30, 2010.
- ^ "Michael's Last Tour". Ebony. April 1989. pp. 142–153. Retrieved October 2, 2010.
- ^ Halstead 2003, p. 85.
- ^ http://www.guardian.co.uk/music/2009/jun/28/michaeljackson-popandrock
- ^ http://uk.askmen.com/celebs/women/singer_100/125_taylor_dayne.html
- ^ a b Halstead 2003, p. 79.
- ^ http://en.michaeljackson.ro/live/appearances/30th-annual-grammy-awards%284%29
- ^ Campbell 1993, p. 210.
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- ^ http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=lJxdAAAAIBAJ&sjid=01wNAAAAIBAJ&pg=2276,7081142&dq=michael+jackson+tacoma&hl=en
- ^ http://books.google.ee/books?id=BVC9zltjf-EC&printsec=frontcover&dq=lisa+d+campbell&source=bl&ots=moJA6IOiNq&sig=KWUgQcd5gGzfV1TkIiGaunvEiic&hl=en&sa=X&ei=fBcdUP3nDsf4sgbAlYCQBA&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=scheduled%20for%20los%20angeles&f=false
- ^ http://books.google.ee/books?id=BVC9zltjf-EC&printsec=frontcover&dq=lisa+d+campbell&source=bl&ots=moJA6IOiNq&sig=KWUgQcd5gGzfV1TkIiGaunvEiic&hl=en&sa=X&ei=fBcdUP3nDsf4sgbAlYCQBA&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=scheduled%20for%20los%20angeles&f=false
- ^ http://books.google.ee/books?id=BVC9zltjf-EC&printsec=frontcover&dq=lisa+d+campbell&source=bl&ots=moJA6IOiNq&sig=KWUgQcd5gGzfV1TkIiGaunvEiic&hl=en&sa=X&ei=fBcdUP3nDsf4sgbAlYCQBA&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=scheduled%20for%20los%20angeles&f=false
- ^ http://books.google.ee/books?id=BVC9zltjf-EC&printsec=frontcover&dq=lisa+d+campbell&source=bl&ots=moJA6IOiNq&sig=KWUgQcd5gGzfV1TkIiGaunvEiic&hl=en&sa=X&ei=fBcdUP3nDsf4sgbAlYCQBA&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=scheduled%20for%20los%20angeles&f=false
- ^ http://books.google.ee/books?id=BVC9zltjf-EC&printsec=frontcover&dq=lisa+d+campbell&source=bl&ots=moJA6IOiNq&sig=KWUgQcd5gGzfV1TkIiGaunvEiic&hl=en&sa=X&ei=fBcdUP3nDsf4sgbAlYCQBA&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=scheduled%20for%20los%20angeles&f=false
Sources
- Campbell, Lisa D. (1993). Michael Jackson: The King of Pop (1st ed.). Branden Books. ISBN 978-0-8283-1957-7.
- Halstead, Craig (2003). Michael Jackson The Solo Years (1st ed.). Authors On Line, Ltd. ISBN 978-0-7552-0091-7.