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The Dilazak (Urdu : دلزاک) are a Pashtun tribe of the Karlani branch, found in their native lands in PakhtunkhwaPakistan and Afghanistan. As with all other communities Dilazaks or their descendants can be found in other Asian and Western states.

History

The Dilazak originally lived in eastern Afghanistan, p[resent day Pakistan, in the Sulaiman Range. They were the first of the Pashtun tribes from the region to migrate north-eastwards. They descended to the valley of Peshawar during the time of the Samanid Dynasty, between 750 and 850 CE.[1] The Dilazak expelled or subdued the other tribes of the area, such as the Swati, Degan and Tirahi tribes.[2] By the time of Mahmud Ghaznavi (around 1000 AD), the Dilazak had reached the Indus River (then called Abasin or Neelaab).[3] They participated in the campaigns of Mahmud of Ghazni in large numbers under their leader, Malik Yahya Khan.[4] In the 500 years that followed, they extended up to Hassan Abdal (near Taxila) and towards the north up to Abbottabad. According to the Ain-i-Akbari (written around 1590 CE), the Dilazak were the only Afghan tribe that possessed lands in the Hazara Qaarlugh.[5][6]

Around 1520, another Pashtun tribe, the Yusufzae, was expelled from Kabul by Mirza Ulugh Beg, a paternal uncle of the Mughal Emperor Babur.[7] The Yusufzae migrated to the Peshawar valley, where they sought and received help from the Dilazak.[8] Later, the relationship between the two tribes deteriorated and a long war ensued.[9] 20 years later, at the battle of Katlang, the Yusufzai, the Utmanzai and other tribes pushed the Dilazak east of the Indus River, under the leadership of Malik Ahmed Khan.[10]

Dispersal by the Mughals

The Mughal had fluctuating relations with the Afghans. The Dilazak were on the eastern side of the Indus River and thus vulnerable to the Mughal army. Around 1607, while on his way to Kabul, Mughal emperor Jahangir left his large army under the command of Zaffar Khan Koka, son of Zain Khan Koka, and ordered him to wipe out the Dilazak and arrest the leaders of the Khattar tribe.[11] Zaffar Khan Koka complied with the orders and deported 100,000 families of the Dilazak to Lahore for further dispersal throughout India.[12] Only a few families of the Dilazak survived.

Return under Shahjahan

Most of the Dilazak returned during the reign of the Mughal king Shahjahan, and settled in parts of North West Frontier Province (renamed Khyber Pakhtoon Khawa in 2010) and Punjab, in their old homes.[13] One of them, Saleh Khan, settled with his family in Sara-e-Saleh and Tir in Haripur District.[14]

Sections or branches of the Dilazak include the Shamseer Khani, Nusrat Khel and Anayat Khani.[15]

The Dilazak are found throughout Pakistan, in these districts:


The Dilazak are found in India, in these districts:

Members of this tribe also dwell in Afghanistan, Burma, Bangladesh, Germany, India, Indonesia, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom and United States of America.

References

  1. ^ "'Taareekh-e-Hazara (Urdu-1969) by Dr. Sher Bahadur Khan Panni. P 295-313,"Saqafat-e-Sarhud_Taareekh ke Aaeene Men" (Urdu) by Qari Javed Iqbal_published by 'Lok Virsa_Pakistan_2002 p 22-23,"Solat-e-Afghani"(Urdu) by Haji Muhammad Zardar Khan_ printed at 'Munshi Nol Kishore printing press'_' printing year not given' p 491-492
  2. ^ "Tazkira tul Abrar Wal Ashrar" (Farsi) by Akhund Derweza (d.1638), Taareekh-e-Hazara"(Urdu) by Dr. Sher Bahadur Khan Panni_second edition_1969 ad p 295-313, "Afghanistan and its inhabitants" by Henry Priestley_1874 reproduced by Sang-e-Meel Publications_Pakistan_1981 p 55/56, p- 197/198, "Races of Afghanistan" by H.w.Bellew_published by Sheikh Mubarak Ali_Lahore_Pakistan p 63-76
  3. ^ "Taareekh-e-Hazara" (Urdu) by Dr. Sher Bahadur Khan Panni_first edition_1969 p 295-313,"Taareekh-e-Wadi-e-Chhachh and Aqwaam-e-Chhachh" (Urdu) by Manzoor Awan p 175-182, "Afghanistan and its inhabitants" by Henry Priestley_1874 (reproduced by Sang-e-Meel Publications_Pakistan_1981 p-55/56, p- 197/198, "Da Pasto Qabeelo Shajre o Mene" (Pashto) by Muhammad Umar Rond Miakhel_2001 p 346-347
  4. ^ "Afghanistan and its inhabitants"(1874) by Henry Priestley p-55/56,l29-31,p 197/198,"Da Pasto Qabeelo Rawayati Nasbi Shajre o Taareek" (Pashto) by Sial Momand_1986 p249-250, "Taareekh-e-Pashtoon" by Sher Muhammad Khan_translated by Saraj Ahmed Alvi_edition 1979 p 200
  5. ^ Hazara Qaarlugh was a term used during the Mughal period for an administrative unit collocated with the modern Hazara Division of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Attock District and Hassan Abdal Tehsil of Punjab Province.
  6. ^ "Ain-i-Akbari" (Urdu) by Abul fazal_translated by Maulvi Fida Ali_edition 2007_published by Sang-e-Meel publications_p 1036_table serial 37, "Memoir of Jahangir" by the late Sir H.M.Elloit_edited by Professor John dowson_first published 1871_this ref is from Pakistani edition by Islamic Book Service edition 1975", "An Account of Kingdom of Kabul" (volume 2) by Mountstuart Elphinstone_ published by 'Oxford University Press_Karachi'p 10-13
  7. ^ "Afghanistan and its inhabitants" by Henry Priestley p 100-106, "Gazetteer of the Peshawar District p-53/54, "The Pathans" by Sir Olaf Caroe p 153,173/174, "Taareekh-e-Hazara" (Urdu) by Dr. Sher Bahadur Khan Panni_first edition_1969 p 295-313, "Yousafzae" (Urdu) by Allah Bakhush Yousafzai_edition 1960 p 218-219,"Mukhtasur Taareekh-e-Pashtoon"(Urdu) by Professor Hameedullah_2004 p 48
  8. ^ "Afghanistan and its inhabitants" by Henry Priestley p 101,103,l39-49,221/222,"Gazetteer of the Peshawar District" p 54 l24-28,157, "The Pathans" by Sir Olaf Caroe p 175, "Taareekh-e-Hazara (Urdu) by Dr. Sher Bahadur Khan Panni_first edition_1969 p 295-313, "Mukhtasur Taareekh-e-Pashtoon by Professor Hameedullah_2004 p 49
  9. ^ "Gazetteer of the Peshawar District" p 54,l28-31, "Afghanistan and its inhabitants" by Henry Priestley p 103/104, "Taareekh-e-Hazara (Urdu) by Dr. Sher Bahadur Khan Panni_first edition_1969 p 295-313, "Tawareekh-e-Hafiz Rahmat Khani" (Urdu) by Pir Moazzam Shah_rearranged with notes by 'Roshan Khan'_ published by Pashto academy-1976 p 83-570
  10. ^ "Afghanistan and its inhabitants" by Henry Priestley_1874 (Reproduced by Sang-e-Meel Publications_Pakistan_1981 p 55/56,129/142,222, "Yousafzae" (Urdu) by Allah Bakhush Yousafi_edition 1960 p 77-79,220-226, "The Kingdom of Afghanistan_A Historical Sketch by G.P.Tate'-1911_this reference book is published by 'Indus Publications_1973' p 12 (foot note),"Tawareekh-e-Hafiz Rahmat Khani" (Urdu) by Pir Moazzam Shah_rearranged with notes by 'Roshan khan'_ published by Pashto Academy-1976 p 83-570, "Hund-After the Great Floods" (Urdu) by Islah Publications_ p 58
  11. ^ "Afghanistan and its inhabitants" p 198, "Gazetteer of the Attock District" p 91,l37-41,"Yousafzae" (Urdu) by Allah Bakhush Yousafi_edition 1960 p 77-79, "Memoir of Jahangir" by the late Sir H.M.Elloit", "Taareekh-e-Hindustan_Saltanat-e-Islamia Ka Bian (Histories of Hindustan_Details of Islamic Kingdom) (Urdu)-volume 6_'Karnama-e-Jahangiri' p 52
  12. ^ "Gazetteer of the Attock District" p 91, "Afghanistan and its inhabitants" p 198, "Taareekh-e-Hazara_Turkon Ka Ehd (The Turk's period)(Urdu)" by Muhammad Irshad Khan M.A.M.Ed. _ published at Tufail art printers_Lahore (Pakistan) _1976 p 54, "Hayat-e-Afghan" by Nawab Muhammad Hayat Khan_1865 (Persian ed; English translation by JB Priestley pub 1874) p 371-37
  13. ^ "Punjabi Musalmans" p 152, "Taareekh-e-Hazara" (Urdu) by Dr. Sher Bahadur Khan Panni_second edition_1969 p 295-313
  14. ^ "Taareekh-e-Hazara" (Urdu) by Dr. Sher Bahadur Khan Panni_first edition_1969 p 295-313
  15. ^ "Taareekh-e-Hazara" (Urdu) by Dr. Sher Bahadur Khan Panni_second edition_1969 p 295-313
  16. ^ "There is said to be a colony of about four hundred families of them settled in dholpur-"Races of Afghanistan" by H.W.Bellew_published by Sheikh Mubarak Ali_Lahore_Pakistan p 68,"Taareekh-e-Hazara" (Urdu) by Dr. Sher Bahadur Khan Panni_second edition_1969 p 295-313, "Solat-e-Afghani"(Urdu) by Haji Muhammad Zardar Khan_ printed at 'Munshi Nol Kishore Printing Press'_ printing year not given p 491-492-"………it is believed that some of this tribe are also living in 'Bari Town' of Dholpur Area since then (After expulsion by Jahangir), but it is not proved by any book. Here their leader is Sardar Ahmed Khan Haji and their lands are from the king, out of which only Rupees 3000/- worth of property is left.....(Translated from Urdu)."
  • Maasir ul Ummara, vols 1-2
  • Taareekh e Iraadat khan, translated by Jonathan Scot
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