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Chin Woo Athletic Association

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Chin Woo
FormationJuly 7, 1910; 114 years ago (1910-07-07)
TypeINGO
Legal statusFederation
PurposeMartial arts
HeadquartersNumber 30, Lane 1702, North Sichuan Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai[1]
Location
Region served
Worldwide
Official language
Chinese
Secretary General
Chen Neihua[2]
President
Xue Hairong[3]
Vice President
Jia Ruibao[2]
Vice Secretary General
Shen Gongxing[2]
Vice Secretary General
Fang Ting[2]
Main organ
Committee
Websitewww.chinwoo.org.cn

Chin Woo is an international martial arts federation founded in Shanghai, China, on July 7, 1910, but some sources cite dates in 1909.[5] Its name is also spelled in many other ways throughout the world - Ching Mo, Ching Mou, Ching Wu, Jing Mo, Jing Wo, Jing Wu - but all of them are based on the same two Chinese characters - jing wu (Chinese: 精武; pinyin: Jīng Wǔ; Wade–Giles: Ching Wu; Jyutping: Zing1 Mou5). It has at least 59 branches based in 22 or more countries worldwide, where it is usually known as an "athletic association" or "federation".[6]

History

Chin Woo was founded as the Chin Woo Athletic Association (simplified Chinese: 精武体育会; traditional Chinese: 精武體育會; pinyin: Jīngwǔ Tǐyùhuì) in Shanghai, China in the early 20th century. Many sources, including the official websites of its branches in various countries,[7][8][9] claim that Chin Woo was founded by the martial artist Huo Yuanjia, who died not long after its establishment. Chin Woo was actually founded by a committee of persons, including members of the Tongmenghui, such as Chen Qimei, Nong Zhu, and Chen Tiesheng.[10] Due to Huo's popularity and recent death, the committee had decided that he should be the "face" of Chin Woo, resulting in his strong association with it.[11]

After Chin Woo was founded, a number of prominent martial artists in China at that time were invited to teach there. They include: Chen Zizheng (陳子正), Eagle Claw master; Luo Guangyu (羅光玉), Seven Star Praying Mantis master; Geng Jishan (耿繼善), Xingyi master; Wu Jianquan, founder of Wu-style taijiquan. Zhao Lianhe (趙連和), a master of the Northern Shaolin Mizong style, became Chief Instructor after Huo Yuanjia's death.

As one of the first public martial arts institutes in China, Chin Woo was intended to create a structured environment for teaching and learning martial arts as opposed to the secretive training that had been common in the past. The founders of Chin Woo felt that the association would keep alive traditions that secrecy and social change would otherwise doom. The basic curriculum drew from several styles of martial arts, giving practitioners a well-rounded martial background in addition to whatever they wished to specialised in. Chin Woo inspired the ecumenism seen in the Chinese martial arts community during the Republican era, giving rise to such efforts as the National Martial Arts Institutes. Sun Yat-sen, founder of the Republic of China, attended the third annual event held by Chin Woo in 1915, giving a speech of encouragement to the attendees.[12] When Sun Yat-sen attended again at the 10th annual event in 1920, he also wrote for a special Chin Woo newsletter and made a plaque with the engraving "martial spirit".[12]

Chin Woo was closed by the People's Republic of China government in 1966 and was allowed to reopen after the Cultural Revolution.

Curriculum

During the early days of Chin Woo in Shanghai, the chief instructor, Zhao Lianhe, developed a curriculum that became the standard Chin Woo sets (Fundamental Routines).

  • Shi Er Lu Tan Tui (十二路潭腿; Twelve Rows of Spring Leg)
  • Gong Li Quan (功力拳; Power Fist)
  • Jie Quan (节拳; Connecting Fist)
  • Da Zhan Quan (大战拳; Big Battle Fist)
  • Qun Yang Gun (群羊棍; Shepherd Staff)
  • Ba Gua Dao (八卦刀; Eight Diagram Broadsword)
  • Wu Hu Qiang (五虎枪; Five Tiger Spear)
  • Jie Tan Tui (接潭腿; Tan Tui Sparring)
  • Tao Quan (套拳; Set Fist)
  • Dan Dao Chuan Qiang (单刀串枪; Broadsword versus Spear)

Other styles were taught to students as well, but they varied from school to school and depended on the background of the master teaching that style. The standard curriculum, however, was taught in all Chin Woo schools.

Further information: Chen Zhen (fictional character) § Appearances in media

References

  1. ^ http://www.chinwoo.org.cn/index.asp
  2. ^ a b c d http://www.chinwoo.org.cn/lldjg.asp?id=3
  3. ^ http://www.chinwoo.org.cn/lldjg.asp?id=1
  4. ^ http://www.chinwoo.org.cn/lflyz.asp?id=1
  5. ^ Kennedy and Guo (2010). Jingwu. Blue Snake Books. p. 2. ISBN 978-1-58394-242-0.
  6. ^ http://www.chinwoo.com/directory.htm
  7. ^ http://www.chinwoo.org.cn/lxwzc.asp?id=1
  8. ^ http://www.chinwoo.com/history.htm
  9. ^ http://www.chinwoo.org/history.htm
  10. ^ http://www.chinwoo.org.cn/lxwzc.asp?id=1
  11. ^ "Martial Arts of the Jingwu". Kung Fu Magazine. Retrieved 2010-10-14.
  12. ^ a b chinwoo.org.cn. Chin Woo history summary. Template:Zh icon
  • Morris, Adam (2004). Marrow of the Nation: A History of Sport and Physical Culture in Republican China. The University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-24084-7.
  • Kennedy, Brian (2005). Chinese Martial Arts Training Manuals: A Historical Survey. Berkeley, California: North AtlanticBooks. ISBN 1-55643-557-6. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  • Yandle, Robert (2010) 'Jingwu Athletic Association - 100 Years'. Beckett Media. Dallas, Texas (ISBN 978-189251535-3)

Main branches:

Secondary branches:

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