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2013 North Korean nuclear test

Coordinates: 41°18′N 129°05′E / 41.30°N 129.08°E / 41.30; 129.08
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2013 North Korean nuclear test
Information
CountryNorth Korea
Test site41°18′N 129°05′E / 41.30°N 129.08°E / 41.30; 129.08,[1] near Mantapsan, Kilju County.
Period02:57:51, 12 February 2013 (2013-02-12T02:57:51) UTC[1]
Number of tests1
Test typeUnderground
Device typeFission
Max. yield15 kt
Test chronology
← 2009 Test
None →
North Korea and weapons
of mass destruction
North Korea and weapons of mass destruction
North Korea and weapons of mass destruction
Events
See also

On 12 February 2013, North Korean state media announced it had conducted an underground nuclear test, its third in seven years. A tremor that exhibited a nuclear bomb signature with an initial magnitude 4.9 (later revised to 5.1) was detected by The China Earthquake Networks Center,[2] Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization Preparatory Commission[3] and the United States Geological Survey.[1] In response, Japan summoned an emergency United Nations meeting for 12 February and South Korea raised its military alert status.

Test

USGS infographic on the event

On 12 February 2013, North Korea said it had successfully conducted a third underground nuclear weapons test, according to the Korean Central News Agency.[4] North Korea also said the test had used a miniaturized nuclear device with greater explosive power.[5]

Before North Korea announced they had conducted the test, seismic activity had already been detected in North Korea by the USGS, near the site of previous nuclear tests at Mantapsan in Kilju County. A large tremor, first estimated at magnitude of 4.9, was detected in North Korea and governments in the region were trying to determine whether it was a third nuclear test. The USGS upgraded the magnitude of the possibly nuclear tremor from 4.9 to 5.1, located 24 kilometres (15 mi) east-northeast of Sungjibaegam, North Korea.[6] The tremor occurred at 11:57 local time (02:57 UTC) and the USGS said the hypocenter of the event was only one kilometer deep. The China Earthquake Networks Center (Abbreviation: CENC; Chinese: 中国地震台网中心) also reported this event, putting the magnitude at Ms 4.9.[7] The tremor caused by the test could be felt by residents of the neighboring city of Hunchun and Antu, in Yanbian, Jilin Province, China.[8] A citizen of Hyesan, Ryanggang Province of North Korea, 80 km (50 mi) west from the nuclear test site, reported that many of 5- and 7-floor buildings shook very severely, and this caused cracking.[9]

Yield estimates

South Korea's defense ministry said the event reading indicated a blast of six to seven kilotons.[10][6][11][12] However, there are some experts who estimate the yield to be up to 15 kt, since the test site's geology is not well understood.[13] NORSAR compared the seismic data from all three North Korean nuclear tests and estimated the yield of the 2013 test as approximately 10 kt.[14]

In comparison, the atomic (fission) bombs dropped by the Enola Gay on Hiroshima (Little Boy, a "gun-type" atomic bomb) and on Nagasaki by Bockscar (Fat Man, an "implosion-type" atomic bomb) had blast yields of the equivalents of 16 and 21 kilotons of TNT, respectively.[citation needed]

Reaction

In response, Japan's Prime Minister, Shinzo Abe, called an urgent security meeting of the United Nations Security Council. The emergency session was to be held 9 AM EST on 12 February.[15] Tibor Toth, executive secretary of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization Preparatory Commission (CTBTO), confirmed the event's location was "roughly congruent with" nuclear tests carried out by North Korea in 2006 and 2009.[16] Japan's Kyodo News service reported the Japanese defense ministry had scrambled aircraft to hunt for radiation effects.[17] Japan's government is holding a national security council meeting in Tokyo according to NHK.[18] The South Korean military has also raised its readiness level.[19]

International

  •  Albania – Albanian Foreign Affairs strongly condemned the nuclear test conducted recent days by the government of the North Korea, whose authorities are ignoring constantly the reiterated calls of the international community to bring to an end such tests, in clear violation to the Security Council resolutions of the United Nations on this issue. By condemning this act, the Foreign Ministry appeals to the North Korea’s government to refrain immediately from such actions, which are serious provocations and have a negative impact on the security situation in this region and beyond.[20]
  •  Australia – The Prime Minister of Australia Julia Gillard said "The Australian Government condemns in the strongest possible terms nuclear testing by North Korea" in a statement.[21]
  •  Brazil – Brazil said it was deeply concerned and urged Pyongyang to comply with UN resolutions.[22]
  •  Bulgaria – Bulgarian Foreign Ministry spokesperson Vesela Cherneva expressed strong condemnation of the test, calling it "an ostentatious violation of UN Security Council Resolutions 1718, 1874 and 2087 and the Safeguards Agreement with the International Atomic Energy Agency".[23]
  •  Canada – Canadian Minister of Foreign Affairs John Baird issued a statement expressing that “The North Korean regime’s reckless disregard for the global will is again on display. This test — North Korea’s third — is provocative and marks a serious, misguided threat to regional peace and security."[24]
  •  China – The Foreign Minister of the People's Republic of China Yang Jiechi said that China "resolutely" opposes the latest nuclear test conducted by the Democratic People's Republic of Korea.[25]
  •  Colombia – The Government of Colombia, on a press release, condemns the nuclear test conducted on the day of today by the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) seeing a clear violation to the resolutions 1718 of the year 2006, 1874 of the year 2009, and 2087 of the year of 2013 of the United Nations Security Council. "This act is based on unnecessary provocation and puts peace and stability in risk the Korean Peninsula as well as obstructs the favorable global efforts of disarming and no proliferation of nuclear weapons." The Government of Colombia also "demands the DPRK to cease all actions that could disturb peace and international security and urges it to comply with the resolutions of the Security Council."[26]
  •  Ecuador – The president of Ecuador, Rafael Correa strongly condemned the nuclear test and stated that it violated U.N laws.
  •  Finland – The Finnish Minister for Foreign Affairs, Erkki Tuomioja, stated that "Finland disagrees with the nuclear test and fully agrees with the UNSC Resolutions 1718, 1874 and 2087 and the IAEA’s Safeguards Agreement. Finland urges North Korea to engage in close dialogue with the international community, including cooperation with the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), and in the framework of the Six-Party Talks."[27]
  •  France – French President François Hollande strongly condemned the test and said he would work with its United Nations Security Council partners on a firm response.[28]
  •  Germany – German Foreign Minister Guido Westerwelle strongly condemned the test and said the international community should consider further sanctions against North Korea.[29]
  •  India – India's Ministry of External Affairs spokesman, called upon North Korea to "refrain from such actions which adversely impact on peace and stability in region".[30]
  •  Iran – Iranian Foreign Ministry spokesman Ramin Mehmanparast stated after the nuclear test that all nuclear weapons should be "destroyed".[31]
  •  Ireland – Ireland's Tánaiste and Minister for Foreign Affairs and Trade, Eamon Gilmore, condemned North Korea's nuclear test "in the strongest terms" and stated that the test "threatens peace and stability on the Korean peninsula". He called on North Korea to re-enter the 'six party talks' and said that "[t]he regime in Pyongyang must realise that today's act is reckless and provocative and will only isolate it further from the international community."[32]
  •  Israel – The Israeli Foreign Ministry stated that "These actions by the DPRK (Democratic People's Republic of Korea), in violation of its international obligations, must be met with a swift response by the international community. A clear message must be sent to DPRK and to other countries that such activities are unacceptable and cannot be tolerated."[33][34]
  •  Italy – Italian Foreign Minister Giulio Terzi strongly condemned saying that the test threatens regional stability and global security, and he also added that Italy with the United Nations will take action against any North Korean nuclear plan.[35]
  •  Japan – The Prime Minister of Japan Shinzō Abe said the test was a "grave threat" that could not be tolerated.[36]
  •  Mexico – The Mexican Secretariat of Foreign Affairs condemned North Korea's nuclear test, and considered that "[it] goes against the efforts of the international community to foment dialogue, trust, and cooperation".[37]
  •  Norway – Norway's Foreign Minister Espen Barth Eide states: "We strongly condemn this nuclear test. This is a serious escalation in a tense region and we urge North Korea to stop with their nuclear testing," adding that he fears that North Korea will step up their nuclear programme. [38]
  •  Pakistan – In an official press release by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Pakistan condemned the North Korean nuclear test and stated that "Pakistan regrets that the Government of DPRK has conducted underground nuclear test."[39] In a short press official release, Pakistan stated that "it supports a nuclear weapons free Korean Peninsula as agreed by all parties in the Framework Agreement of 1994 and reaffirms its support for the Six-Party Talks process."[39]
  •  Philippines – The Department of Foreign Affairs of the Philippines stated that "The Philippines condemns the nuclear test carried out by the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK)." It also added that "the nuclear test by the DPRK clearly violates UN Security Council Resolutions 1695 (2006), 1718 (2006) and 1874 (2009) which demanded that the DPRK not conduct any further nuclear tests."[40]
  •  Romania – The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Romania has issued an immediate response regarding the nuclear test. Romania expressed its "firm condemnation" and made an appeal to DPRK to once again join the Non-Proliferation Treaty. Furthermore, Romania expressed its concerns regarding the unwillingness of the North Korean government to cooperate and comply with IAEA and UNSC Resolutions.[41]
  •  Russia – Russia "decisively condemned" the nuclear test calling it a violation of North Korea's international obligations.[42] Russian chief public health official Gennady Onishchenko confirmed that the nuclear test conducted by North Korea did not increase radiation levels in Russia. State Duma Defense Committee Deputy Chairman Franz Klintsevich has urged economic sanctions against North Korea to be imposed by the UN Security Council. He emphasized that North Korea issued an early test notification to South Korea and Japan but did not do the same for Russia although the two states had a common border.[43]
  •  South Africa – The South African International Relations Minister Maite Nkoana-Mashabane said: "South Africa believes that it is a prerequisite for peace and security in the region that the DPRK, as a confidence building measure, verifiably proves to the international community that it has permanently and fully dismantled any nuclear weapons. South Africa continues to urge all parties involved to avoid any actions that could exacerbate the volatile situation in the region."[44]
  •  Sri Lanka – The Ministry of External Affairs of Sri Lanka issued a statement reiterating Sri Lanka's concern over the test, going on to state that the DPRK had once again violated United Nations Security Council Resolution 1874 (2009). Furthermore, Sri Lanka called on the DPRK "to refrain from any action which could compromise peace and stability in the Korean Peninsula and the progress of the 6 party talks".[45][46]
  •  Taiwan – The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of China condemned the "provocative" nuclear test and reiterated its stances on a nuclear-free Eastern Asia.[47]
  •  Turkey – The Ministy of Foreign Affairs of Turkey stated that, Turkey is gravely concerned to learn that Democratic People's Republic of Korea made an underground nuclear test. This development is a clear violation of United Nations Security Council resolutions 1718, 1874 and 2087. Also Ankara regards this test as a threat to efforts towards international peace and security, and strongly condemns it.[48]
  •  United Kingdom – British Foreign Secretary William Hague said: "North Korea's development of its nuclear and ballistic missile capabilities poses a threat to international and regional security. Its repeated provocations only serve to increase regional tension, and hinder the prospects for lasting peace on the Korean Peninsula."[49]
  •  United States – The President of the United States Barack Obama called the test "highly provocative", and said that it "undermines regional stability".[50] He vowed actions to defend the U.S. and its allies.[51] The United States sent aircraft equipped with sensors that may be able to determine whether it was a plutonium or uranium weapon.[52]
  •  Uzbekistan The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Uzbekistan released a statement which strongly urges Pyongyang to listen to the opinion of the international community to continue to refrain from provocative actions that lead to an escalation of tensions and promote peace and confidence in the Korean peninsula.[53][54]

International Organizations

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c "M5.1 Nuclear Explosion - 24km ENE of Sungjibaegam, North Korea". Earthquake Hazards Program. United States Geological Survey. 12 February 2013. Retrieved 12 February 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  2. ^ "朝鲜(疑爆)Ms4.9地震" (in Chinese).
  3. ^ "Press Release: On the CTBTO's detection in North Korea". CTBTO. Retrieved 12 February 2013.
  4. ^ "(URGENT) N. Korea confirms it conducted third nuclear test". YonHapNews. 12 February 2013. Retrieved 12 February 2013.
  5. ^ "N.Korea says test used miniaturised nuclear device with greater explosive force". Voice of Russia. 12 February 2013. Retrieved 12 February 2013.
  6. ^ a b "M5.1 – 24km ENE of Sungjibaegam, North Korea". USGS. 12 February 2013. Retrieved 12 February 2013.
  7. ^ "朝鲜(疑爆)Ms4.9地震" (in Chinese).
  8. ^ "吉林珲春市民感到晃动 老太错以为心脏病犯了_资讯频道_凤凰网". IFENG. 12 February. Retrieved 12 February 2013. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  9. ^ "Hyesan Suffers Test Quake Damage". Daily NK. 13 February 2013. Retrieved 14 February 2013.
  10. ^ Riviera, Gloria; Akiko, Fujita (12 February 2013). "North Korea Tremor Arouses Suspicion of Nuclear Test". ABC News. Retrieved 12 February 2013.
  11. ^ Chance, David; Kim, Jack (12 February 2013). "China joins U.S., Japan in condemning North Korea nuclear test". Reuters. Retrieved 12 February 2013.
  12. ^ MacLeod, Calum (12 February 2013). "Obama calls North Korea nuclear test a threat to U.S." USA Today. Retrieved 12 February 2013.
  13. ^ "North Korea nuclear test raises uranium concerns". 12 February 2013. Retrieved 12 February 2013.
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  16. ^ "N.Korea seismic event shows 'explosion-like characteristics' -CTBTO". Trust.org. Retrieved 12 February 2013.
  17. ^ "'Artificial Earthquake' Suggests North Korea Just Tested a Nuclear Bomb". Atlantic Wire. Retrieved 12 February 2013.
  18. ^ Seig, Linda (11 February 2013). "Japan holding security meeting after N.Korea nuclear test report: NHK". Reuters. Retrieved 12 February 2013.
  19. ^ Song Sang-ho (12 February 2013). "N.K. has conducted 3rd nuke test". The Korea Herald. Retrieved 12 February 2013.
  20. ^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs condemns the nuclear test conducted by the North Korea, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Albania, 13 February 2013
  21. ^ "Australia condemns North Korea's nuclear test". Deccan Herald. 12 February 2013. Retrieved 12 February 2013.
  22. ^ "World leaders condemn North Korea nuclear test". Channel NewsAsia. Retrieved 13 February 2013.
  23. ^ "Regarding the new nuclear test carried out by the DPRK". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bulgaria. 12 February 2013. Retrieved 12 February 2013.
  24. ^ "World leaders condemn North Korea's nuclear test". Retrieved 12 February 2013. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |newspaperer= ignored (help)
  25. ^ "China opposes DPRK's nuclear test".
  26. ^ "EL GOBIERNO DE COLOMBIA CONDENA EL ENSAYO NUCLEAR REALIZADO HOY POR LA REPÚBLICA POPULAR DEMOCRÁTICA DE COREA". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Colombia,. 13 February 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link)
  27. ^ "Finland condemns North Korea's nuclear test". Formin.finland.fi. Retrieved 13 February 2013.
  28. ^ "France's Hollande condemns North Korean nuclear test". Reuters. Retrieved 12 February 2013.
  29. ^ "Germany condemns North Korea test, wants new sanctions". Reuters. Retrieved 12 February 2013.
  30. ^ "Reaction to North Korea's Test of a Nuclear Device". ABC. Retrieved 12 February 2013.
  31. ^ Yeganeh Torbati (12 February 2013). "Iran calls for end to nuclear arms after North Korean test". Reuters. Retrieved 12 February 2013.
  32. ^ "Ireland condemns North Korean nuclear test in 'strongest terms'". The Journal. Retrieved 12 February 2013.
  33. ^ "Israel, UNSC condemn North Korea nuclear test". Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 12 February 2013.
  34. ^ "Israel urges swift response to North Korea nuclear test". Reuters. Retrieved 12 February 2013.
  35. ^ "North Korea's third nuclear test Explodes a bomb from 7 kilotons". Stampa. Retrieved 12 February 2013.
  36. ^ Chance, David (13 February 2012). "North Korean nuclear test draws anger, including from China". Reuters.com. Retrieved 13 February 2013.
  37. ^ "México condena ensayo nuclear de Corea del Norte". Excélsior (in Spanish). Notimex. 13 February 2013. Retrieved 13 February 2013. {{cite news}}: |archive-url= is malformed: timestamp (help)
  38. ^ Krokfjord, Torgeir P. (12 February 2013). "Nord-Korea sprengte sin hittil kraftigste atombombe på en «sikker og perfekt» måte". Dagbladet. Retrieved 14 February 2013. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  39. ^ a b "Pakistan's Reaction to the Nuclear Weapon Test announced by the Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea (DPRK) on 12 February 2013". Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 12 February 2013. Retrieved 12 February 2013.
  40. ^ "DFA statement on the North Korean nuclear test". Gov.ph. 12 February 2013. Retrieved 12 February 2013.
  41. ^ "MAE condamnă testul nuclear nord-coreean". Mae.ro. 12 February 2013. Retrieved 13 February 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  42. ^ "Russia 'decisively condemns' nuclear test". itv.com. 12 February 2013. Retrieved 14 February 2013.
  43. ^ [Russia condemns North Korea's new nuclear test, Interfax, February 13, 2013]
  44. ^ "South Africa condemns North Korea nuclear test". Times. 12 February 2013. Retrieved 14 February 2013. {{cite journal}}: |first= missing |last= (help)
  45. ^ "Nuclear Test Conducted by the DPRK". Ministry of External Affairs, Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka. 14 February 2013. Retrieved 14 February 2013.
  46. ^ "SL concerned over nuke test by N/Korea". Daily Mirror. 14 February 2013. Retrieved 14 February 2013. {{cite journal}}: |first= missing |last= (help); Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  47. ^ "我政府譴責北韓核試挑釁作為並呼籲理性解決爭端". Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of China. 12 February 2013. Retrieved 12 February 2013.
  48. ^ "Turkey: Korea's nuclear test deepens concerns". Today's Zaman. 12 February 2013. Retrieved 14 February 2013.
  49. ^ Harris, Dominic (12 February 2013). "A violation of UN resolutions': William Hague condemns North Korea nuclear test". The Independent. Retrieved 14 February 2013.
  50. ^ MacLeod, Calum; Yang, Sunny (12 February 2013). "U.N. condemns North Korea nuclear test, promises action". USA Today. Retrieved 13 February 2013.
  51. ^ "Obama says N. Korea's nuke test 'highly provocative,' vows actions to defend U.S. and allies". Yonhap News. Retrieved 12 February 2013.
  52. ^ Sanger, David E.; Choe, Sang-hun (11 February 2013). "North Korea Confirms It Conducted 3rd Nuclear Test". The New York Times. Retrieved 12 February 2013.
  53. ^ "Сообщение информационного агентства «Жахон»" (in Russian). Jahon News Agency. 14 February 2013. Retrieved 15 February 2013.
  54. ^ "Ўзбекистон КХДРнинг ядровий синовлари юзасидан хавотирини билдирди" (in Uzbek). Kun.uz. 14 February 2013. Retrieved 15 February 2013.
  55. ^ "EU condemns North Korea nuclear test". euobserver.com. EUobserver. Retrieved 13 February 2013.
  56. ^ "North Atlantic Council strongly condemns North Korean nuclear test". NATO Official Websiteaccessdate=12 February 2013.
  57. ^ Charbonneau, Louis (12 February 2013). "U.N. chief condemns North Korea nuclear test as "grave" violation". Reuters. Retrieved 12 February 2013.

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