Jump to content

European emigration

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is an old revision of this page, as edited by Ccrazymann (talk | contribs) at 17:38, 25 November 2012. The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

The European diaspora refers to the communities throughout the world that are descended from the movement of peoples from Europe — predominantly to the Americas, Oceania and Africa, among other areas around the globe.
European diaspora
Europe
Regions with significant populations
European descended population
based on the references below.
 United States223,553,265[1]
 Brazil92,003,000[2]
 Argentina31,477,000 - 34,638,000[3][4]
 Canada27,220,465[5]
 Australia20,200,000[6]
 Mexico18,906,004[7]
 Chile15,750,000[8]
 Venezuela11,896,848[9][10]
 Colombia9,100,000[11]
 Cuba7,271,926[12]
 South Africa4,472,100[13]
 Peru4,400,000[14]
 Costa Rica3,500,000[15]
 New Zealand3,381,076[16]
 Uruguay3,100,000[14]
 Puerto Rico3,064,862[17]
 Dominican Republic2,000,000[14]
 Bolivia2,000,000[14]
 Ecuador1,400,000[18]
 Paraguay1,300,000[15]
 Nicaragua1,000,000[14]
Languages
Languages of Europe
Religion
Majority Christianity) · Atheism  · other
Jewish · Muslim · Buddhist · Hinduism
Related ethnic groups
Diaspora

Emigration from Europe began on a large scale during the European colonial empires of the 17th to 19th centuries and continues to the present day. This concerns especially the Spanish Empire in the 16th to 17th centuries (expansion of the Hispanosphere), the British Empire in the 18th to 19th centuries (expansion of the Anglosphere), the Portuguese Empire and the Russian Empire in the 19th century (expansion to Central Asia and the Russian Far East).

From 1815 to 1932, 60 million people left Europe (with many returning home), primarily to "areas of European settlement," in North (United States, Canada, Cuba) and South America (particularly in Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Venezuela); Australia, New Zealand and Siberia. These populations also multiplied rapidly in their new habitat; much more so than the populations of Africa and Asia. As a result, on the eve of World War One, 38% of the world’s total population was of European ancestry.[19] Australia and New Zealand, which are consequently considered part of the Western world, have majorities of European-derived populations. Most of the rest of South America has majorities of part-European ancestry, as do Central America and Mexico.

In Asia, European-derived populations (specifically Russians) predominate in Northern Asia, which is part of the Russian Federation. Israel has a significant minority of Ashkenazi Jews of European extraction. Africa has no countries with European-derived majorities, but there is a significant minority, the White South African

The countries in the Americas that received most European immigrants from 1871 to 1940, were: the United States (27 million), Canada (4 million), Brazil (4.6 million), Argentina (1.5 million),[20] Venezuela (more than 1 million),[21][22][23][24] Cuba (610,000), Chile (600,000)[25] and Uruguay (500,000).[26]

Early emigration

Colonial period

Further information: History of colonialism and Greater Europe

The discovery of the Americas stimulated a steady stream of voluntary migration from Europe. It happened during the colonization of the Americas, starting in the 15th century. About 200,000 Spaniards settled in their American colonies prior to 1600, a small settlement compared to the 3 to 4 million Amerindians who lived in Spanish territory in the Americas. In Brazil, the European emigration remained very small in the first two centuries of colonization: between 1500 and 1700, only 100,000 Portuguese settled there. However, the development of the mining economy in the 18th century raised the wages and employment opportunities in the Portuguese colony and the emigration grew: in the 18th century alone, about 400,000 Portuguese settled in Brazil, a mass emigration given that Portugal had a population of only 2 million people. In North America the immigration was dominated by British, Irish and other Northern Europeans.[35]

Post-independence emigration

Mass European emigration to the Americas happened in the 19th and 20th centuries. After the end of the Napoleonic Wars until 1930, some 60 million Europeans (and 10 million Asians) emigrated. Of these, 71% went to North America, 21% to Latin America (mainly Argentina and Brazil) and 7% to Australia. About 11 million of these people went to Latin America, of whom 38% were Italians, 28% were Spaniards and 11% were Portuguese.[36]

Between 1821 and 1880, 9.5 million Europeans settled in the United States, mainly Germans and Irish. Other waves included British and Scandinavian people. Despite the large number of immigrants arriving, people born outside of the United States formed a relatively small number of U.S. population: in 1910, foreigners were 14.7% of the country's population. Nothing similar to what happened in Argentina, which was the American country where immigrants had a larger impact in the ethnic composition. By 1914, 30% of Argentina's population was foreign-born, with 12% of its population born in Italy, the largest immigrant group. Next was Canada: by 1881, 14% of Canada's population was foreign-born, and the proportion increased to 22% in 1921. In Brazil the proportion of immigrants in the national population was much smaller, because immigrants tended to be concentrated in the central and Southern parts of the country. The proportion of foreigners in Brazil peaked in 1920, with 7%, mostly Italians, Portuguese, Spaniards, Germans and Japanese.[35] In 1901-1920 immigration was responsible for only 7 percent of Brazilian population growth but in the years of high immigration, 1891–1900, the share was as high as 30 percent (higher than Argentina's 26% in the 1880s).[26]

Post-WW2 to present

By populations

Country Percentage of the local population Population in
(millions)
Argentina Argentina 85[15] or 97[37] 34 or 38
Australia Australia 90 [38] 20
Uruguay Uruguay 88[39] 3
Canada Canada 80 [40] 27.2
Costa Rica Costa Rica 82[15] 3.8
Puerto Rico Puerto Rico 75.8[41] 3.1
United States United States 72.4 [1] 223.5
Cuba Cuba 65.1[42] 7.3
Chile Chile 52[15][43] or 64.[44] 9.1M, or 11.5M
Brazil Brazil 49.7[45] or 53.7[46] 93 or 105
Venezuela Venezuela 42.2[47] 11.9M
Colombia Colombia 25[48] or 37[49][50] 11M or 17M
Paraguay Paraguay 20[15] 1.3
Nicaragua Nicaragua 17[51] 1
Dominican Republic Dominican Republic 16[52] 2.0
Mexico Mexico 9[53] or 15[15] 10.1 or 16.8 or 20
Bolivia Bolivia 15[54] 2.0
Peru Peru 15[55] 4.4
Ecuador Ecuador 10.4[18] 1.4

By region

Nations and regions outside of Europe with significant populations of European ancestry [56]:

Africa

Main article: White African
Further information: Colonisation of Africa and Decolonisation of Africa

About 0-1 percent of the populations in Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, Guinea, Liberia, Nigeria and Sierra Leone, usually are in the professional business elites. Not limited to Europeans, the "white" population includes Arab peoples: Lebanese and Syrians.[62]

Asia

Further information: Imperialism in Asia

Today, the official percentage of Filipinos with Spanish ancestry is unknown. The Philippine Statistics Department does not account for the racial background or ancestry of an individual. The official population of all types of mestizos (Asian, American, Hispanic, etc.) that reside inside and outside of the Philippines remains unknown. Although a study provided by Stanford University[81] claimed that around 3.6% of the population have White or Caucasian ancestries from both Spanish and American colonization, it only genotyped 28 individuals from the Philippines, a sample size far too small to draw conclusions on a population of over 90 million people.

In addition there are different estimates of this mixed descent, either by the parent side, it is calculated that some 3,500,000 to 5,000,000. In other cases it is also estimated with a proximity of 17,000,000 to 36,550,197 (15-39% of the Philippine population) people of Hispanic descent. But none of these estimates are supported by genetic studies.[82]

    •  Indonesia (Indo people) - 14,000 people, mostly of mixed Indonesian and Dutch descent.[83]
    •  Cambodia - approximately 16,000 people or 0.1% of the total population are Cambodian Eurasians, mainly of French ancestry from former French settlers.[84]
    •  Pakistan (Anglo-Indian) (Anglo-Pakistani) - approximately 11,000 people or 0.005% of the total population are the descendents of former British settlers who intermarried with local populations.[85]
    •  East Timor - approximately 1,100 people or 0.08% of the total population are Portuguese, descended from former Portuguese settlers.[86]
    •  Laos - an unknown number of Eurasians with French ancestry who are the descendents of former French settlers reside in Laos.
    •  Christmas Island - approximately 13% of the total population are White, with a further 2% Eurasian, both are British Australian.[87]
    •  Cocos (Keeling) Islands - 28.5% or one third of the total population are White, mostly British Australian.[88]

Small communities of European and American expatriates live in East Asia, such as China, Japan, Korea and Thailand.

Small communities of European and American expatriates in the Persian Gulf countries like Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar and the UAE; and in Aramco compounds in Saudi Arabia. Historically before 1970, small ethnic European (esp. Greek and Italian) enclaves were found in Egypt (Greeks in Egypt, Italian Egyptians) and Syria (Greeks in Syria).

Americas

Further information: European colonization of the Americas and History of immigration to the United States
Part of a series on
European colonization
of the Americas
History portal

Total European population in the Americas—approximately 446,394,000

Europeans in Northern America

Europeans in Latin America and the Caribbean

  • Middle America (including Central America and the Caribbean) and South America (see White Latin American) -- Total European population approximately 197,094,000
    •  Argentina - 97% of the population or 38,913,000, may include a still unknown percentage of mestizos and mulattos.[92]
    •  Bahamas (European Bahamian) - 12% of the population or 39,600, the majority are African or other races.[93]
    •  Barbados (White Barbadian) - 4% of the population or 11,238, it's thought to be the highest of all British West Indies islands.[94]
    •  Bermuda - 34.1% of the population or 23,064, with a black or part-white/black majority.[95]
    •  Bolivia - 15% of the population or 1,636,000, the country except for Paraguay have the lowest white populations of South America.[96]
    •  Brazil (White Brazilian) - 49.7% of the population or 93,000,000. It is estimated that about ~80 to 95%+ of White Brazilians can have some non-European origin (including Jewish, North African, Middle Eastern and Romani descent, but also true for Amerindian, African and East Asian). Another 42.6% are pardos of mixed White, African and/or Amerindian descent (showed by genetic research to be of about 80% European ancestry). Afro-Brazilians by genetical research showed to be of about 37.1% European ancestry (the majority inherited by colonial or Imperial times and of Portuguese origin). Some people of claimed Asian and Indigenous origin can also have European descent.[97]
    •  Chile - 52,7%- 90% of the population or 9,100,000-15,800,000 of European descent.[15][98][99][100]
    •  Colombia (white Colombian) - 20% of the population or 9,117,000, 40 to 60% are part white (mestizo or mulatto).[101]
    •  Costa Rica - up to 90% white and/or mestizo (European and Amerindian descent), or 3,827,000.[102]
    •  Cuba - 65% of the population or 7,204,000, the definition of white in the Caribbean is different from the US Census' own definitions.[103]
    •  Dominican Republic - 16% of the population or 1,614,000, with 50-60% are mulatto or European-African.[104]
    •  Ecuador - 7% of the population or 1,000,000, while 40% are mestizos.[105]
    •  El Salvador - 9% of the population or 720,000, but the remainder 90% have some European ancestry.[106]
    •  French Guiana - 12% of the population or 26,000, but the French government insists all citizens of France regardless of race are "French".[107]
    •  Guatemala 18% of the population or 2,490,000 people.
    •  Haiti - 4% of the population in Haiti are white and mulatto (both African and European ancestry) and 1% European, or 97,000. White Haitians (not counting Middle Eastern descendants into the category) are chiefly of French, Italian, or German origin. This figure excludes the percentage of Haitians with less than noticeable European admixture.
    •  Jamaica - Approximately 2% of the population or 40,000 people are White, mainly British, American, and Portuguese (This number increases to 60,000 people and 3% of the total population when Arabs and Lebanese are included). However, the vast majority of the population in Jamaica have some degree of European Ancestry.[108]
    •  Martinique - 2% of the population or 8,000, with another 3% mulatto descent.[109]
    •  Mexico[110] (White Mexican) - About 18% of the population European or about 20,160,000, and an additional 72% of mixed European and Amerindian descent [111][112][113]
    •  Nicaragua - 17% of the population or 1,000,000 people, and 70% mestizo.[114]
    •  Panama 14.0% of the population is White of European origin or 352,000 people, 58.1% mestizo, 7% mulatto, 6.7% Amerindian, 5.5% Asian, and 7.1% other (2000 Census).
    •  Puerto Rico approx. 80% of the population or 2,980,000 are self-declared European ancestry, but over half of Puerto Ricans have some degree of African ancestry, and 10% of males and 84% of females have some indigenous Carib Indians ancestry.[115]
    •  Peru (European Peruvian) - 15% of the population or 3,425,000, about 40% mestizo or partial European descent.[116]
    •  Trinidad and Tobago - 1.7% of European descent or 24,600, mainly British, Spanish, French, German, and Portuguese, with a number of Scandinavian descent, although 30-40% have East Indian or 5% are Lebanese/Syrian Arab backgrounds.[117]
    •  Venezuela (white Venezuelan) - 42,2% of the population or 11,490,018, about 49,9% are part white (mestizo or partial European descent.) making it 92,1% of the population white and/or mestizo (European and Amerindian descent) or 25,076,755.[118]
    •  Uruguay - 88% of the population or 3,074,000, the rest have various levels of European descent.[119]
    •  Saint Barthélemy—90% or 7,940; Saint Martin (Statistics not available).[120]
    •  Falkland Islands, 100% European of British descent—total population 3,140.

The Virgin Islands divided between United States Virgin Islands and the British Virgin Islands, each have a small European minority.

Oceania

Main article: Europeans in Oceania
  • Oceania -- Total population of Europeans in Oceania is approximately 23,185,000 or approximately 22,818,000 excluding Hawaii.
    •  Australia (European Australian) - 93.2% of the population or 20,299,000 people, and part-white-Australian Aborigines number about 500,000 as opposed to the approximately 50,000 pure blooded Australian Aborigines who can speak Australian languages.
    •  New Zealand (New Zealand European) - 59.1% of the population or 2,361,000, plus some Māori of mixed white-European descent.
    •  New Caledonia (Caldoche) - 44.6% of the population or about 112,050; the territory is under French rule.
    •  French Polynesia - 10% of the population (mostly French with some white Americans) or 26,700, and 6 to 8% are Euronesian (part white-Polynesian).[121]
    •  Hawaii - Europeans are 27.1% of the population (2008 survey) or 367,000 (called Haoles), although 65% of all Hawaiians have white-European descent.
    •  Guam - 10% of the population have Spanish and white American descent (2000 Census) or about 17,800 people. Guam has a history of Spanish settlement before 1900, now a U.S. territory.[122]
    •  Norfolk Island, about 50% British-Polynesian from Pitcairn Island (1,070 people) and 50% white-British descent mainly via Australia (1,070 people).

Contemporary European diasporas

National diasporas:

Further information: List of diasporas

Column-generating template families

The templates listed here are not interchangeable. For example, using {{col-float}} with {{col-end}} instead of {{col-float-end}} would leave a <div>...</div> open, potentially harming any subsequent formatting.

Column templates
Type Family
Handles wiki
table code?†
 Responsive/
mobile suited 		Start template Column divider End template
Float "col-float" Yes Yes {{col-float}} {{col-float-break}} {{col-float-end}}
"columns-start" Yes Yes {{columns-start}} {{column}} {{columns-end}}
Columns "div col" Yes Yes {{div col}} – {{div col end}}
"columns-list" No Yes {{columns-list}} (wraps div col) – –
Flexbox "flex columns" No Yes {{flex columns}} – –
Table "col" Yes No {{col-begin}},
{{col-begin-fixed}} or
{{col-begin-small}} 		{{col-break}} or
{{col-2}} .. {{col-5}} 		{{col-end}}

† Can template handle the basic wiki markup {| | || |- |} used to create tables? If not, special templates that produce these elements (such as {{(!}}, {{!}}, {{!!}}, {{!-}}, {{!)}})—or HTML tags (<table>...</table>, <tr>...</tr>, etc.)—need to be used instead.

See also

References

  1. ^ a b 2010 United States Census statistics
  2. ^ IGBE: Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicilio. Tabela 262 - População residente, por cor ou raça.
  3. ^ Composición Étnica de las Tres Áreas Culturales del Continente Americano al Comienzo del Siglo XXI by Francisco Lizcano Fernández. page 218, UAEM (2005).
  4. ^ World Statesmen.org: Argentina
  5. ^ Canada Census 2006
  6. ^ 2006 Census Tables : Australia [original research?]
  7. ^ http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-27384/Mexico [original research?]
  8. ^ Argentina, como Chile y Uruguay, su población está formada casi exclusivamente por una población blanca procedente del sur de Europa, más del 90% E. García Zarza.
  9. ^ Resultado Basico del XIV Censo Nacional de Población y Vivienda 2011 Venezuela 2011 Census , (p. 14).
  10. ^ http://www.ine.gob.ve/ INE : (adapted the % of 41,1% white people from the census with the actual new official census results
  11. ^ [1]
  12. ^ Cuba 2002 Census.
  13. ^ /www.statssa.gov.za South Africa statistics.
  14. ^ a b c d e Cite error: The named reference CIA was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  15. ^ a b c d e f g h Fernández, Francisco Lizcano (2007). Composición Étnica de las Tres Áreas Culturales del Continente Americano al Comienzo del Siglo XXI. UAEM. ISBN 978-970-757-052-8.
  16. ^ Statistics New Zealand Highlights: Ethnic groups in New Zealand
  17. ^ 2010 Census Data. "2010 Census Data". 2010.census.gov. Retrieved 30 October 2011.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  18. ^ a b Nacional de Estadística y Censo del Ecuador INEC.
  19. ^ European Migration and Imperialism
  20. ^ http://www.americasquarterly.org/node/233
  21. ^ http://www.americasquarterly.org/node/233
  22. ^ http://www.el-carabobeno.com/portada/articulo/44351/venezuela-es-el-tercer-pas-con-ms-inmigrantes-en-latinoamrica
  23. ^ http://www.venaventours.com/venezuela/etnologia.asp "Between 1900 and 1958 more than 1 million of Europeans immigrated to Venezuela" (Spanish)
  24. ^ http://www.country-studies.com/venezuela/population.html "under the 1936 Law on Immigration and Settlement, a wave of immigrants arrived during the first years after World War II. The period of the Marcos Pérez Jiménez dictatorship (1948-58) saw over a million people enter the country..."
  25. ^ Chile y Latinoamérica en el siglo XX. Los inmigrantes europeos en América Latina durante el siglo XX
  26. ^ a b EUROPEAN IMMIGRATION INTO LATIN AMERICA, 1870-1930*
  27. ^ Western North Africa, 1–500 A.D., The Metropolitan Museum of Art
  28. ^ Archaeologists Find Celts In Unlikely Spot: Turkey, New York Times
  29. ^ Diversity in the Desert: Daily Life in Greek and Roman Egypt, 332 B.C.E. - 641 C.E.
  30. ^ Alexander the Great and precious stones in Afghanistan, The Toronto Times
  31. ^ Cyril and Methodius of Thessalonica: The Acculturation of the Slavs
  32. ^ The Fate of Greenland's Vikings
  33. ^ Benjamin Z. Kedar, "The Subjected Muslims of the Frankish Levant", in The Crusades: The Essential Readings, ed. Thomas F. Madden, Blackwell, 2002, pg. 244. Originally published in Muslims Under Latin Rule, 1100-1300, ed. James M. Powell, Princeton University Press, 1990. Kedar quotes his numbers from Joshua Prawer, Histoire du royaume latin de Jérusalem, tr. G. Nahon, Paris, 1969, vol. 1, pp. 498, 568-72.
  34. ^ Crusaders 'left genetic legacy', BBC News
  35. ^ a b Boris Fautos - Fazer a América: a imigração em massa para a América Latina."
  36. ^ A GRANDE IMIGRAÇÃO EUROPÉIA PARA O BRASIL E O IMIGRANTE ESPANHOL NO CENÁRIO DA CAFEICULTURA PAULISTA: ASPECTOS DE UMA (IN)VISIBILIDADE
  37. ^ "Argentina: People; Ethnic groups". CIA World Factbook. Retrieved 26 November 2007.
  38. ^ 2006 Census Tables : Australia [original research?]
  39. ^ "Uruguay: People; Ethnic groups". CIA World Factbook. Retrieved 26 November 2007.
  40. ^ Canada Census 2006
  41. ^ "Puerto Rico: People; Ethnic groups". 2010.census.gov. Retrieved 14 April 2011.
  42. ^ "TABLA II.3 POBLACION POR COLOR DE LA PIEL Y GRUPOS DE EDADES, SEGUN ZONA DE RESIDENCIA Y SEXO" (in Spanish). CubaGob.cu. Retrieved 26 November 2007.
  43. ^ Informe Latinobarómetro 2011, Latinobarómetro (p. 58).
  44. ^ Genetic epidemiology of single gene defects in Chile.
  45. ^ "PNAD" (PDF) (in Portuguese). 2006. Retrieved 14 September 2007.
  46. ^ "CIA – The World Factbook – Field Listing :: Ethnic groups". Retrieved 24 February 2010.
  47. ^ Resultado Basico del XIV Censo Nacional de Población y Vivienda 2011, (p. 14).
  48. ^ Library of Congress Country Studies. "Colombia: Race and Ethnicity". Retrieved on April 12, 2011.
  49. ^ Colombia a country study, 2010 (pag 86,87) Template:En icon
  50. ^ http://www.schwartzman.org.br/simon/coesion_etnia.pdf
  51. ^ "Nicaragua: People; Ethnic groups". CIA World Factbook. Retrieved 26 November 2007.
  52. ^ "D.R.: People; Ethnic groups". CIA World Factbook. Retrieved 26 November 2007.
  53. ^ "Mexico: People; Ethnic groups". CIA World Factbook. Retrieved 26 November 2007.
  54. ^ "Bolivia: People; Ethnic groups". CIA World Factbook. Retrieved 26 November 2007.
  55. ^ "Peru: People; Ethnic groups". CIA World Factbook. Retrieved 26 November 2007.
  56. ^ Ethnic groups by country. Statistics (where available) from CIA Factbook.
  57. ^ South Africa: People: Ethnic Groups. World Factbook of CIA
  58. ^ Namibia: People: Ethnic Groups. World Factbook of CIA
  59. ^ [2]
  60. ^ La Reunion's population
  61. ^ Botswana: People: Ethnic Groups. World Factbook of CIA
  62. ^ a b Senegal, About 50,000 Europeans (mostly French) and Lebanese reside in Senegal, mainly in the cities.
  63. ^ Swaziland: People: Ethnic Groups. World Factbook of CIA
  64. ^ Morocco: People: Ethnic Groups. World Factbook of CIA
  65. ^ Tunisia: People: Ethnic Groups. World Factbook of CIA
  66. ^ [3]
  67. ^ [4]
  68. ^ [5]
  69. ^ [6]
  70. ^ [7]
  71. ^ Fiona Hill, Russia — Coming In From the Cold?, The Globalist, 23 February 2004
  72. ^ Robert Greenall, Russians left behind in Central Asia, BBC News, 23 November 2005.
  73. ^ Kyrgyzstan: People: Ethnic Groups. World Factbook of CIA
  74. ^ Turkmenistan: People: Ethnic Groups. World Factbook of CIA
  75. ^ Southern Caucasus: Facing Integration Problems, Ethnic Russians Long For Better Life
  76. ^ Georgia: Ethnic Russians Feel Insulated From Tensions, Radio Free Europe
  77. ^ [8]
  78. ^ [9]
  79. ^ HK Census. "HK Census." Statistical Table. Retrieved on 2007-03-08.
  80. ^ [10]
  81. ^ "A predominantly Indigenous Paternal Heritage for the Austronesian-Speaking Peoples of Insular Southeast Asia and Oceania" (PDF). Stanford University. Retrieved 2001. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  82. ^ "Inmigración española en Filipinas". Wikipedia - en Español. Retrieved 2011. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  83. ^ [11]
  84. ^ [12]
  85. ^ [13]
  86. ^ [14]
  87. ^ [15]
  88. ^ [16]
  89. ^ https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/le.html
  90. ^ Greenland
  91. ^ Canadian Census 2006
  92. ^ Argentina: People: Ethnic Groups. World Factbook of CIA
  93. ^ Bahamas: People: Ethnic Groups. World Factbook of CIA
  94. ^ Barbados: People: Ethnic Groups. World Factbook of CIA
  95. ^ Bermuda: People: Ethnic Groups. World Factbook of CIA
  96. ^ Bolivia: People: Ethnic Groups. World Factbook of CIA
  97. ^ http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/populacao/condicaodevida/indicadoresminimos/sinteseindicsociais2006/indic_sociais2006.pdf Tabela 9.1, Accessed: 18 August 2009
  98. ^ Argentina, como Chile y Uruguay, su población está formada casi exclusivamente por una población blanca e blanca mestiza procedente del sur de Europa, más del 90% E. García Zarza, 1992, 19.
  99. ^ Genetic epidemiology of single gene defects in Chile.
  100. ^ The Chilean population is rather homogeneous with 95.4 % of its population having European ancestors.
  101. ^ Colombia: People: Ethnic Groups. World Factbook of CIA
  102. ^ "Costa Rica; People; Ethnic groups". CIA World Factbook. Retrieved 21 November 2007. white (including mestizo) 94% = 3.9 million whites and mestizos.
  103. ^ "Tabla II.3 Población por color de la piel y grupos de edades, según zona de residencia y sexo". Censo de Población y Viviendas (in Spanish). Oficina Nacional de Estadísticas. 2002. Retrieved 13 October 2008.
  104. ^ Dominican Republic: People: Ethnic groups. World Factbook of CIA
  105. ^ "Ecuador: People; Ethnic groups". CIA World Factbook. Retrieved 26 November 2007.
  106. ^ El Salvador: People: Ethnic Groups. World Factbook of CIA
  107. ^ French Guiana: People: Ethnic Groups. World Factbook of CIA
  108. ^ [17]
  109. ^ Martinique: People: Ethnic Groups. World Factbook of CIA
  110. ^ North America - Britannica Concise Encyclopedia
  111. ^ Mexico :: Ethnic groups - Britannica Online Encyclopedia
  112. ^ Mexico: People: Ethnic Groups. World Factbook of CIA
  113. ^ http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/379167/Mexico
  114. ^ "Nicaragua: People; Ethnic groups". CIA World Factbook. Retrieved 15 November 2007. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  115. ^ Puerto Rico: People: Ethnic Groups World Factbook of CIA
  116. ^ Peru: People: Ethnic Groups. World Factbook of CIA
  117. ^ Trinidad French Creole
  118. ^ http://www.ine.gov.ve/CENSO2011/documentos/pdf/ResultadosBasicosCenso2011.pdf
  119. ^ Uruguay: People: Ethnic Groups. World Factbook of CIA
  120. ^ Fact Sheet on St. Barthélemy
  121. ^ French Polynesia: People: Ethnic Groups. World Factbook of CIA
  122. ^ Brazil: People: Ethnic Groups. World Factbook of CIA

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=European_emigration&oldid=524819001"