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Harrods

Coordinates: 51°29′59″N 00°09′49″W / 51.49972°N 0.16361°W / 51.49972; -0.16361
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Harrods
Company typePrivate company
IndustryRetail
GenreDepartment Store
Founded1834
FounderCharles Henry Harrod
HeadquartersLondon, United Kingdom
Key people
Hamad bin Jassim bin Jaber Al Thani, Hussain Al Abdulla, Ahmad Al Sayed, Kamel Maamria, Michael Ward
ProductsQuality & luxury goods
Revenue£635 million (2010)
OwnerQatar Investment Authority
Number of employees
5000
ParentHarrods
Websitewww.harrods.com

Harrods is an upmarket department store located in Brompton Road in Knightsbridge, in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea, London. The Harrods brand also applies to other enterprises undertaken by the Harrods group of companies including Harrods Bank, Harrods Estates, Harrods Aviation and Air Harrods, and to Harrods Buenos Aires, sold by Harrods in 1922 and closed as of 2011, with plans announced to reopen in 2013.[1]

The store occupies a 5-acre (20,000 m2) site and has over one million square feet (90,000 m2) of selling space in over 330 departments making it the biggest department store in Europe. The UK's second-biggest shop, Selfridges, Oxford Street, is a little over half the size with 540,000 square feet (50,000 m2) of selling space.,[2] while the third largest, Allders of Croydon had 500,000 square feet (46,000 m2) of retail space. By comparison Europe's second-largest department store the KaDeWe in Berlin has a retail space of 650,000 square feet (60,000 m2).

The Harrods motto is Omnia Omnibus Ubique—All Things for All People, Everywhere. Several of its departments, including the seasonal Christmas department and the Food Hall, are world famous.

History

Fashion plate of 1909 shows wealthy Londoners walking in front of Harrods

Harrods founder Charles Henry Harrod first established his business in 1824, aged 25. The business was located south of the River Thames in Southwark. The premises were located at 228 Borough High Street. He ran this business, variously listed as a draper, mercer and a haberdasher, certainly until 1831.[3][4][5] During 1825 the business was listed as 'Harrod and Wicking, Linen Drapers, Retail',[6] but this partnership was dissolved at the end of that year.[7] His first grocery business appears to be as ‘Harrod & Co.Grocers’ at 163 Upper Whitecross Street, Clerkenwell, E.C.1., in 1832.[8] In 1834 in London's East End, he established a wholesale grocery in Stepney, at 4, Cable Street, with a special interest in tea. In 1849, to escape the vice of the inner city and to capitalise on trade to the Great Exhibition of 1851 in nearby Hyde Park, Harrod took over a small shop in the district of Brompton, on the site of the current store. Beginning in a single room employing two assistants and a messenger boy, Harrod's son Charles Digby Harrod built the business into a thriving retail operation selling medicines, perfumes, stationery, fruit and vegetables. Harrods rapidly expanded, acquired the adjoining buildings, and employed one hundred people by 1880.

However, the store's booming fortunes were reversed in early December 1883, when it burnt to the ground. Remarkably, in view of this calamity, Charles Harrod fulfilled all of his commitments to his customers to make Christmas deliveries that year—and made a record profit in the process. In short order, a new building was built on the same site, and soon Harrods extended credit for the first time to its best customers, among them Oscar Wilde, Lillie Langtry, Ellen Terry, Charlie Chaplin, Noël Coward, Gertrude Lawrence, Laurence Olivier and Vivien Leigh, Sigmund Freud, A. A. Milne, and many members of the British Royal Family.

On Wednesday, 16 November 1898, Harrods debuted England's first "moving staircase" (escalator) in their Brompton Road stores; the device was actually a woven leather conveyor belt-like unit with a mahogany and "silver plate-glass" balustrade.[9] Nervous customers were offered brandy at the top to revive them after their 'ordeal'. The department store was purchased by the Fayed brothers in 1985.[10]

2010 sale

Following denial that it was for sale, Harrods was sold to Qatar Holdings, the sovereign wealth fund of the State of Qatar in May 2010. A fortnight previously, Al-Fayed had stated that "People approach us from Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Qatar. Fair enough. But I put two fingers up hahahahahahahahhahahhahahhahaweuhlSDIhASIfjo to them. It is not for sale. This is not Marks and Spencer or Sainsbury's. It is a special place that gives people pleasure. There is only one Mecca."[11]

The sale was concluded in the early hours of 8 May, when Qatari Prime Minister Hamad bin Jassim bin Jaber Al Thani came to London to finalise the deal, saying that the acquisition of Harrods would add "much value" to the investment portfolio of Qatar Holdings while his deputy, Hussain Ali Al-Abdulla, called it a "landmark transaction".[10] A spokesman for Al-Fayed said "in reaching the decision to retire, [Fayed] wished to ensure that the legacy and traditions that he has built up in Harrods would be continued."[10] Harrods was sold for £1.5 billion; half of the sale will be used to pay bank debts of £625 million.[12]

Al-Fayed later revealed in an interview that he decided to sell Harrods following the difficulty in getting his dividend approved by the trustee of the Harrods pension fund. Al-Fayed said "I'm here every day, I can't take my profit because I have to take a permission of those bloody idiots...I say is this right? Is this logic? Somebody like me? I run a business and I need to take bloody fucking trustee's permission to take my profit"[13] Al-Fayed was appointed honorary chairman of Harrods, a position he will hold for at least six months.[13]

Significant event timeline

The Harrods building frontage
  • 1824: Charles Henry Harrod starts his first business as a Draper, at 228, Borough High Street, Southwark, London.
  • 1834: Charles Henry Harrod (1799–1885) founds a wholesale grocery in Stepney, East London
  • 1849: Harrods moves to the Knightsbridge area of London, near Hyde Park
  • 1861: Harrods undergoes a transformation when it was taken over by Harrod's son, Charles Digby Harrod (1841–1905)
  • 1883: On 6 December, fire guts the shop buildings, giving the family the opportunity to rebuild on a grander scale
  • 1889: Charles Digby Harrod retires, and Harrods shares are floated on the London Stock Exchange under the name Harrod's Stores Limited
  • 1905: Begun in 1894, the present building is completed to the design of architect Charles William Stephens.
  • 1914: Harrods opens its first and only foreign branch in Buenos Aires, Argentina. It became independent of Harrods in the late 1940s but still traded under the Harrods name usable only in Argentina Harrods Buenos Aires.
  • 1914: Harrods buys the Regent Street department store Dickins & Jones.
  • 1919: Harrods buys the Manchester department store, Kendals; it took on the Harrods name for a short time in the 1920s, but the name was changed back to Kendals following protests from staff and customers.
  • 1959: The British department store holding company, House of Fraser, buys Harrods.
  • 1969: Christian the lion was bought by John Rendall and Anthony 'Ace' Bourke. The lion was set free in Kenya after reaching maturity.
  • 1983: A terrorist attack by the Provisional IRA outside the Brompton store kills six people.
  • 1985: The Fayed brothers buy House of Fraser including Harrods Store for £615 million.[10]
  • 1986: The small town of Otorohanga in New Zealand briefly changed its name to Harrodsville in response to legal threats made by Mohamed Al-Fayed against a person with the surname of Harrod, who had used the name "Harrod's" for his shop. Other town businesses changed their store name to Harrod's in support, and the resultant lampooning in the British press led to Fayed dropping the legal action.[citation needed]
  • 1990: A Harrods shop opens on board the RMS Queen Mary in Long Beach, California, which was then owned by the Walt Disney Company. Harrods gives right to Duty Free International for a licence to operate a Harrods Signature Shop at Toronto Pearson International Airport's Terminal 3 (closed shortly after)[14]
  • 1994: The relationship between House of Fraser and Harrods is severed. Harrods remains under the ownership of the Fayed family, and House of Fraser is floated on the stock exchange.
  • 1997: An English court issues an injunction to restrain the Buenos Aires Harrods store from trading under the Harrods name.
  • 2000: A Harrods shop opens on board the RMS Queen Elizabeth 2, owned by the Cunard Line.
  • 2006: The Harrods "102" shop opens opposite the main shop in Brompton Road; it features concessions like Krispy Kreme and Yo! Sushi, as well as florists, a herbalist, a masseur, and an oxygen spa.
  • 2006: Omar Fayed, Mohamed's youngest son, joins the Harrods board.
  • 2010: Qatar Holdings become the new owners of Harrods, after Fayed announces he has sold the shop. It had been reported that Qatar Holdings paid £1.5 billion for the Knightsbridge store, in a deal signed in the early hours of 8 May 2010.[10]
  • 2010: Harrods looks at the possibility of expanding to China and opening a new shop in Shanghai. Michael Ward, managing director of Harrods, said, "There are other areas of the world where we could operate profitably." The amount of Chinese shoppers visiting Harrods is increasing, and the average spent by a Chinese shopper is three times that of any other nationality.[15]
  • 2012: The figurative sculptures that once adorned the Harrods food hall are consigned for sale at West Middlesex Auction Rooms, The 2 Mermaids suporting a giant Clam and the Stag and Boar sheltering under an English Oak are purchased by Greaves & Thomas for inclusion in an elaborate fountain for Ryde, Isle of Wight.

Products and services

The shop's 330 departments offer a wide range of products and services. Products on offer include clothing for women, men, children and infants, electronics, jewellery, sporting gear, bridal trousseau, pets and pet accessories, toys, food and drink, health and beauty items, packaged gifts, stationery, housewares, home appliances, furniture, and much more.

A representative sample of shop services includes 32 restaurants, serving everything from high tea to tapas to pub food to haute cuisine; a personal shopping-assistance programme known as "By Appointment"; a watch repair service; a tailor; a dispensing pharmacy; a beauty spa and salon; a barbers shop; Harrods Financial Services; Harrods Bank; Ella Jade Bathroom Planning and Design Service; private events planning and catering; food delivery; a wine steward; bespoke "picnic" hampers and gift boxes; bespoke cakes; and bespoke fragrance formulations.

Up to 300,000 customers visit the shop on peak days, comprising the highest proportion of customers from non-English speaking countries of any department store in London. More than five thousand staff from over fifty different countries work at Harrods.

As of the 15 October 2009, Harrods Bank has started selling gold bars and coins that customers can buy "off the shelf". The gold products range from 1 g to 12.5 kg, and can be purchased within Harrods Bank. They also offer storage services, as well as the ability to sell back gold to Harrods in the future.[16]

Royal warrants

Harrods was the holder of royal warrants from:

In August 2010, in a letter to the Daily Telegraph, Al-Fayed revealed that he had burnt Harrods royal warrants, after taking them down in 2000. Harrods had held the Royal warrants since 1910. Describing the warrants as a "curse", Al-Fayed claimed that business had tripled since their removal. The Duke of Edinburgh removed his warrant in January 2000,[17] the other warrants were removed from Harrods by Al-Fayed in December, pending their five yearly review. The Duke of Edinburgh had been banned from Harrods by Al-Fayed.[18] Film of the burning of the warrants in 2009 was shown in the final scene of Unlawful Killing a film funded by Al-Fayed and directed by Keith Allen.[17]

Memorials

TheEgyptian-style clothing department at Harrods

Since the deaths of Diana, Princess of Wales, and Dodi Al-Fayed, Mohamed Al-Fayed's son, two memorials commissioned by Al-Fayed have been erected inside Harrods to the couple. The first, located at the base of the Egyptian Escalator, was unveiled on 12 April 1998, consisting of photographs of the two behind a pyramid-shaped display that holds a wine glass smudged with lipstick from Diana's last dinner as well as what is described as an engagement ring Dodi purchased the day before they died.[19]

The second memorial, unveiled in 2005 and located by the escalator at door three is entitled "Innocent Victims", a bronze statue of the two dancing on a beach beneath the wings of an albatross, a bird said to symbolise the "Holy Spirit".[20] The sculpture was created by William Mitchell, a close friend of Al-Fayed and artistic design advisor to Harrods for 40 years. Al-Fayed said he wanted to keep the pair's "spirit alive" through the statue.[21]

After the death of Michael Jackson, Al-Fayed announced that they had already been discussing plans to build a memorial statue.[22] The statue is at the rear of Craven Cottage football ground, facing the river.

Dress code

From 1989 Harrods has had a dress code policy[23] and had turned away several people who it believed were not dressed appropriately. These included a soldier in uniform,[24] a scout troop,[25] a woman with a mohican hair cut,[26] a 15 stone (95 kg) woman[27] and FC Shakhtar Donetsk's first team for wearing tracksuits.[28] This however, is no longer the case, and most outfits and dress-styles will be allowed within the store, though security staff still retain the right to refuse entry without giving an explanation as to why. Harrods still has a strict and accepted dress code, where people are refused and not allowed to enter the store if they are wearing high-cut, Bermuda or beach shorts, swimwear, athletic singlets, cycling shorts, flip flops or thong sandals, if they have bare midriff or bare feet, if they are excessively sweaty, or if they are wearing dirty or unkempt clothing.

Criticism

Harrods and Al-Fayed have been criticised for selling real animal fur with regular protests organised outside Harrods.[29] Harrods is the only department store in Britain that has continued to sell fur.[30] Harrods was sharply criticised in 2004 by the Hindu community for marketing a line of feminine underwear (designed by Roberto Cavalli) which featured the images of South-Asian goddesses. The line was eventually withdrawn and formal apologies were made.[31] Harrods has been criticised as "deeply sexist" for making female employees wear six kinds of makeup at all times without requiring this of male employees.[32][33][34]

Asma al-Assad, the wife of the President of Syria, Bashar al-Assad, used an alias to shop at Harrods despite economic sanctions imposed by the European Union that froze funds belonging to her and her husband.[35]

Further reading

  • Chris Bennett and Colin Cameron (2000-02-07). Behind the Scenes at Harrods. Andre Deutsch. ISBN 0-233-99617-6.
  • Tim Dale (1986). Harrods: The Store and the Legend. Pan. ISBN 0-330-29800-3. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

See also

References

Notes:

  1. ^ La Nación newspaper, Buenos Aires, Harrods, the return of an icon of Bienos Aires, April 2010 Template:Es icon
  2. ^ Clegg, Alicia (13 December 2005). "Hot Shops: Retail Revamps". Businessweek.com. Retrieved 26 June 2009.
  3. ^ Rate Books April 1824 to April 1831 held at Local History Library, Borough High Street, Southwark, London.
  4. ^ 1830 Critchett’s Directory, London.
  5. ^ 1832 Robson’s Directory
  6. ^ Pigot’s Directory of 1826-27
  7. ^ "Issue 18210, published on the 10th. January, 1826, page 57". London-gazette.co.uk. Retrieved 2010-08-22.
  8. ^ 1832 Robson's Directory
  9. ^ "The First Moving Staircase in England." The Drapers' Record, 19 Nov. 1898: 465.
  10. ^ a b c d e "Mohammed Fayed sells Harrods store to Qatar Holdings". BBC News. BBC. 8 May 2010. Retrieved 8 May 2010.
  11. ^ "Qatar, the tiny Gulf state that bought the world". Independent. 2010-05-11. Retrieved 2010-08-22.
  12. ^ Bower, Tom (2010-05-10). "Why Al-Fayed sold Harrods, for £1.5 billion". This Is Money. Retrieved 2010-08-22.
  13. ^ a b "Mohammed Fayed: Why I Sold Harrods". Evening Standard. 2010-05-26. Retrieved 2010-08-22.
  14. ^ "Duty Free International Inc. announces plans to open a Harrods Signature Shop at the new terminal 3-Lester B. Pearson Toronto International Airport. - PR Newswire | HighBeam Research: Online Press Releases". Highbeam.com. 1990-01-24. Retrieved 2010-08-22.
  15. ^ Julia Finch, City editor (8 July 2010). "Harrods eyes Shanghai to cash in on China's new wealth | Business". London: The Guardian. Retrieved 2010-08-22. {{cite news}}: |author= has generic name (help)
  16. ^ "Harrods Starts Selling Gold Bars". The London Insider. 16 October 2008. Retrieved 16 October 2009.
  17. ^ a b Mendick, Robert (26 June 2011). "Anger as Mohamed Fayed burns Harrods royal warrants". London: The Daily Telegraph.
  18. ^ Hardman, Robert (23 December 2000). "Everything must go as Harrods cuts royal links". London: The Daily Telegraph.
  19. ^ Rick Steves, Getting Up To Snuff In London, /www.ricksteves.com.
  20. ^ Harrods unveils Diana, Dodi statue, CNN.com, 1 September 2005.
  21. ^ "Diana bronze unveiled at Harrods". BBC News. BBC. 1 September 2005. Retrieved 8 May 2010.
  22. ^ "Michael Jackson memorial statue planned for Harrods, says Mohamed Al-Fayed". The Daily Telegraph. London: Telegraph Media Group. 29 June 2009. Retrieved 26 June 2009.
  23. ^ "Don't come as you are: There is only Harrods dress code". The Independent. 1994-07-18. Retrieved 2010-08-22.
  24. ^ "Harrods bans soldiers on Poppy Day". Daily Mail. 2006-11-18. Retrieved 2010-08-22.
  25. ^ "'Harrods bars' Hampshire scouts wearing woggles". BBC News. 2010-03-18. Retrieved 2010-08-22.
  26. ^ "Harrods snub 'Mohican' fundraiser". BBC News. 2009-07-15. Retrieved 2010-08-22.
  27. ^ "'Too fat for Harrods' woman to sue". BBC News. 1997-12-15. Retrieved 2010-08-22.
  28. ^ "Harrods bars Shakhtar before they face Fayed's Fulham". BBC News. 2010-02-17. Retrieved 2010-08-22.
  29. ^ "Harrods fur protests". Vegies.org.uk. 27 June 2009. Retrieved 26 June 2009.
  30. ^ "The Coalition to Abolish the Fur Trade". Caft.org.uk. Retrieved 2009-06-26.
  31. ^ "Harrods apology over Hindu bikinis". BBC News. BBC. 9 June 2004. Retrieved 9 June 2004.
  32. ^ Hughes, Sali (4 July 2011). "Harrods' line on beauty is 'deeply sexist'". www.guardian.co.uk. Retrieved 7 July 2011.
  33. ^ Myers, PZ (2011-07-06). "I guess I'll never get a retail job at Harrods". "Pharyngula". Retrieved 2011-07-06.
  34. ^ Williams, Mary Elizabeth (2011-07-06). "Should a woman be forced to wear makeup?". www.salon.com.
  35. ^ Lauren Miligan (2011-03-20). "European Blacklist". Vogue. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)

References:

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Harrods.

51°29′59″N 00°09′49″W / 51.49972°N 0.16361°W / 51.49972; -0.16361

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