Marijuana abuse
Marijuana abuse is a form of abuse where the afflicting agent is marijuana.
Marijuana (Cannabis Indica) and (Cannabis Sativa) is the most commonly used illicit drug in the United States. Nationally, 5.1% of Americans said they used marijuana in the past 30 days. Marijuana use among the adolescent population has increased within the past 5 years. According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)'s 2010 Monitoring the Future Survey, a national survey of 8th, 10th, and 12th graders showed that in 2010, 12.5% of 8th graders, 28.8% of 10th graders, and 36.4% of 12th graders reported past-year marijuana use. [1]
The primary active chemical marijuana is tetrahydrocannabinol (THC); and the effects of marijuana consumption include the inducing of relaxation and heightening of the senses.[2] While there is controversy among legalization activists and marijuana users about the health effects of marijuana use, scientific evidence shows that the abuse of marijuana can potentially cause medical afflictions of the lungs, heart, brain, reproductive organs, liver, kidneys, and depression, anxiety, and impairment of general daily functioning have all been documented. Scientific research also reveals that abuse of people with marijuana (or other drug substances) can have significant effects particularly on an adolescents’ developing brain. [3]
Diagnostic Criteria
According to the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fourth Edition (DSM-IV),[4] Cannabis-Use Disorders are categorized into Cannabis Dependence and Cannabis Abuse. For a person to meet criteria for a Cannabis Abuse Disorder, he or she must endorse at least one symptom of the following within the context of the person's marijuana use: Substance Abuse, defined as a maladaptive pattern of substance use leading to clinically significant impairment or distress, as manifested by one (or more) of the following, occurring within a 12-month period: (1) recurrent substance use resulting in a failure to fulfill major role obligations at work, school, or home (e.g. repeated absences or poor work performances related to substance use, substance related absences, suspensions, or expulsions from school, neglect of children or household) (2) recurrent substance use in situation in which it is physically hazardous (e.g. driving an automobile or operating a machine when impaired by substance use) (3) recurrent substance-related legal problems (e.g. arrests for substance related disorderly conduct) (4) continued substance use despite having persistent or recurrent social or interpersonal problems caused or exacerbated by the effects of the substance (e.g. arguments with spouse about consequences of intoxication, physical fights); and the person's symptoms have never met the criteria for Substance Dependence for this class of substance.
Treatment and Resources
Due to the perceived risks associated with marijuana abuse among adolescents, many people believe that intervention and treatment are critical. Common therapies that treat marijuana abuse disorders include psychoeducation, motivational enhancement therapy , motivational interviewing, and cognitive behavioral therapy.
Marijuana Anonymous is a support group who offer literature , meetings and peer support based on the twelve-step program .
Effects
One study which is mentioned in an article published by "USA Today" claims that heavy marijuana abuse as a teen, progressing into adulthood, causes an average drop of 8 in IQ points.[5]
References
- ^ "Topics In Brief: Marijuana". National Institure on Drug Abuse.
- ^ "Marijuana Fast Facts". National Drug Intelligence Center. Retrieved 2003.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|accessdate=(help) - ^ "InfoFacts: Marijuana". National Institute on Drug Abuse.
{{cite web}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Check date values in:|accessdate=(help); Missing or empty|url=(help); Text "urlhttp://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/infofacts/marijuana" ignored (help) - ^ Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (fourth edition). Washington D.C.: American Psychiatric Association. 2000. pp. 114–115, 127.
- ^ Leger, Donna Leinwand (December 23, 2012). "Survey:Use of pot stabilizes, perception of its damage drops". Florida Today. Melbourne, Florida. pp. 11A.