Dashain

Dashain is a 15 day national festival of Nepal. The festival falls around September-October, after the rice harvest. This festival is known for emphasis on family gatherings, as well as on a renewal of community ties. People will return from all parts of the world, as well as different parts of the country, to celebrate together.

The festival is a blend of Hindu Tantrik and animistic harvest festival traditions. On the first day, called Ghatasthapana, the "Dashain Ghar", or special workship room, is set up. This room is used to worship the astha-matrikas (the 8 tantrik goddesses) as well as the nava durgas (the 9 durga goddesses), to whom the festival is consecreated. Married women will say the mantras for the next fifteen days, and guard the goddesses. Barley is sowed in big earthern pots. These seeds will sprout in ten days. The sprouts, which symbolize a good harvest, will be decoratively placed on the heads of family members later on in the festival as a blessing.

On the seventh day, Fulpathi, the town of Gorkha sends an offering of flowers to the King of Nepal. A band associated with the army also plays its music and goes through the old core of Kathmandu.

The eighth day, Asthami, is the day of sacrifices. Goddess temples all over the Kathmandu Valley receive sacrifices- ranging from goats and buffaloes to ducks and chickens. Blood, symbolic for its fertility, is offered to the goddesses. This meat is taken home and cooked as "prasad", or food blest by divinity. This food is offered, in tiny leaf plates, to the household gods, then distributed amongst the family. Eating this food is thought to be auspicious.

The ninth day, Navami, is also used for sacrifices, and for visiting various temples. On the tenth day, "Dashami," a mixture of rice, yogurt and vermillion will be prepared by the women. This preparation is known as "tika". Elders put this on the foreheads of younger relatives to bless them with fertility and abundance in the upcoming year. The red also symbolizes the blood that ties the family together. Elders will give "dakshina", or a small amount of money, to younger relatives at this time. The tika continues for five days, during which time people also gather to play cards around massive amounts of food and drink.

In older days, Dashain was the only time of the year when people would buy a set of new clothing. Thus, it was highly anticipated by both children and older adults. In the twenty-first century, clothing is cheaply available, so this tradition of buying new clothes is still in existence, but doesn't have the same meaning as before. Likewise, in poorer families, the animal sacrifice was eagerly anticipated since it might be the only animal protein the family would eat all year. This, again, may be true in certain parts of Nepal where food is in low supply, but is less so in the cities. In general, the tradition of sacrifice is lessening with the easy availability of meat for daily consumption, and with the influences of Vaishnav Hindus (who are vegans) and Evangelical Christianity (who prohibit sacrifices).

In recent times, Dashain has become commercialized, with industries sponsoring events around the festival to sell goods.