Sodium stannate

Sodium stannate

White powder of sodium stannate White powder of sodium stannate
Names
IUPAC name disodium dioxido(oxo)tin
Other names Sodium stannate(IV) Sodium tin oxide Disodium stannate Disodium tin trioxide
Identifiers
CAS Number	12058-66-1 (Anhydrous) Y 12209-98-2 (Trihydrate) Y 12027-70-2 (Hexahydroxide) Y
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
ChemSpider	23794 Y
ECHA InfoCard	100.031.554
EC Number	235-030-5
PubChem CID	25501
RTECS number	JN6345000
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID70891881
InChI InChI=1S/2Na.3O.Sn/q2*+1;;2*-1; Y Key: TVQLLNFANZSCGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y InChI=1S/2Na.3O.Sn/q2*+1;;2*-1; Key: UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYAH
SMILES [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Sn]([O-])=O
Properties
Chemical formula	Na2SnO3 (Anhydrous) Na2SnO3·3H2O (Trihydrate) Na2Sn(OH)6 (Hexahydroxide)
Molar mass	212.687739 g/mol (Anhydrous) 266.73 g/mol (Trihydrate)
Appearance	Colorless hexagonal plate crystal. White Crystalline powder.
Density	4.68 g/cm3
Melting point	140°C (Trihydrate)
Solubility in water	277 g/L
Hazards
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards	Very hazardous irritant in the cases of eye contact, ingestion, inhalation. Hazardous irritant and permeator by skin contact.
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)	2 0 0
Flash point	57°C
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD50 (median dose)	2132 mg/kg [Mouse]
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). Infobox references

Sodium Stannate is a hexagonal plate crystalline solid composed of a stannate anion bonded ionically to two sodium cations.

Sodium stannate is primarily used in industries that deal with the electro-deposition of tin onto metal surfaces such as copper. The production processes of tin, tin alloys, mordant, ceramics and glass make use of sodium stannate to some degree as well. It plays an important role as a catalyst in the process of dehydrogenation.

Properties

Sodium stannate is a white to off white powder. It's structure is that of a hexagonal plate crystalline solid. Several other forms of sodium stannate exist such as trihydrated sodium stannate and sodium stannate hexahydroxide. Sodium stannate is relatively stable.

History

A large scale production of alkali metal stannates was innovated by Richard Horn in the late 1970s. Richard Horn's patented process of making alkali metal stannates provided a more efficient and less expensive way to prepare alkali metal stannates at a higher commercial rate.

In today's industries, inorganic stannic, or tin(IV), compounds are used primarily in electrolytic solutions for electroplating tin and tin alloys. Sodium stannate is used fundamentally for the removal of arsenic and lead in the metallurgic industry.

Production

Alkali metal stannate compounds are prepared in an electrochemical process by dissolving a tin anode in the alkali metal hydroxide solution present in an electrodialytic cell. This process forms an alkali metal stannite compound. A permselective ion exchange membrane is used to prevent the sodium stannate migrating to the cathode chamber of the electrolytic cell. The oxidation of the alkali metal stannite with oxygen O₂ gas produces an alkali metal stannate.

Hazards

Sodium Stannate is a fairly harmless chemical, but it does have the potential to be dangerous if used incorrectly. It is very hazardous if it comes in contact with eyes, is ingested, or inhaled in large amounts. It is toxic to lungs and mucous membranes. Prolonged or repeated exposure to sodium stannate will cause organ and epithelial damage. If contact with eyes occurs, remove contact lenses and flush immediately. If ingested, drink water and do not induce vomiting. Wash with soap while scrubbing after use. It is not a fire hazard nor is it a carcinogen.

Uses

Sodium stannate is actually a common ingredient that is found in many household products. Many at home hair bleaching kits and dental whitening products prefer to use sodium stannate for its safe bleaching properties. Some facial cleansers and oral pain medicines also contain sodium stannate.

Sodium stannate is also a very effective chemical satbilizer of hydrogen peroxide. This property makes it an ideal chemical to aid in the disinfecting of contact lenses. Hydrogen peroxide can act in harmful ways by being corrosive if it is in an unfavorable concentration. To stabilize the hydrogen peroxide and make it safe to use on contacts, sodium stannate is added to the solution to ensure the safety of your eyes. It aids in both preventing microbe growth and chemicals burning your eyes.

http://chemindustry.ru/Hydrogen_Peroxide_pharma.php

Reactions

Sodium Stannate has been proven in lab to promote aluminum/water reactions that produce hydrogen. When paired with sodium hydroxide, NaOH, sodium stannate can greatly affect hydrogen generation from the aluminum/water system. Also, small amounts of sodium stannate will cause a tremendous decrease in NaOH concentration for optimal performance conditions for the aluminum/water system. This comes at the expense of the experimental apparatus. The sodium stannate can be an excellent catalyst.

Also, sodium stannate can generate superbasic sites on its surface by simple thermal treatment with pure N₂. After going through calcinations, or an aerobic heat treatment process performed on metals and other solid materials to induce a thermal decomposition, at 623 K, there are great superbasic sites on sodium stannate. These can be up to 0.254 mmol/g. This property of superbacisity was also further established by employing the “1-hexene as well as cyclohexa-1,4-diene double bond isomerization reactions.” This is because of the better LUMO that is the surface O₂^-. It has been determined that catalytic efficiency of sodium stannate is related to the property of superbasicity of the sodium stannate.