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Warrender Baths Club
File:Warrender badge.JPG
Club Information
  Location   Edinburgh, Scotland
  Established   1888
  Home Pools   Warrender Baths
     Sportspace, Berkhamsted
  Team Colours   Red, White
Swimming Information
  Chairperson   Gillian Hepburn
  Head Coach   Laurel Bailey
  Website   [1]

Warrender Baths Club is a swimming club based in Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom and was established in 1888.[1] Warrender Baths Club (WBC) ranks as one of Scotland’s premier clubs. in 2013 the Club had 340 competitive members with ages ranging from 5 to 22. They also had Water Polo and Masters sections of the club taking their total membership to over 600.[2] Their swimmers had competed regularly in a wide range of national and international competitions including Commonwealth and Olympic Games where they have won several medals.

Overview

WBC aims to help all swimmers fulfil their competitive potential and to retain their status as the best swimming club in the area.

WBC regularly has swimmers representing the club at the Amateur Swimming Association National Age Group Championships, the Eastern Regional Swimming Championships and in the Scotland County Age Group Championships, their aim is to increase the number of swimmers competing at County, Regional and National level. They can do this by offering swimmers up to 10.5 hours of pool training time per week.

History of The Club

The Beginning

In 1886 a few members of the Bellahouston Private Baths Club, Glasgow, decided with some Edinburgh friends to build a private swimming baths in Edinburgh. Frank Y. Henderson formed the Warrender Private Baths Company Limited which purchased a piece of ground from Sir George Warrender, MP, of Bruntsfield House. The Baths, designed by Robert Paterson, a local architect, were erected and equipped at a cost of £11,000 and opened on Saturday 17th December 1887 by Sir George Warrender.[3] The baths included a reading room, a billiards room, plunge and Turkish baths, gymnasium and swimming pool with trapeze and travelling rings suspended over the water. There was a five level diving stage, a springboard and a chute. The official founding date of Warrender Baths Club (WBC) is 1888.[4][5]

The first recorded WBC Champion was George M. Paterson in 1892. He was also the first President of the Club in 1894 and secretary of the Scottish Amateur Swimming Association (SASA) the following year.[4]

The Early Years until 1914

From these early years, Warrender quickly established itself as Scotland’s top swimming and water polo club. In 1896, Frank Marshall became the first of many Warrender water polo internationals[3] and in 1900 Stanley Bell of Warrender captained the Scottish team in the first and only Water Polo International to be held at Warrender. The pool was filled to the brim to get the requisite depth of water and youngsters were positioned in the subterranean passages so that they could quickly report should the buttresses give way.

Warrender Baths Club war memorial

In 1904, the Club colours of light blue, dark blue and scarlet were adopted. There was however at this time great financial depression and the Baths closed early in 1906 due to lack of support. At the Annual General Meeting of the Club it was agreed to carry on the Club in other headquarters. In 1908, Edinburgh Corporation purchased the Baths and its equipment for £3000 and Warrender Baths Club was reformed at its original home.[3]

The club was suspended during the 1914-18 War. A plaque in the front lobby of Warrender Baths commemorates those from club who died in this war.

The 1920s and 1930s - The Golden Years

The club reformed in May 1919 and won the Scottish Championships.

By 1924, Warrender had its first Olympic representative, and one of Scotland's greatest swimmers - Ellen King. Although only 15 years old and sick, Ellen was 6th in the 100 yards Backstroke in the Paris Olympic Games.[6] She won all Scottish Championship titles from 50 to 440 yards and until then, was the only swimmer to have won three British Championships at different strokes.[4] In spite of this, the Male-dominated Warrender Baths Club of the time , declineded to allow Ellen and other female swimmers a gala event, and so Ellen and several women left the club in 1925.[3] After she left the club, Ellen went on to win two silver medals at the 1928 Summer Olympics and silver and bronze medals at the 1930 British Empire Games. In 2002 she was inducted into the Scottish Sports Hall of Fame.[7]

Another outstanding pioneering Scottish swimmer, Jean McDowell was recruited by coach James McCracken and came 4th in the 100 yards Freestyle in the 1928 Amsterdam Olympics in a very close finish.[8] In 1927 and 1928 she won all of the Scottish freestyle championships.[9] At the 1930 British Empire Games in Hamilton, Canada, Jean won a bronze medal as part of the relay team and was joined by another Warrender swimmer, Jessie McVey, on the Scottish team[10] The Warrender Baths Club President George W Ferguson, and Scottish Amateur Swimming Association President, was appointed as the Team Manager for the Games. George Ferguson was chosen as the Commandant for the 1934 Empire Games and again Jean McDowall was on the Scottish team where she two won bronze medals. Jean would go on to help rebuild the Club after the Second World War. Female competitive swimmers had a lot of difficultly training at that time. Mixed bathing was not allowed and training times at Edinburgh swimming pools were particularly restricted for women. Training at Warrender was on Saturday mornings when all the school kids were there. It was hopeless. There was no thought that I, an Olympic hopeful, should have room to swim, As the Scotsman newspaper noted, even the father of the modern Olympic Games, Pierre de Coubertin, was against women's participation in sports.[9]

Between 1888 and 1938, the Warrender men won the Scottish Team Championships seven times and the East of Scotland Team title 22 times. The women's section had been Scottish team champions on three occasions, runners up seven times and won the East of Scotland title 11 years running. The Warrender Water Polo teams had won the Scottish Cup eight times, the East of Scotland Championship 14 times and the Edinburgh Corporation Trophy 17 times. In addition, Club members had won over 100 Scottish and Eastern individual championships.

The club suspended activities at the start the Second World War in 1939 and with the exception of two charity Galas in 1942 and 1943, only restarted again in 1946.

1946 to 1960s - Rebuilding the Club

When the post-war Committee of the Club met in 1946 they were faced with the daunting task of rebuilding the Club virtually from scratch. It took several years to re-establish the Club’s swimming prowess, much of which was attributable to the work of George Kirkland, Willie Porter and Mae Cochrane and by 1950 the Warrender junior team was the best in the East District.

In 1951, the Club regained the East District Team Race Championship for the first time since 1938.

The Club continued to develop its strength, and swimmers Jim Hill, Ian Percy-Robb and Val Marrian and diver Bill Law represented Scotland in the 1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games at Cardiff.

The Club continued to grow in the 1960’s, increasing both the depth of its swimmers and the extent of the training facilities used.

1960s to 1980s - Domination of Scottish Swimming

The years 1968 to 1987 were undoubtedly one of the most successful periods in the Club’s history. The Club dominated Scottish swimming and was a major force in British swimming with swimmers consistently competing and winning in European, Commonwealth and World arenas. The most prominent swimmer was [[David Wilkie]], but he was joined by a number of other swimmers who also won medals in international competitions. Much of this success was a direct result of the driving force of Club President Frank Thomas who devoted an enormous amount of time to the Club, including adding various new training venues and assistant coaches. No fewer than ten Warrender swimmers represented Scotland in the 1970 Commonwealth Games with David Wilkie and Sally Hogg representing Great Britain in the 1970 European Aquatics Championships in Barcelona later that year. David Wilkie was awarded the Nancy Riach Memorial Medal Award and the W.G. Todd Cup and Prize by the SASA for outstanding achievement in 1969/70. This was the first time in the Association’s history that both awards had gone to the same person in the same year, the latter award being for the outstanding junior swimmer of the year. Warrender were dominating Scottish and perhaps even British swimming. John Ashton took over from Frank as Chief Coach in 1970 and helped build a club structure with a strong base for the future. After he left in 1973, Charlie Raeburn took over as Head Coach and continued driving the Club forward successfully on all fronts. Several overseas trips were organised, including the first of a long-running association between Darmstadt in Germany and Warrender which was to last for many years.

The 1976 Montreal Olympic Games gave Warrender its finest moment to date and made David Wilkie one of the most famous names in Scottish sport. Some of the British public remember David as Scotland’s greatest ever swimmer. He won the Gold medal in the 200m Breaststroke dominating the race to set a new World Record of 2:15.11. He also claimed a superb Silver medal in the 100m Breaststroke setting a European record of 1:03.43. Club swimmers Gordon Downie and Alan McClatchey swam superbly to win Bronze medals as part of the 4 x 200m Freestyle Relay team. Over 300 Warrender members later attended a reception for our Olympic Champion. After a speech by Club President, Mae Cochrane, David paid tribute to Frank Thomas and John Ashton for their contributions to his success. David was voted European Male Swimmer of the Year and also awarded the MBE.

In 1982, Mae Cochrane was awarded the OBE for her outstanding services to swimming. Paul Easter represented Great Britain in the European Cup in Gothenburg and then Scotland in the 1982 Commonwealth Games in Brisbane, Australia where he won the bronze medal in the 4 x 200m Freestyle Relay and the 4 x 100m Medley Relay. He also represented Great Britain in the 1982 World Aquatics Championshipss in Ecuador.

At the 1984 Olympic Games in Los Angeles, Paul Easter swam a magnificent anchor leg in the 4 x 200m Freestyle Relay to snatch the bronze medal for Great Britain.

In 1985, Warrender Baths closed for a major overhaul lasting two years. Warrender continued to have success in the pool with Paul Easter, Colin Bole and Andrew Smith earning places in the Scottish 1986 Commonwealth Games team.

In 1987 Warrender won both the Robertson and the Waldie Trophies, the first time that a club had won both the Scottish National Open Championship and the Scottish National Age Group Championships in the same season.

Early in the Club’s centenary year, Warrender’s Men’s and Women’s team won the Scottish heats of the British Swimming Club Team Championships and Chief Coach Ian McGregor was awarded the Scottish Coach of the Year 1987. Warrender won the Waldie Trophy and Robertson Trophy for the second year in succession, with the Club’s swimmers winning over 40 individual championships and breaking over 30 championship records in the process. Centenary year proved to be an outstanding season for the Club closing its first 100 years on a memorable note when it regained the Wainwright Trophy from Paisley at the Scottish National Short Course Championships. The Club also held a very successful Centenary Gala in Dunfermline and a number of other celebratory social events.

The 1990s - Decline

In the mid-1990s the club found itself with significant financial difficulties, a declining membership and several short lived changes to its coaching staff. Whilst a few top level senior swimmers remained, Warrender was no longer the dominant age group and youth force in Scotland that it once was. When the Club asked post-graduate student and top squad swimmer Ian Wright to take over as Head Coach in 1996, the club had shrunk to less than 100 registered swimmers and was only rated 5th best club in the East District and way down the National rankings.

At the end of 1996, Scottish Swimming formed the City of Edinburgh Swimming programme to cater for elite swimmers who wanted to train in the capital. Warrender was one of six Edinburgh Clubs who worked in partnership to ensure the new ‘City’ programme became established and for several years Warrender became the main contributor of swimmers to the scheme.

1990s to 2013 - Rejuvination

In the early 2000’s the City of Edinburgh composite programme split away from the local pathway and became a club in its own right, thus ending the previous governance arrangement. Warrender would no longer automatically feed swimmers into the ‘City’ Club and started taking steps to reform its own pathway to elite and senior performances. The Club had made some steady growth and progress in the late 1990’s, demonstrated excellently at the age group level by re-claiming for the first time in many years, the Solripe Trophy (East of Scotland Age Group District Championships) as the East District’s top swimming club in 2000 – a title Warrender would then hold consecutively for 12 years. However, the Club’s growth and progress began to accelerate in the early 2000’s after forming strong partnerships with newly formed swimming lessons provider SwimEasy Limited,[11] and Colinton based Merchiston Castle School. One of the Club’s Development coaches Gail Smith had recently formed her own swimming lessons business, which would soon become well known throughout the city as SwimEasy. Gail worked closely with Head Coach Ian Wright, plus swimming convenor Frances Smith and Frances’s husband Hamilton Smith to drive forward quality swimming tuition of young children whom would later be naturally ready to progress their skills and abilities at Warrender.

A new relationship was formed with Merchiston Castle School where the Club would gain invaluable access to their 25 yard pool for training in return for help with their school swimming curriculum, school swim team and community swimming lessons. At the upper end of the Club, annual overseas training camps were re-established and featured venues such as Barcelona (Spain), Eger (Hungary), Castres (France) and Fort Lauderdale (USA). At the same time, Warrender started sending junior squads to compete abroad in meets where good links were established with host clubs in places like Buhl (Germany) and Reykjavik (Iceland).

A new group of talented and hard working young swimmers were starting to emerge on the British and Scottish national scene and in 2005 Warrender built on its East District success by winning the top club award at the Scottish National Age Group Championships, again a title the Club would not miss out on for most of the next decade. Subsequent years would also see Warrender capture the top club award numerous times at both the Scottish National Short Course and Open Championships.

Several swimmers were now regularly winning age group medals and titles at Scottish & British national meets. In 2004, Lewis Smith was the youngest male swimmer (aged 16) to make a final at the British Olympic Trials and a year later became the first Warrender swimmer for many years to swim for Great Britain at the 2005 European Junior Swimming Championships (making the final in the 400 IM), a feat he would repeat in 2006 as well as making his first senior team for the 2006 European Aquatics Championships in Budapest that year (placing 9th in the 400 IM). Ian Wright was selected to coach for Britain at all these events.

The 2006 Commonwealth Games were held in Melbourne, Australia for which Warrender swimmer Fiona Booth qualified to swim for Scotland in the 50 and 100 Breaststroke events (making the semi-final in both). Lewis was back in action for Great Britain in 2007 and 2008 at the European Short Course Swimming Championships as well as the 2008 Tri-Nations Swimming contest with France and Canada in Quebec.

At the Olympic Trials in 2008, Lewis just missed out on selection for the British team but Warrender had their biggest ever representation at the meet with 12 swimmers, one of whom, Sean Fraser, would go on to win a superb bronze medal in the 100 backstroke at the 2008 Paralympics in Beijing. Ewan Johnston (2 bronze medals), Andrew Haslett (1 bronze medal) and Sally Wood were all selected to swim for Scotland at the 2008 Commonwealth Youth Games in Pune, India.[12] Meanwhile, in the younger ranks, promising breaststroke swimmer Craig Benson was beginning to make waves with numerous national medals and British & Scottish age group records.

In early 2009 after a 13 year tenure, Head Coach Ian Wright decided to take a position with Scottish Swimming as a Performance Coach at the National Training Centre in Stirling and was replaced by his assistant at the time, Australian born Laurel Bailey. Warrender under Coach Bailey continued the trend of successes of the past decade, often dominating competitions on the Scottish national scene and at East District level. The links with SwimEasy were still in place and new swimmers progressed to the club regularly throughout each year. In the summer of 2009, Lewis Smith (400 IM) and Craig Hamilton (10km) were selected for the Great Britain 2009 World Aquatics Championships team that competed in the ‘infamous’ Hi-tech swimwear fabrics era in Rome, Italy where almost every world record in the books was broken. Hamilton also took part in the 2009 European Junior Swimming Championships, narrowly missing out on a medal in the 5km Open Water and reaching the final of the 1500m Freestyle. At the 2009 European Youth Olympic Festival, Craig Benson raced for Great Britain in the 100 Breaststroke.

Swimming membership had reached over 300 by 2010, and combined with parents, water polo and masters members, Warrender had become the largest swimming club in Scotland, providing the governing body with more revenue and performance successes than all others.

Warrender sent three swimmers to the 2010 Commonwealth Games in Delhi, Sean Fraser, Lewis Smith (who was now training at the National Centre in Stirling) and Craig McNally. Fraser won bronze in the S8 100m Freestyle, Smith made the 400 IM final and was part of the silver medal winning 4x200m Freestyle Relay, while McNally swam the backstroke in the Medley Relay and made semi-finals of the backstroke events.

In 2011, Dan Wallace and Craig Benson were both selected for the 2011 European Junior Swimming Championships in Belgrade. Wallace, who had made finals at the 2010 Championships, made great progress to win silver in 200m Individual Medlay and bronze in the 400m Individual Medlay. Benson, still only 17, was starting to fulfil some of his earlier promise, picking up a silver medal in the 100m Breaststroke and 4th in the 50m Breaststroke and 4x100m Medley Relay.[13] A few weeks later he was back in action at the 2011 FINA World Junior Swimming Championships in Lima, Peru, dropping more time off his best to capture a stunning gold in the 100m Breaststroke and silver in the 50m Breaststroke. Not done with that, Benson then made a clean sweep of the breaststroke events at the 2011 Commonwealth Youth Games in the Isle of Man. Meanwhile, Lewis Smith earned another international cap when placing 5th in the final of the 400 IM at the 2011 World University Games.

From 2009 to early 2012 the Royal Commonwealth Pool (RCP) was closed for major refurbishment[14] and much of the Club’s training time was shifted to Ainslie Park Leisure Centre and various school pools. At this time the Club had 13 different training squads operating out of 12 different swimming pools. It was a much bigger operation than ever before with the need to professionalise and pay more staff ever pressing. Finances were more secure but were tightly balanced to pay rising costs every year. The City of Edinburgh programme had ended in 2008 due to lack of finance and in 2009 the swimming clubs in Edinburgh and Scottish Swimming formed the ‘SwimEdinburgh’ project[15] to help manage the transition of RCP closure and work together to ensure the city’s best swimmers would always have the appropriate training available to reach their potential.

Finally, the RCP re-opened, and it was just in time for the London 2012 Olympic Trials where Craig Benson made a big improvement to qualify for the 100m Breaststroke despite only being 18 years old.[16] Both Lewis Smith and Craig McNally were also close to qualification, as was Scott Quinn for the Paralympics. Benson went on to swim brilliantly at his debut Games reaching the semi-final of the 100m Breaststroke and contributing to the Medley Relay team which placed 4th overall. Smith was again selected to compete for Great Britain, this time in the European Open Water Championships in Piombino, Italy, where he raced in the 5km event.[17]

In 2012, head coach Laura Bailey was awarded Performance Coach of the Year by Sportscotland, the National sports agency.[18]

Locations

Warrender Baths Club is based at Warrender Swim Centre 55 Thirlestane Road, Edinburgh EH9 1AP, Scotland. This is a grade-B listed building.[19] Facilities at Warrender include a 25m indoor pool, gymn and a sauna.[20] The club also uses

Competitions

WBC swimmers have the opportunity to take part in a number of competitive swimming events both as individuals and as part of a team at local, county and regional level. Elite swimmers may also achieve national times and be eligible for those events

During the year a range of Open Galas will be promoted by the club.

The principle events are as follows:

Club Competitions

  • Club Championships are typically held in January (middle distance) and June/July (sprint).
  • HHSC Birthday Open: this is an open meet held in October/November annually. All club swimmers who are eligible are expected to compete.
  • Shark's Gala is a fun event for all members of the club from Aquabears to Masters. The timing of this event may vary year on year but is usually in December.
  • Peanuts Trials - Prior to the start of the Peanuts League each year the club holds a trials gala to help with team selection, all swimmers in the qualifying age groups are expected to compete.

Scotland County Swimming

WBC swimmers compete at the annual Scotland Youth (15-17yrs) and BAGCATs or British Age Group (9-14yrs) County Championships which are held in March each year. The Masters competition is held towards the end of June. Younger swimmers trying to qualify for their first County Championships also have the opportunity to compete in the Development Meet in November

Eastern Region Swimming

WBC is affiliated to the East Region which includes Midlothian, East Lothian, and . Regional events include:

  • The East Region ASA Championships which are held in June each year.
  • The Chiltern League: this is a junior club-based competition attracting teams from Scotland, Oxfordshire, Bedfordshire and Bucks. This event has three Rounds each year for each of its two Divisions. WBC enters one team.

National Swimming

Swimmers who achieve their National Qualification Times can swim in the National Championships for their age group, these usually take place in July/August.

The Masters team (swimmers over the age of 25) compete for the club each summer in the Scottish British, European and World Championships.

East of Scotland Swimming League

Scotland Swimming League operates the following county competitions:

  • Herts Major League– the county’s premier competition, organised into three Divisions with 10 to 12 teams in each Division, and three Rounds each year. WBC enters two teams each year.
  • Peanuts League – aimed at younger swimmers, again organised into three Divisions with 10 to 12 teams in each Division, three Rounds each year. HHSC enters three teams each year, currently the only club in the County to do so.

National Swimming League

The National Arena Swimming League (formerly known as The Speedo League) is a National League competition broken down into seven Regions and WBC competes in the London Area and is currently in Division 2. The London Area is organised into three Divisions with over 40 Clubs spanning from Tring to Hove, Windsor to Norwich.

Notable Swimmers

David Wilkie the Olympic gold medallist swimmer,[21] Ellen King a silver Olympic medallist,[22] bronze medal Olympic swimmers Paul Easter,[23] Gordon Downie[24] and Alan McClatchey[25], Olympic finalist Jean McDowell[26] and Olympic swimmer Craig Benson[27] trained with Warrender Baths Club.[5] World champion and Olympic silver medallist Keri-Anne Payne joined Warrender Baths club in 2012.[28]

Sean Fraser won a bronze medal at the Beijing Paralympics 2008.[29]

References

  1. ^ Archibald, Cathy (21 November 2008) Report PS 52 - Warrender Baths Club Scottish Parliament Pathways into Sport Committee Report, Retrieved 14 February 2013
  2. ^ Staff Q&A: Warrender baths Club Kukri Sports, Retrieved 14 February 2013
  3. ^ a b c d Staff (4 February 2006) Wonder of Warrender The Scotsman, Retrieved 15 February 2013
  4. ^ a b c Warrender Baths Club, History Accessed 5 April 2010.
  5. ^ a b Gilmore, J., editor (1990) "A Hundred Years of Warrender Baths Club 1888-1988" Warrender Baths Club, Edinburgh ISBN 0-9516787-0-1
  6. ^ Hannan, Martin (17 November 2002) Scottish sports hall of fame: The nominees: Ellen King (1909-1994) Scotland on Sunday, Retrieved 14 February 2012
  7. ^ Ellen King, Swimming, Inducted 2001 Sport Scotland, Scottish Sports Hall of Fame, Retrieved 15 February 2013
  8. ^ Daniels, Stephanie (Spring 1999) Swimming to the Very End - British Swimming Memories of 1928 Amsterdam LA84 Foundation, Retrieved 17 February 2013
  9. ^ a b Tedder, Anita and Daniels, Stephanie (12 February 2000) Jean Burnett The Herald, Retrieved 25 January 2013
  10. ^ Jean McDowell (Jean Burnett) Gazeteer for Scotland, Sports Personalities, Retrieved 17 February 2013
  11. ^ SwimEasy Official website Retrieved 16 February 2013
  12. ^ Scottish Swimming Newsletter Scottish Swimming, etrieved 16 February 2013
  13. ^ (7 December 2011) Successful European campaign for Warrender SwimEasy, Retrieved 16 February 2013
  14. ^ Magowane Greene, Amy (21 March 2009) Commonwealth pool facing two-year closure The Journal. Retrieved 16 February 2013
  15. ^ City of Edinburgh Swimming Retrieved 16 February 2013
  16. ^ Carswell, Claire (5 March 2012) Edinburgh teenager sets new Scottish swim record as he qualifies for Olympics Scottish Television Edinb urgh, Retrieved 16 February 2013
  17. ^ (16 september 2012) Swimming - European Open Water Championships, Piombino (Italy) The-Sports.org, Retrieved 16 February 2013
  18. ^ (10 December 2012) Coach reaps rewards after year of Olympic swimming success Scottish Television, Retrieved 16 February 2012
  19. ^ (19 March 1993) Thirlestane Road Warrender Baths, Edinburgh British Listed Buildings, Retrieved 16 February 2013
  20. ^ Staff Welcome to Warrender Swim Centre Edinburgh Leisure, Retrieved 14 February 2013
  21. ^ Staff (2013) David Wilkie Biography Sports Reference LLC/USA Today Sports, Olympic Sports, Accessed 14 February 2013
  22. ^ Hannan, Martin (17 November 2002) Scottish sports hall of fame: The nominees: Ellen King (1909-1994) Scotland on Sunday, Retrieved 14 February 2012
  23. ^ "Swimming in Scotland: Scottish Swimmers, Swimming Venues in Scotland, Alison Sheppard, James Anderson, David Wilkie,..." General Books LLC, Published 6 November 2010, ISBN-13: 9781157957690
  24. ^ "Gordon Downie Biography". Sports Reference LLC/USA Today Sports. Retrieved 14 February 2013.
  25. ^ "Alan McClatchey Biography". Sports Reference LLC/USA Today Sports. Retrieved 14 February 2013.
  26. ^ Tedder, Anita and Daniels, Stephanie (12 February 2000) Jean Burnett The Herald, Retrieved 14 February 2013
  27. ^ Staff (2012) London 2012 Olympics - Craig Benson Profile the Telegraph, Retrieved 14 February 2013
  28. ^ Magnay, Jacqueline (29 December 2012) Keri-Anne Payne considers switching to the pool after the pain of fourth at London Olympics The Telegraph, Retrieved 14 February 2013
  29. ^ "London calling as Fraser nets bronze in 100m clash". the Scotsman. 11 September 2008. Retrieved 2013-02-14.

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