Pupilla
| Pupilla Temporal range:
| |
|---|---|
| |
| Six shells of Pupilla muscorum, scale bar in mm | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | |
| Phylum: | |
| Class: | |
| (unranked): | clade Heterobranchia
clade Euthyneura |
| Superfamily: | |
| Family: | |
| Genus: | Pupilla |
Pupilla is a genus of minute air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the family Pupillidae.
The genus Pupilla is known from the Oligocene to the Recent period.[2]
Distribution
This genus occurs in Europe, northern Africa and North America[3]
Species
Pupilla has several subgenera.[citation needed] Species within the genus Pupilla include:
subgenus Pupilla
- Pupilla bigranata (Rossmässler 1839)[3]
- Pupilla blandi E. S. Morse, 1865 - Rocky Mountain column
- Pupilla hebes (Ancey 1881) - crestless column
- Pupilla muscorum (Linnaeus, 1758)[3] - widespread column - type species
- Pupilla pratensis (Clessin, 1871)[3]
- Pupilla triplicata (Studer, 1820)[3]
subgenus Gibbulinopsis
subgenus ?
- Pupilla alpicola (Charpentier, 1837)[3]
- Pupilla annandalei Pilsbry[4]
- Pupilla calacharicus (Boettger, 1886)
- Pupilla ficulnea (Tate, 1894)[5]
- Pupilla fontana (Krauss, 1848)
- Pupilla khunjerabica Pokryszko, Auffenberg, Hlaváč & Naggs, 2009[4]
- Pupilla loessica Ložek, 1954[6]
- Pupilla obliquicosta Smith, 1892 - extinct[7]
- Pupilla paraturcmenica Pokryszko, Auffenberg, Hlaváč & Naggs, 2009[4]
- Pupilla pupula[8]
- Pupilla satparanica Pokryszko, Auffenberg, Hlaváč & Naggs, 2009[4]
- Pupilla signata (Mousson)[4]
- Pupilla sonorana (Sterki, 1899) - three-tooth column
- Pupilla sterrii (Forster & Voith, 1840)[3]
- Pupilla syngenes (Pilsbry, 1890) - top-heavy column
- Pupilla tetrodus (Boettger, 1870)
- Pupilla turcmenica (O. Boettger)[4]
- Pupilla ziaratana Pokryszko, Auffenberg, Hlaváč & Naggs, 2009[4]
References
- ^ Fleming J. (1828). A history of British animals, exhibiting the descriptive characters and systematic arrangement of the genera and species of quadrupeds, birds, reptiles, fishes, Mollusca, and Radiata of the United Kingdom; including the indigenous, extirpated, and extinct kinds, together with periodical and occasional visitants. pp. i-xxxii [= 1-23], 1-565, [1]. Edinburgh. (Bell & Bradfute).
- ^ Template:Cs icon Ivanov M., Hrdličková, S. & Gregorová, R. (2001). Encyklopedie zkamenělin. Rebo Productions, Dobřejovice, 1. vydání, 312 pp., page 125.
- ^ a b c d e f g "Genus summary for Pupilla". AnimalBase. Last modified 02-09-2006, accessed 30 July 2010.
- ^ a b c d e f g Pokryszko B. M., Auffenberg K., Hlaváč J. Č. & Naggs F. (2009). "Pupilloidea of Pakistan (Gastropoda: Pulmonata): Truncatellininae, Vertigininae, Gastrocoptinae, Pupillinae (In Part)". Annales Zoologici 59(4): 423-458. doi:10.3161/000345409X484847.
- ^ Kessner V. (1996). Pupilla ficulnea. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 7 August 2007.
- ^ Template:Cs icon Ložek V. (1954). "Noví měkkýši československého pleistocénu (Neue Mollusken aus dem tschechoslowakischen Pleistozän). Vertigo pseudosubstriata sp. n., Pupilla muscorum densegyrata ssp. n. a Pupilla loessica sp. n." Anthropozoikum 3(1953): 327–342, Tab. 1.
- ^ Mollusc Specialist Group (1996). Pupilla obliquicosta. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 7 August 2007.
- ^ Mollusc Specialist Group (1996). Pupilla pupula. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 7 August 2007.