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Jhelum

Coordinates: 32°55′43″N 73°43′53″E / 32.92861°N 73.73139°E / 32.92861; 73.73139
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This is an old revision of this page, as edited by 188.222.154.105 (talk) at 04:48, 5 February 2013 (→History). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

For other uses, see Jhelum (disambiguation).

32°55′43″N 73°43′53″E / 32.92861°N 73.73139°E / 32.92861; 73.73139

Jhelum
جہلم
City
Clockwise from top: Major Akram Shaheed Memorial, Tareekh-e-Jhelum book cover, Cantonment Square, CMH Mosque and Zamir Jaffri Cricket Stadium
Clockwise from top: Major Akram Shaheed Memorial, Tareekh-e-Jhelum book cover, Cantonment Square, CMH Mosque and Zamir Jaffri Cricket Stadium
Nickname(s): 
City of Soldiers
Land of Martyrs and Warriors
Map of Jhelum City
Map of Jhelum City
CountryPakistan
TerritoryPunjab
Union Council7 UC
Government
 • AdministratorNawabzada Usama Latif
Area
 • Total
22.5 km2 (8.7 sq mi)
Elevation
250 m (825 ft)
Population
 (1998)
 • Total
145,847
 • Estimate 
(2012)
188,803
 • Density6,500/km2 (17,000/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+5 (PST)
Postal code
49600
Dialling code0544
Website[1]

Jhelum (/[invalid input: 'icon']ˈdʒeɪləm/) (Urdu, Template:Lang-pa) (Template:Lang-el) is a city on the right bank of the Jhelum River, in the district of the same name in the north of Punjab province, Pakistan. Jhelum is known for providing a large number of soldiers to the British[4] and later to the Pakistan armed forces due to which it is also known as city of soldiers or land of martyrs and warriors.[5][6] Jhelum is a few miles upstream from the site of the Battle of the Hydaspes between the armies of Alexander the Great and Raja Porus. A city called Bucephala was founded nearby to commemorate the death of Alexander's horse, Sarosh. Other notable sites nearby include the 16th century Rohtas Fort, the Tilla Jogian complex of ancient temples, and the 16th-century Grand Trunk Road which passes through the city. According to the 1998 census of Pakistan, the population of Jhelum was 145,647[7] and in 2012 its population is 188,803.[7] The name of the city is derived from the words Jal (pure water) and Ham (snow), as the river that flows through the river originates in the Himalayas.[8] There are a number of industries in and around Jhelum city, including a tobacco factory, wood, marble, glass and flour mills.[9]

Etymology

Jhelum's earliest name was Vitasta.[10][11] Anjum Sultan Shahbaz recorded some stories of the name Jhelum in his book Tareekh-e-Jhelum as:[12]

Many writers have different opinions about the name of Jhelum. One suggestion is that in ancient days Jhelumabad was known as Jalham. The word Jhelum is reportedly derived from the words Jal(pure water) and Ham (snow). The name thus refers to the waters of a river (flowing besides the city) which have their origins in the snow-capped Himalayas.[13]

However, some writers believe that when "Dara-e-Azam" reached a certain place on the river bank after winning many battles, he fixed his flag at that place and called it "Ja-e-Alam" which means "Place of the Flag". With the passage of time it became Jhelum from "Ja-e-Alam".

According to tradition, Hazrat Saeed Bin Abi Waqas, brother of Hazrat Saad Bin Abi Waqas, was sent to China to preach Islam, during his journey he arrived at the city of Jhelum, he saw the reflection of a city in the river and said "هذا جهيلم" (this is Jheelum), which means "City besides the river, in full moonlight"

Ahmed Shah Abdali also used "Jheelum" in place of Jhelum and "Harian" for Kharian in his diary.

Shahbaz, Anjum Sultan (September 2003). Tareekh-e-Jhelum. history of Jhelum (2nd ed.). Book Corner, Main Bazar, Jhelum. p. 92.

History

Pre-Islamic

The Janjuas, Rajputs, Jats and Ahirs,[10][14][15] who now hold the Salt Range and its northern plateau respectively, appear to have been the earliest inhabitants of Jhelum.[16] The history of Jhelum dates back to the semi-mythical period of the Mahabharata. Hindu tradition represents the nearby Salt Range as the refuge of the five Pandava brothers during the period of their exile. The next major point in the history of the district was the Battle of the Hydaspes between Alexander the Great and the local ruler, Porus. Abisares (or Abhisara;[17] in Greek Αβισαρης), called Embisarus (Eμ Oβισαρoς) by Diodorus,[18] was an Indian king of abhira[19] descent beyond the river Hydaspes, whose territory lay in the mountains, sent embassies to Alexander the Great both before and after the conquest of Porus in 326 BC, although inclined to espouse the side of the latter. Alexander not only allowed him to retain his kingdom, but increased it, and on his death appointed his son as his successor. The Gakhars appear to represent an early wave of conquerors from the west, and who still inhabit a large tract in the mountain north to tilla range. Gakhars were the dominant race during the early Muslim era and they long continued to retain their independence, both in Jhelum itself and in the neighbouring district of Rawalpindi.[16]

Islamic Rule

Upon the conquest of this region little information with regard to the condition of the district exist. India was famous for its Hindu art and literary works long before Muslims came to the Indian subcontinent. If Muslim writers do not find anything of value to them it is because of the jihadi element prevalent among the early Islamic armies to destroy everything that belonged to the infidel and claim it for Allah. The Janjuas and Jats, who now hold the Salt Range and its northern plateau respectively, appear to have been the earliest inhabitants.[16]

Mughals

File:Shah Jahan 02.jpg
Mughal Gold coin

The Mughals were Persianized Turks who invaded from Central Asia and claimed descent from both Timur and Genghis and strengthened the Persianate culture of Muslim India. During the initial conquests of the Mughal tribes of the Indian sub-Continent, Babur had claimed to be the true and rightful Monarch of the lands of the Lodi dynasty. He believed himself the rightful heir to the throne of Timur, and it was Timur who had originally left Khizr Khan in charge of his vassal in the Punjab, who later became the leader, or Sultan, of the Delhi Sultanate, founding the Sayyid dynasty, by now the Mughals who were very few in number record that a policy of converting the local jats and Gakhar was to be mandatory and take effect immediately as recorded in the Baburnama.[20]Thus it is credited to the Mughals, they were largely responsible for the conversion of the jatts to islam.[21] The Baburnama is also the earliest known reference to mass conversions of the jatt tribes converting to Islam and the only known Islamic text describing a Islamic conquest into Hindu India providing a great insight into the ongoings of a Islamic Empire progressing.[22] With the collapse of the Mughal Empire after the death of Aurangzeb, the Durrani empire had occupied the plains but were quickly ousted by the Sikhs and for a brief moment the Marathas as the ongoing war for India raged with the dissolution of the Mughal Empire.


Later Periods

In 1849 Jhelum passed with the rest of the Sikh territories to the British. Ranjit Singh, however, had so thoroughly subjugated the wild mountain tribes of the district that little difficulty was experienced in reducing it to working order. In 1857 the 14th Native Infantry stationed at Jhelum town mutinied, and made a vigorous defence against a force sent from Rawalpindi to disarm them, but decamped on the night following the action, with the main body being subsequently arrested by the Kashmiri authorities, into whose territory they had escaped.

A Sikh-era fort in Jhelum City

British Raj

During British rule, Jhelum was a district of Rawalpindi Division, and was larger than the current district of Jhelum. On April 1, 1914, the tehsil of Talagang was detached from the district and incorporated with the new district of Attock. The old Jhelum district (minus Talagang) covered an area of 7,285 km2 (2,813 sq mi) and included Chakwal tehsil – it was bounded by Shahpur and Attock to the west, and by Rawalpindi to the north – the Jhelum River separated it from Kashmir to the north-east and from Gujrat and Shahpur to the south-east and south.[16]

During British rule, Jhelum was connected by the North-Western Railway to other cities in the Indian Empire, 1,367 miles from Calcutta, 1,413 from Bombay, and 849 from Karachi. The population according to the 1901 census of India was 14,951.[23]

According to the Imperial Gazetteer of India:

"The present town is of modern origin, the old town, which may have been the Bucephala of Alexander having been, on the left or opposite bank of the river. Under Sikh rule the place was quite unimportant, being mainly occupied by a settlement of boatmen, and at the time of annexation contained about 500 houses. It was then chosen as the site of a cantonment and as the head-quarters of the civil administration. For some years it was the seat of the Commissioner of the Division, but in 1859 his head-quarters were transferred to Rawalpindi. Under British rule, Jhelum has steadily advanced in prosperity; and is the entrepôt for most of the trade of the District, though, since the completion of the Sind-Sāgar branch of the North-Western Railway; the salt trade no longer passes through it. It is an important timber dépôt, the timber from the Kashmir forests which is floated down the river being collected here. A good deal of boat-building is carried on. The cantonment, which is 3 miles from the civil station, contains the church and post office. The normal strength of the garrison is one Native cavalry and four Native infantry regiments. The municipality was founded 1867. During the ten years ending 1902–3 the receipts averaged Rs. 32,100, and the expenditure Rs, 31,900. Receipts and expenditure from cantonment funds in the same period averaged Rs. 31,900 and Rs. 6,100 respectively. The chief income of the municipality in 1903-4 was Rs.34,200 chiefly from octroi; and the expenditure was Rs. 41,000. The town has two Anglo vernacular schools, a municipal high school, and a middle school maintained by the American Presbyterian Mission. Besides the civil hospital, the mission also maintains a hospital."[23]

Marble lectern in memory of 35 British soldiers

During the Indian Rebellion of 1857 35 British soldiers of HM XXIV regiment were killed by the local resistance. A lectern inside St. John's Church shows the names of the soldiers. The church is located in Jhelum Cantonment beside the river Jhelum. It was built in 1860 and is a landmark of the city. It is a Protestant church and was in use during the British period. For forty years it remained closed. Now[when?] it has been renovated and re-opened.

Administration

The River Jhelum below the bridge beside Jhelum City

As well as being district capital, Jhelum city is also the headquarters of Jhelum Tehsil, the city of Jhelum is administratively subdivided into 7 Union Councils,[24] namely Jhelum-I, Jhelum-II, Jhelum-III, Jhelum-IV, Jhelum-V, Jhelum-VI, Jhelum-VII, while Jhelum Tehsil is subdivided into Union Councils Badlot, Boken, Chak Khasa, Chotala, Darapur, Dhanyala, Dina-I, Dina-II, Garh Mahal, Kala Gujran, Khukha, Kotla Faqir, Madu Kalas, Monan, Mughalabad, Nakka Khurd, Nara, Pandori, Sanghoi and Sohan.

Demography

Jhelum is one of the oldest districts of Punjab. It was established on 23 March 1849.[26] Jhelum District has a diverse population of 1,103,000 (2006)[27] which mainly consists of Punjabis. The population of the Jhelum city (proper) is about 188,800(2012)[7] and it is the 32th largest city of Pakistan with respect to population. Population Density is 261/km. Population Growth Rate is 1.51[28] which is very low as compared to other urban areas of Pakistan. The majority of the population i.e. 98.47 percent is Muslim. Among the minorities Christians are in majority sharing 1.36 percent in the district. Punjabi is the dominant language (96.6 percent), while, other languages spoken in the district are Urdu (1.9 percent), Pushto (1.2 percent). Major Jat-Baloch clans are[Jat matyal Jat Makwal Jat Manjotha Jat dhudi jat pakhral jat Bangial Jat minhas (jat khabbal). Gakhars, Gujars, Janjua Rajputs, Jalaps, Jats, Cheema Jats,(khandoha Jat) Marath, Minhas Rajputs, Dhamial, Kalyal, Zardan Jats, Waseer Jats, Bhaktiyarzai Jats, Dhillon Jats, Gondal, Kahlon Jats, Ghuman, Sipra, Nagyal, Thathal, Kashmiris, Khokhars, Lilla Tribe Qureshis, Phaphra Mughals), Rajputs (Bhakral, Bhatti, Chib, Narma, Sohlan), Arain malyar, Syed and Punjabi Shaikh.jat malik(awan).. [citation needed]

Literacy rate of Jhelum is among the highest in Pakistan. At 79%, it is only lower than that of Islamabad and neighbouring Rawalpindi.[29] Somewhat higher than the literacy in Punjab province (58 percent).[29] The literacy rate has remarkably increased from 38.9 percent in 1981. The rate is much higher in urban area when compared with rural areas both for males and females. 84% of the population have electricity and 96% have the water facility.[30] Human Development Index of Jhelum is 0.770, which highest in Pakistan after Karachi.

Language

File:Map on Dialects Of Punjabi Language.jpg
Dialects of Punjabi

As per the 1998 census of Pakistan, the following are the demographics of the Jehlam district, by spoken language:

Inhabitants of Jhelum District speak a great variety of Punjabi dialects:

  • Majhi or standard (in Jehlum city)
  • Pothohari (Northern and Western Side),
  • Shapuri (east side along the river and parts of Tehsil Pind dadan khan)
  • Dhani (western side along Chakwal).
  • Thlochi (parts of Tehsil Pind dadan khan)

Among other languages Urdu is spoken and understood by most of the population.

English is also understood and spoken by the educated elite.

City

See also: List of cities in Punjab, Pakistan by area
Shabir plaza Shandar Chowk
Gumbad wali Masjid

In the past few years, the city has experienced rapid expansion and has become a vibrant economic and cultural center. The old city has narrow streets and crowded bazaars.

The main market area of the city is centered around "Shandar Chowk", "GTS Chowk", "Muhammooiadi Chowk" and includes "Main Bazaar", "Niya Bazaar", "Raja Bazaar", "Kinari Bazaar", "Sarafa Bazaar", "Chowk-Ehl-e-Hadith" and Soldier Arcade etc. Some of the main roads of Jhelum City are Civil Line, Railway Road, Old GT Road, Kucheri Road, Iqbal Road and Rohtas Road. A cantonment was built during the British rule, which has grown up into a strong Garrison, with an Infantry Division commanded by a Major General.

The estimated population of Jhelum in 2012 is 188,803[7] and the area of Jhelum is about 22 km2 (8.5 sq mi).

Geography and climate

Lying at 32°56′ North latitude and 73°44′ East longitude, Jhelum is located just 1 hour and 30 minutes drive from the Capital of Pakistan Islamabad, and 3 hours drive from the heart of Punjab Lahore. Jhelum is linked with these cities through the National Highway N-5. Several cities are within 1 to 2 hours drive including Gujrat (home to fan manufacturing),[31] Gujranwala,[32] Chakwal and Mirpur, Azad Kashmir.

Jhelum has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cfa) and is extremely hot and humid in summer, and warm and generally dry in winter. The maximum recorded temperature in the pre-monsoon season of April to June is 49.2 °C (120.6 °F), whereas in winter the minimum temperature recorded is −0.6 °C (30.9 °F).[33] Average annual rainfall is about 850 millimetres (33 in) which is much below the required quantity given the extremely high evaporation levels. Nevertheless, in the rainy season water torrents flow from the north to Jhelum River very rapidly and cause damage to the crops, bridges, roads. This is responsible for the soil erosion in the district.[34]

Climate data for Jhelum, Punjab
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 26.1
(79.0) 		30.7
(87.3) 		36.7
(98.1) 		43.3
(109.9) 		49.2
(120.6) 		49.0
(120.2) 		47.0
(116.6) 		42.2
(108.0) 		40.6
(105.1) 		37.8
(100.0) 		35.0
(95.0) 		27.8
(82.0) 		49.2
(120.6)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 19.7
(67.5) 		21.6
(70.9) 		26.6
(79.9) 		33.0
(91.4) 		38.1
(100.6) 		40.5
(104.9) 		35.9
(96.6) 		34.5
(94.1) 		35.0
(95.0) 		33.1
(91.6) 		27.6
(81.7) 		21.5
(70.7) 		30.6
(87.1)
Daily mean °C (°F) 12.3
(54.1) 		14.7
(58.5) 		19.5
(67.1) 		25.4
(77.7) 		30.1
(86.2) 		33.2
(91.8) 		30.9
(87.6) 		29.9
(85.8) 		29.0
(84.2) 		24.9
(76.8) 		18.7
(65.7) 		13.6
(56.5) 		23.5
(74.3)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 5.0
(41.0) 		7.7
(45.9) 		12.5
(54.5) 		17.7
(63.9) 		22.0
(71.6) 		25.8
(78.4) 		25.8
(78.4) 		25.3
(77.5) 		23.0
(73.4) 		16.6
(61.9) 		9.9
(49.8) 		5.7
(42.3) 		16.4
(61.5)
Record low °C (°F) −0.6
(30.9) 		0.0
(32.0) 		4.0
(39.2) 		8.6
(47.5) 		13.0
(55.4) 		18.0
(64.4) 		19.4
(66.9) 		19.4
(66.9) 		15.0
(59.0) 		8.9
(48.0) 		1.1
(34.0) 		0.0
(32.0) 		−0.6
(30.9)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 33.8
(1.33) 		50.0
(1.97) 		60.5
(2.38) 		36.6
(1.44) 		31.8
(1.25) 		51.9
(2.04) 		237.3
(9.34) 		221.2
(8.71) 		77.7
(3.06) 		12.2
(0.48) 		9.9
(0.39) 		30.4
(1.20) 		853.3
(33.59)
Mean monthly sunshine hours 212.8 202.9 225.3 256.8 312.7 284.7 247.0 243.6 257.0 287.5 251.9 215.3 2,997.5
Source: NOAA (1961-1990) [33]

Major floods

The biggest floods in Jhelum in recent years were in 1992. This flood put Jhelum city under water.[35]

Important sites

Front view of Melange super Market
Akram Shaheed Library

Rohtas Fort is a garrison fort built by the great Afghan king Sher Shah Suri. This fort is about 4 km in circumference and the first example of the successful amalgamation of Pukhtun and Hindu architecture in the sub-continent. Qila Rohtas is situated in a gorge approximately 16 km NW of Jhelum and 7 km from Dina.

The old city has a fascinating labyrinth of narrow streets and crowded bazaars. Opposite to the CMH Jhelum Cantt is located the beautiful mosque of the city, CMH Masjid Jhelum.

Located in the cantonment area is the St. John's Church Jhelum which was built in 1860. There was a local stadium near Gul Afshan Colony which was changed to a cricket stadium named Zamir Jaffri Cricket Stadium. Close to this stadium is located the Altaf Park which was constructed in 1994–95.

Nearly at a distance of 100m from Shandar Chowk, in the center of city is located Major Akram Shaheed Memorial Park. Major Muhammad Akram Memorial Library is also present in this park. On 6 September at the occasion of Defence Day, Parade also took place over here.

Mangla Dam Water Reservoir

Lehri Nature Park is almost 30 kilometers from Jhelum and 90 kilometres on GT Road in the hilly Pothohar region from Islamabad. It is 10 kilometres from GT Road. The Mangla Dam is located on the Jhelum River about 30 km (19 mi) from Jhelum, it is the twelfth largest dam in the world. It was constructed in 1967 across the Jhelum River. There is the Mangla View Resort[36] that is the first planned resort development in Pakistan to offer residences, villas, townhouses, hotels, serviced apartments & retail outlets. The resort is located on a 340-acre (1.4 km2) site on the Mangla Dam area.

Rasul Barrage is located on the Jhelum River about 30 km downstream from Jhelum. Two major water canals originate at the Rasul barrage, Rasul-Qadirabad link canal which is also called Lower-Jhelum link canal and Rasul-Shahpur branch canal. The area around the Rasul Barrage lake is also a picnic spot.

Travel and tourism

The lawn of Tulip Riverside Hotel[dead link‍]

Local

Auto Rickshaws are very popular mode of transport for short routes within the city. Many of the new rickshaws in the city use Compressed natural gas (CNG) instead of the petrol engines as CNG is environmentally clean and cheaper compared to petrol. Rickshaws by QingQi are another important mode of transportation. The older horse drawn tongas are now defunct although some can still be privately commissioned. Taxis and privately commissioned small passengger carrying vans are available

National

Bus Stand Jhelum

There is a regular bus/Hiace service available running from early hours of the morning to late night. Daily routes includes Rawalpindi, Islamabad, Lahore, Gujrat, Gujranwala, Sialkot, Mandi Bahauddin, Sargodha, Chakwal, Mirpur and Faisalabad.

Regular Bus/Van service is also available within Jhelum District. It includes important towns and villages such as: buses from Jhelum to Pind Dadan Khan, Dina, Sohawa, Lillah, Nakka Khurd, Chakri Rajgan Pind Sawika, Bair Faqiran- Green Hills Village) Nagyal, Sanghoi, Mangla Cantt, Nara, Domeli, Darapur, Jalalpur Sharif and many more, while vans go from Jhelum to Sanghoi,Wagon Stand from Jhelum to Wagh Dina, Kharian, Sarai Alamgir, Chak Jamal, Chak Doulat, Mughalabad, Boken, Dhanyala and many other destinations as well as Baragowah.

Railway

Jhelum Railway Station

The Jhelum Railway Station was built in 1928 during British rule before the independence of Pakistan. It was connected by the North-Western Railway to other cities in the Indian empire. Jhelum is on main line of Pakistan Railways, and linked to whole country through Railway line across the Pakistan. Many of the railway lines and bridges were designed and constructed by exceptionally hardworking engineers during the British time and after independence in railway workshop Jhelum.

Air

The nearest airport is the Islamabad International Airport, which is approximately 110 km by road from Jhelum. A small airport called Mangla Airport, located near Dina, is in use of the aviation wing of the Pakistan Army.

Telecommunication

The PTCL provides the main network of landline telephone with minority shares of few other operators like WorldCall. All major mobile phone companies operating in Pakistan provide service in Jhelum. Broadband internet access is available from DSL, EVDO to state of the art WiMax technology from many ISPs, WiMax and WiFi operators like PTCL EVO,[37] Wateen, Mobilink, WorldCall, LinkdotNet etc. WorldCall has laid its fiberoptics throughout the city of Jhelum for future project of FTTH with Tripple Play service.[38] In August 2008 PTCL has also launched its IPTV service named PTCL Smart TV in Jhelum.

Sports

Main article: Sport in Jhelum
Cricket Stadium Jhelum
Horse and rider in action

Located within the city is a golf course called the River-View Golf Club,[39] where national golf tournaments are held regularly.

There is also a Cricket Stadium Zamir Jaffri Cricket Stadium where District lavel tournaments are held. In October 2008, Pakistan Cricket Board upgraded this stadium for Regional events.[40]

Besides the mainstream sports like cricket, hockey, and squash, a lot of other sports are also played in the rural areas around the city. These, which are equally popular, include tent pegging, volleyball, football, stone-lifting, and Kabaddi thousands of people flock to these local grand sporting events as keenly as the average sports fan anywhere in the world.

These events are usually sponsored by the UK and foreign based Paksistani diaspora.

Education

File:Govt. College GT Road Jhelum.jpg
Govt. College GT Road Jhelum

Jhelum has an average educational infrastructure. The overall literacy rate for Jhelum is 35 percent, somewhat a lower literacy in Punjab province (58 percent).[29]

Jhelum has 6 Degree Colleges for Women, 6 Degree Colleges for Men, 6 Co-education Colleges, 6 Commerce Colleges, one Law College, with numerous higher secondary schools and over 150 high schools.[41]

Higher and technical education

In technical education there are two technical colleges, the Government Institute of Technology, Chak Daulat,Government Vocational Institute for woman, civil line Jhelum and the Government Technical Training Institute.[42] Jhelum also has two sub-campuses of the Virtual University of Pakistan namely Wings Institute of Learning and Punjab College For Women.[43] University of the Punjab is also established a sub-campus at Jhelum. Governament of Punjab has allocated 65 kanals of land for this purpose.[44]

Air School System is an Independent Education System that follows National Curriculum in accordance with Federal Ministry of Education and is registered as a Private Limited Company under the Companies Ordinance 1984. Air Foundation School System carries Trade Mark under the Ordinance 2001/Act 1940, Government of Pakistan. AFSS is ISO 9001 – 2000 certified by Moody International – All rights reserved. www.airfoundation.org.pk

Universities

The University of the Punjab recently opened a campus in Jhelum, offering programs related to business, commerce, law, and computer science. The new undergraduate and postgraduate degrees programs are due to commence soon. The literacy rate of Jhelum is high in comparison with other cities of the Punjab. Recently Pakistan's one of the top lawyer Raja Waqas Naseem Sikandar announced that he will open another university in Jhelum on 23 March 2013.

Colleges

  • Global College Of English Language Bilal Town Jhelum
  • Air Foundation School System Jhelum Campus (Boys & Girls)
  • Govt Noor Mudrassa Tul Banat Girls School, established since 1944
  • Army Public School and College Jhelum Cantt.
  • F.G. Intermediate College Jhelum Cantt
  • Fauji Foundation Model School & College, Jhelum Cantt.
  • Bahria Foundation College, GT Road, Jhelum.
  • Govt. Degree College, Jhelum.[45]
  • Govt. College. G.T. Road, Jhelum.[46]
  • Govt. College for Women, Jhelum.
  • Govt. College of Commerce, Bilal Town, Jhelum.
  • National Foundation School and College, Jhelum.
  • Govt. Islamia Girls Higher Secondary School and College, Jhelum.
  • Govt. Islamia Boys Higher Secondary School and College, Jhelum.
  • Jinnah Law College Near Kutcheri, Jhelum.
  • M.A. Jinnah College of Commerce & Computer Science, Jhelum.
  • PICS, Bilal town Jhelum.
  • City College for Girls, Jhelum
  • Islamic Asian College
  • Cadet College Jhelum[47]
  • Govt. college of Technology chak daulat Jhelum
  • SLS College, Jhelum
  • Superior College Jhelum
  • Bukhari College Jhelum
  • Punjab College Jhelum
  • University of the Punjab, Jhelum Campus
  • UET Taxila PD Khan Campus (Under Progress)
  • AIOU JHELUM CAMPUS (UNDER PROCESS)
  • Jhelum Group of Colleges
  • VU Jhelum Campus
  • PAKISTAN college of Science Bakhsh Road Jhelum City
  • Fauji Foundation College for Boys & Girls
  • Fatima Jinnah Girls Post Graduate College Jhelum Cantt
  • Govt Girls Collge G T Road Jhelum
  • Govt Girls Degree College Jalal, Bair Fariran Road Jalal Pur Sharif
  • Haider Model College Jalal Pur Sharif
  • Q MA Jinnah College of Commerce PD Khan Jhelum
  • Al Malik School & Girls Degree College Bad Lot Jhelum
  • Al-asfa College for Girls Rothas Road Jhelum
  • PICS College of Education GT Road Jhelum
  • Noor ul Nisa Girls Collge Katchri Road Jhelum
  • Wings College of Science and Commerce Civil Lines Jhelum
  • Gen Asif Nawaz Janjua Memral Model Higher secondary school
  • Govt College of Education for Boys Jhelum
  • Govt College of Technology Railway Road Jhelum
  • Faran College of Technology Rohtas Road Jhelum

Hospitals

DHQ Civil Hospital Jada Jhelum
AlKhadim Memorial Hospital

Jhelum has some of the largest hospitals[48] in the area which include the hospital in the cantonment area of the city managed by the Pakistan Army or sub organisations.[49]

  • District Headquarter Hospital, Jada
  • Rehmat Foundation Kidney Care and General Hospital Langar pur Road Thathi Gujran Jhelum
  • Rehmat Foundation Free Dispensary Mohallah Khawajgan Chowk Ahe e Hadees Jhelum
  • Combined Military Hospital Jhelum
  • Fauji Foundation Hospital, GT Road
  • Khadam Ali Memorial Hospital, Machine Mohalla No. 1
  • Khan Muhammad Hospital, AlAsria Road.
  • Sughra Hospital, Jhelum Cantt
  • Shahid memorial trust hospital Jhelum
  • Inayat Karim Medical Center, Jhelum Main G.T.road
  • AlKaram Hospital, Civil Lines
  • Afzal Hospital, Machine Mohalla No.3
  • Noor-un-Nisa Hospital
  • Fazal Hospital, Civil Lines
  • Azeem Hospital, Jhelum Cantt
  • Umair Children Hospital, Machine Mohalla No.3
  • Capt. Moazzam Shaheed Hospital
  • Mirza Hospital, Shandar Chowk
  • Zam Zam Diagnostic Centre, near main gate D.H.Q Hospital Jhelum.
  • Zam Zam Pathology Lab, G.T Road, Dina
  • Fatima Hospital - Pinan Wal
  • Mukhtar Begum Memorial Trust

Major industries

Pakistan Tobacco Company Jhelum

Some of the major industries are:[50]

Notable people

Main article: List of people from Jhelum
  • Map of Tehsil Jhelum
    Map of Tehsil Jhelum
  • A fort in Jhelum City
    A fort in Jhelum City
  • Jhelum Railway Station
    Jhelum Railway Station
  • Railway Road
    Railway Road
  • JJ Shop
    JJ Shop
  • Stylo and Hush Puppies, Civil Line
    Stylo and Hush Puppies, Civil Line
  • Saleem center, Civil Lines
    Saleem center, Civil Lines
  • Ladi's mart, MM#3
    Ladi's mart, MM#3
  • Cantonment Square, Jhelum
    Cantonment Square, Jhelum
  • Mahfooz Plaza, Kazim Kamal Road
    Mahfooz Plaza, Kazim Kamal Road
  • KFC Jhelum Cantt
    KFC Jhelum Cantt
  • View of a match
    View of a match
  • Zamir Jaffri Cricket Stadium
    Zamir Jaffri Cricket Stadium
  • Tulip lawn Jhelum
    Tulip lawn Jhelum
  • Kazim Kamal Park
    Kazim Kamal Park
  • A view of Old GT Road from Shabir Plaza
    A view of Old GT Road from Shabir Plaza
  • A view of Railway Road
    A view of Railway Road
  • Old GT Road
    Old GT Road
  • Passport Office
    Passport Office
  • Sh. Qaym Din Masjid
    Sh. Qaym Din Masjid
  • Masjid Afghan
    Masjid Afghan
  • Shandar Chowk Jhelum
    Shandar Chowk Jhelum
  • Jhelum River near Bela BBQ
    Jhelum River near Bela BBQ

See also

References

  1. ^ Jhelum Police official website
  2. ^ "Location of Jhelum – Falling Rain Genomics". Fallingrain.com. Retrieved 2013-01-25.
  3. ^ "TRENDS IN REGIONAL HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDICES: Table 2" (PDF). The United Nations. Retrieved 21 November 2010.[dead link‍]
  4. ^ John Pike. "Dominated Recruitment". Globalsecurity.org. Retrieved 2013-01-25.
  5. ^ Shoaib, Syed (2009-06-17). "City of Soldiers". BBC News. Retrieved 2013-01-25.
  6. ^ "AAJ NEWS Report (City of martyrs and warriors)". Youtube.com. 2009-02-10. Retrieved 2013-01-25.
  7. ^ a b c d http://world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&men=gpro&lng=en&des=wg&geo=-172&srt=pnan&col=abcdefghinoq&msz=1500&pt=c&va=&geo=442609372
  8. ^ The District Jhelum[dead link‍]
  9. ^ "Tehsil Municipal Administration Jhelum – Industries of Jhelum". Tmajhelum.com. Retrieved 2013-01-25.
  10. ^ a b Encyclopaedia of ancient Indian geography By Subodh Kapoor-page-3
  11. ^ "Encyclopaedia of Ancient Indian Geography – Subodh Kapoor". Books.google.co.in. Retrieved 2013-01-25.
  12. ^ Tareekh-e-Jhelum, page 92 by Anjum Sultan Shahbaz
  13. ^ The District Jhelum
  14. ^ http://books.google.co.in/books?id=43Fzt-G_-XYC&pg=PA3&dq=great+abhiras&hl=en&ei=3ymQTeabHImmcKyBvY0K&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CDsQ6AEwBA#<
  15. ^ Arrian, Anabasis Alexandri, v. 8, 20, 29; Curtius Rufus, Historiae Alexandri Magni, viii. 12–14, ix. 1, x. 1
  16. ^ a b c d "Jhelum District Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 14, p. 152". Dsal.uchicago.edu. Retrieved 2013-01-25. Cite error: The named reference "IGI" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  17. ^ Chisholm, Hugh (1910). "Alexander III (Alexander the Great)". Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition. Vol. 1.
  18. ^ Diodorus, Bibliotheca, xvii. 90
  19. ^ "The Tribes and Castes of Bombay: Ill – Reginald E. Enthoven". Books.google.com. Retrieved 2013-01-25.
  20. ^ "Biography of Abdur Rahim Khankhana". Retrieved 2006-10-28.
  21. ^ ^ a b c Robert L. Canfield, Turko-Persia in historical perspective, Cambridge University Press, 1991. pg 20: "The Mughals – Persianized Turks who invaded from Central Asia and claimed descent from both Timur and Genghis – strengthened the Persianate culture of Muslim India"
  22. ^ "Biography of Abdur Rahim Khankhana". Retrieved 2006-10-28.
  23. ^ a b "''Imperial Gazetteer of India'', v. 14, p. 159-160". Dsal.uchicago.edu. Retrieved 2013-01-25.
  24. ^ "Tehsils & Unions in the District of Jhelum – Government of Pakistan". Nrb.gov.pk. Retrieved 2013-01-25.
  25. ^ World-Gazetteer.com. "Jhelum City". Retrieved 2010-09-19.
  26. ^ "Jhelum Report". Crprid.org. Retrieved 2013-01-25.
  27. ^ Population of Jhelum District[dead link‍]
  28. ^ "Population growth rate". World-gazetteer.com. Retrieved 2013-01-25.
  29. ^ a b c http://www.statpak.gov.pk/depts/fbs/statistics/pslm_prov2006-07/2.14a.pdf
  30. ^ "District Profile". Dawn.com. Retrieved 2013-01-25.
  31. ^ "University of Gujrat". Uog.edu.pk. 2012-03-03. Retrieved 2013-01-25.
  32. ^ Gujranwala Business Center[dead link‍]
  33. ^ a b "Jhelum Climate Normals 1961-1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved January 16, 2012.
  34. ^ Annual weather report of Jhelum
  35. ^ http://precis.metoffice.com/Useful_Links/Publications/Sajjad.pdf
  36. ^ Mangla View Resort[dead link‍]
  37. ^ PTCL EVO[dead link‍]
  38. ^ LinkdotNET[dead link‍]
  39. ^ Jhelum River View Golf Club
  40. ^ Jang News report(District Cricket Stadium, Jhelum)
  41. ^ School Directory of PUNJAB (Jhelum)[dead link‍]
  42. ^ Technical education in Jhelum[dead link‍]
  43. ^ VU Jhelum campuses
  44. ^ Punjab University NewsLetter[dead link‍]
  45. ^ Government Degree College, Jhelum[dead link‍]
  46. ^ Government College. G.T. Road, Jhelum[dead link‍]
  47. ^ http://www.cadetcollegejhelum.com/
  48. ^ Types of Health Facilities report in Jhelum
  49. ^ Medical facilities in Jhelum[dead link‍]
  50. ^ TMA Jhelum (Industries)
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