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David Miscavige

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David Miscavige
David Miscavige
Born (1960-04-30) April 30, 1960 (age 64)
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
NationalityAmerican
TitleChairman of the Board, Religious Technology Center
SpouseMichelle "Shelly" Miscavige
Websitehttp://davidmiscavige.rtc.org

David Miscavige (/[invalid input: 'icon']ˌmɪsˈkævədʒ/ miss-KAV-edge;[1] born April 30, 1960) is the leader of the Church of Scientology and affiliated organizations. His title is Chairman of the Board of Religious Technology Center (RTC), a corporation that controls the trademarked names and symbols of Dianetics and Scientology.

Miscavige was an assistant to church founder L. Ron Hubbard (a "Commodore's messenger") while a teenager.[2] He rose to a leadership position by the early 1980s and was named Chairman of the Board of RTC in 1987.[3] Official church biographies describe Miscavige as "the ecclesiastical leader of the Scientology religion"[2][4][5] and celebrate his accomplishments, including obtaining recognition as a tax-favored charity by the US Internal Revenue Service, issuing restored and corrected editions of the works of L. Ron Hubbard and undertaking a program of new or remodeled churches and related facilities.

Since assuming his leadership position, Miscavige has been faced with press accounts alleging illegal and unethical practices, both personally and through his organizational management. These include reports of forced separation of family members, coercive fundraising practices, harassment of journalists and church critics, and humiliation of church staff members, including physical assaults upon them by Miscavige. [6][7] Miscavige and church spokespersons consistently deny these charges, often raising counter-charges that attack the credibility of the journalists and their sources.[8][9][10][6][7]

Early life

David Miscavige was born in 1960 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,[11] to the Roman Catholic Polish-Italian family of Ronald and Loretta Miscavige,[12] the youngest of their four children. David was raised in Willingboro Township, New Jersey.[5] As a child, he suffered from asthma and severe allergies. His father, a trumpet player, became interested in Scientology, and he sent David to see a Scientologist. According to both father and son, a 45-minute Dianetics session cured his ailments.

The family joined Scientology in 1971 and eventually moved to the church's world headquarters in Saint Hill Manor, England.[12] By the age of twelve, he was conducting Scientology auditing sessions.[5] The family returned to Philadelphia within a few years, where David attended a local high school.[12] On his sixteenth birthday (1976) he left high school with his father's permission to move to Clearwater, Florida, and joined the "Sea Organization" (or Sea Org), a "religious order" devoted to the advancement of Scientology, established in 1968 by L. Ron Hubbard.[12][13] Some of his earliest jobs in the Sea Org included delivering telexes, grounds-keeping, food service and taking photographs for Scientology brochures.[12]

Leadership in Scientology

In 1977, Miscavige worked directly under L. Ron Hubbard as a cameraman for Scientology training films, in La Quinta, California.[13] Hubbard appointed him to the Commodore's Messenger Organization (CMO), responsible for enforcing Hubbard's policies within the individual Scientology organizations; he became head of the CMO in 1979.[13] By 1980, Hubbard was no longer appearing at public functions related to Scientology, and by some accounts Miscavige took effective control of the organization at this time.[14] In 1981, he was placed in charge of the Watchdog Committee and the All Clear Unit, with the task of handling the various legal claims against Hubbard. After the Guardian's Office's criminal involvement in Operation Snow White, he persuaded Mary Sue Hubbard to resign from the Guardian's Office (GO), and purged several top GO officials through ethics proceedings.[15] The St. Petersburg Times, in a 1998 article "The Man Behind Scientology," says: "During two heated encounters, Miscavige persuaded Mary Sue Hubbard to resign. Together they composed a letter to Scientologists confirming her decision -- all without ever talking to L. Ron Hubbard."[12] She subsequently changed her mind, believing that she had been tricked.[16] Despite this, Miscavige claims he and Mary Sue Hubbard remained friends thereafter.[17]

In 1982, Miscavige set up a new organizational structure to release Hubbard from personal liability and to handle the Scientology founder's personal wealth through a corporate entity outside of the Scientology organization.[13] He established the Religious Technology Center, in charge of licensing Scientology's intellectual property, and Author Services Inc. to manage the proceeds.[15] Miscavige has held the title of Chairman of the Board of the Religious Technology Center since the organization's founding.[2] The Church of Spiritual Technology was created at the same time with an option to repurchase all of RTC's intellectual property rights.[15] In a 1982 probate case, Ronald DeWolf, Hubbard's estranged son, accused Miscavige of embezzling from and manipulating his father. Hubbard denied this in a written statement, saying that his business affairs were being well managed by Author Services Inc., of which Miscavige was the chairman of the board. In the same document L. Ron Hubbard called David Miscavige a "trusted associate" and "good friend" who had kept Hubbard's affairs in good order. A judge ruled the statement was authentic.[18] The case was dismissed on June 27, 1983.[17]

In October 1982, Miscavige required Scientology Missions to enter new trademark usage contracts which established stricter policies on the use of Scientology materials.[19][20] Over the two years following the formation of the RTC, Miscavige and his RTC team replaced most of Scientology's upper and middle management.[21] A number of those ousted attempted to establish breakaway organizations, such as the Advanced Ability Center led by David Mayo, a former RTC board member who had also been Hubbard's personal auditor.[21][22] The Advanced Ability Center closed in 1984, two years after opening.[21]

When L. Ron Hubbard died in 1986, Miscavige announced the death to Scientologists at the Hollywood Palladium.[23] Shortly before Hubbard's death, an apparent order from him circulated in the Sea Org that promoted Scientologist Pat Broeker and his wife to the new rank of Loyal Officer, making them the highest-ranking members; Miscavige asserted this order had been forged.[24] After Hubbard's death, Miscavige assumed the position of head of the Scientology organization.[25]

Negotiations with IRS

In 1991 Miscavige, together with Marty Rathbun, visited IRS headquarters to arrange a meeting with Commissioner Fred T. Goldberg, Jr.. For more than two decades, the IRS had refused to recognize Scientology as a nonprofit charitable organization, a status granted to most established religious organizations. Prior to this meeting, Scientology had filed more than fifty lawsuits against the IRS and, according to the New York Times, "Scientology's lawyers hired private investigators to dig into the private lives of I.R.S. officials and to conduct surveillance operations to uncover potential vulnerabilities... [and] taken documents from an I.R.S. conference and sent them to church officials and created a phony news bureau in Washington to gather information on church critics. The church also financed an organization of I.R.S. whistle-blowers that attacked the agency publicly."[26] At the meeting with Commissioner Goldberg, Miscavige offered to cease Scientology's suits against the I.R.S. in exchange for tax exemptions.[26] This led to a two-year negotiating process, in which IRS tax analysts were ordered to ignore the substantive issues because the issues had been resolved prior to review. Ultimately, the church was granted recognition as a nonprofit religious or charitable organization in the U.S., which creates a tax exemption for the Church of Scientology International and its organizations, and tax deductions for those who contribute to their programs.[5][26] Senior Scientology officials and the I.R.S later issued a statement that the ruling was based on a two-year inquiry and voluminous documents that showed the church was qualified for the exemptions.[26]

To announce the settlement with the IRS, Miscavige gathered a reported 10,000 members of Scientology in the Los Angeles Sports Arena, where he delivered a two-and-a-half-hour address and proclaimed, "The war is over!"[5][26] The crowd gave Miscavige an ovation that lasted more than ten minutes.[27]

Current role in Scientology

As Chairman of the Board of the Religious Technology Center, David Miscavige works primarily from Scientology's Gold Base near Hemet, California.[13][28][29] Scientologists often refer to him as "DM", or "C.O.B.", for chairman of the board.[19][30] In their 2007 book, Extraordinary Groups: An Examination of Unconventional Lifestyles, W. W. Zellner and Richard T. Schaefer noted that "David Miscavige has been the driving force behind the Church of Scientology for the past two decades" and that "Miscavige's biography and speeches are second only to Hubbard in dominating the official Scientology Web site. [...] He is acknowledged as the ultimate ecclesiastical authority regarding the standard and pure application of L. Ron Hubbard's religious theories."[5]

Miscavige is portrayed within Scientology as "a servant of Hubbard's message, not an agent in his own right."[31] Miscavige uses church publications as well as professionally produced videos of gala events, at which he acts as master of ceremonies, to communicate with Scientologists worldwide.[27]

Among Miscavige's initiatives is a long-term project of issuing unreleased and corrected editions of Hubbard's books and restoring L. Ron Hubbard lectures, including translating many works into other languages.

Miscavige initiated a strategy in 2003 to build new or revamped Churches of Scientology, called "Ideal Orgs", in every major city in the world. Since then, twenty-nine new or remodeled Churches have been opened including facilities in Madrid, New York, London, Berlin,[32] Mexico City,[33] Rome[34] and Washington, DC.[35] In 2012, David Miscavige also opened the Church of Scientology's "National Affairs Office" in Washington D.C., which he declared to be "An office designed to give back to a United States government that steadfastly guaranteed our religious rights, the very freedom that allows us to do what we are doing today."[36]

One of the largest projects of Miscavige's career is what is called the "Super Power Building" or the "Flag Mecca",[37] the largest of Scientology's properties in Clearwater, Florida. The 377,000 square foot structure[38] is reportedly outfitted with custom-built equipment designed to administer the perception-enhancing "Super Power Rundown" to high-level Scientologists.[39][40] The building was scheduled for completion in 2003, but has undergone years of delays and re-designs as the Church completed two other major construction and restoration projects in the same area ahead of it, the Fort Harrison Hotel and the Oak Cove.[41] An opening date has not yet been announced.[42]

Media coverage and criticism

Since assuming his leadership role, Miscavige has been faced with press accounts regarding alleged illegal and unethical practices of the Church of Scientology or by Miscavige himself. A 1991 Time magazine cover story on the church described Miscavige as "ringleader" of a "hugely profitable global racket that survives by intimidating members and critics in a Mafia-like manner."[4]

In 1998, the St Petersburg Times published "The man behind Scientology", a story based on six hours of interviews where Miscavige discusses Scientology. In this first-ever newspaper interview, Miscavige talks about his rise to leadership, creating peace and resolving conflicts, and Scientology in Clearwater. The reporters, Tom Tobin and Joe Childs, said of Miscavige that he was "not only the founder's protege and trusted aide, he is to Scientologists what the pope is to Catholics – a leader who sets the tone, establishes goals and ensures that Hubbard's practices and teachings are followed with precision."[43]

In 2009, the St. Petersburg Times published allegations by former high-ranking executives of Scientology that Miscavige routinely humiliates and physically beats his staff, and holds many members of top strata of the organization in confinement in degrading conditions in a group of double-wide trailers on the Scientology "Gold Base" property in Hemet, known as "The Hole." [6][28] This included testimony from Mike Rinder, former director of the organization's Office of Special Affairs who for years had been the official spokesperson for Scientology, and Mark Rathbun, the former Inspector General of the Religious Technology Center. Rinder attests that he was physically assaulted by Miscavige on about 50 occasions. [6]According to Rathbun, Miscavige is "constantly denigrating and beating on people."[6]

Similar charges have been reported in previous years.[44] In a 1995 interview for ITV, Stacy Young, Miscavige's former secretary and the ex-wife of Hubbard's former public relations spokesman, Robert Vaughn Young, had previously asserted that Miscavige emotionally tormented staff members on a regular basis. "His viciousness and his cruelty to staff was unlike anything that I had ever experienced in my life," she said. "He just loved to degrade the staff."[45] Jeff Hawkins, a former marketing guru for Scientology, claimed to have attended a meeting where Miscavige "jumped up on the conference room table, like with his feet right on the conference room table, launched himself across the table at me -- I was standing -- battered my face, and then shoved me down on the floor."[46] Church executive David Bloomberg confirmed that there was a physical confrontation during the meeting but stated that it was Hawkins who became belligerent and attacked Miscavige. In the confrontation Hawkins fell out of his chair and ended up putting a scissor lock on Miscavige's legs. Bloomberg stated "Mr. Miscavige did not touch Jeff Hawkins."[47]

Church representatives have consistently denied such accusations, insisting that the allegations come from apostates motivated by bitterness or attempting to extract money from the church.[6][48][49] An issue of the church's "Freedom" magazine was dedicated to praising Miscavige and attacking the "Truth Rundown" series, featuring articles titled "Merchants of Chaos: Journalistic Double-dealing at the St. Petersburg Times" and "The Bigotry Behind the Times’ Facade of Responsible Journalism."[50] Miscavige sent an open letter to the newspaper challenging the integrity of the reporters and labeling their sources as "lying" after the persons in question had been removed from the organization for "fundamental crimes against the Scientology religion."[9] The church also commissioned an independent review of the St. Petersburg Times's reporting, but have not, to date, released those findings.[51][51][51][52]

"Inside Scientology: The Truth Rundown" was recognized with journalistic honors, including the 2010 Gold Medal for Public Service award from the Florida Society of News Editors.[53][54][55][56] The series was cited as a basis for subsequent journalistic investigations, including a weeklong series hosted on the CNN network by Anderson Cooper.

Though he and the Scientology organization have been the subject of much press attention, Miscavige has rarely spoken directly to the press. Exceptions include a televised 1992 interview by Ted Koppel of ABC News,[1] a 1998 newspaper interview with the St. Petersburg Times,[57] and a 1998 appearance in an A&E Investigative Reports installment called "Inside Scientology."[58] When asked by Koppel about Scientology, Miscavige commented, "What we are trying to do in Scientology is take somebody from this higher level and move them up to a greater ability...Scientology is there to help the able become more able.”[59]

Family and personal life

Miscavige is married to fellow Sea Org member Michele Diane "Shelly" Miscavige, who has not been seen in public since 2006.[60][61] Multiple sources have alleged that she disappeared from Gold Base shortly after she "filled several job vacancies without her husband's permission." [62] Lawrence Wright reports that "former Sea Org members say she is being guarded at a church facility on Running Springs, California, near Lake Arrowhead." [63]In July 2012, responding to press accounts of speculation on Shelly Miscavige's whereabouts, two UK newspapers were informed by lawyers, indicating they represented Mrs. Miscavige, "that she is not missing and devotes her time to the work of the Church of Scientology."[64][65] However, the lawyers provided no evidence or specific information about Shelly Miscavige's location or condition.

David Miscavige's older brother Ronald Miscavige, Jr. was an executive in the Sea Organization for a time,[24] but left the Church of Scientology in 2000.[66] His sister, Denise Licciardi, was hired by major Scientology donor Bryan Zwan as a top executive for the Clearwater, Florida-based company Digital Lightwave, where she was linked to an accounting scandal.[67][68] Ronald's daughter Jenna Miscavige Hill, niece of David Miscavige, remained in the Sea Org until 2005. She has since become an outspoken critic of the Scientology organization, publishing a book about her experience of Scientology in 2013. [69] In the book, titled Beyond Belief: My Secret Life Inside Scientology And My Harrowing Escape, she confirmed that her grandfather Ronald Miscavige Sr. left the church in 2012 and is living with Ronald Jr. in Virginia.[70]

Miscavige is very close to actor Tom Cruise,[10] and served as best man at Cruise's wedding to Katie Holmes.[71]

Miscavige is a firearms enthusiast who enjoys skeet shooting.[10] In the 1998 St. Petersburg Times interview he named playing the piano, underwater photography and trail biking among his other hobbies.[27]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Koppel, Ted (February 14, 1992). "David Miscavige interview". Nightline. ABC News. Retrieved 2010-10-12. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  2. ^ a b c Christensen, Dorthe Refund (2004). "Inventing L. Ron Hubbard". In James R. Lewis (scholar) (ed.). Controversial New Religions. Oxford University Press. p. 247. ISBN 0-19-515683-8.
  3. ^ Young, Robert Vaughn (November/December 1993). "Scientology from inside out". Quill magazine. 81 (9). {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  4. ^ a b Behar, Richard (May 6, 1991). "The Thriving Cult of Greed and Power". Time. Time, Inc. Retrieved 2010-10-12.
  5. ^ a b c d e f Zellner, William W. (2007). "David Miscavige". In William W. Zellner (ed.). Extraordinary Groups: An Examination of Unconventional Lifestyles (8th ed.). Worth Publishers. pp. 285–286. ISBN 0-7167-7034-2. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  6. ^ a b c d e f Joe Childs, Thomas C. Tobin (June 23, 2009). "The Truth Run Down". St Petersburg Times. Retrieved 2009-06-23.
  7. ^ a b Joe Childs, Thomas C. Tobin (June 23, 2009). "Inside Scientology: A Times Investigation". St Petersburg Times. Retrieved 2012-01-21.
  8. ^ "Ex-members spar with Scientology over beating allegations". CNN. March 30, 2010.
  9. ^ a b Joe Childs, Thomas C. Tobin (June 23, 2009). "A letter from David Miscavige". St Petersburg Times. Retrieved June 23, 2009.
  10. ^ a b c Hoffman, Claire (December 18, 2005). "Tom Cruise and Scientology". Los Angeles Times. www.latimes.com. Retrieved 2010-10-12.
  11. ^ Jacob Neusner (2009). World Religions in America: An Introduction. Westminster John Knox Press. pp. 293, 298. ISBN 0-664-23320-1.
  12. ^ a b c d e f Thomas C. Tobin (October 25, 1998). "The man behind Scientology, part 2". St. Petersburg Times. Retrieved August 27, 2007.
  13. ^ a b c d e Times Staff Writer (June 20, 2009). "David Miscavige bio, and bios of Scientology officials who defected". St. Petersburg Times. www.tampabay.com. Retrieved 2010-10-12.
  14. ^ Chryssides, George D. (2006). The A to Z of New Religious Movements. The Scarecrow Press, Inc. p. 163. ISBN 0-8108-5588-7.
  15. ^ a b c Lamont, Stewart (1986). Religion Inc.: The Church of Scientology. London: Harrap. p. 95. ISBN 0-245-54334-1.
  16. ^ Atack, Jon (1990). A Piece of Blue Sky. New York, NY: Carol Publishing Group. pp. 266–7. ISBN 0-8184-0499-X.
  17. ^ a b Miller, Russell (1987). Bare-faced Messiah, The True Story of L. Ron Hubbard (First American ed.). New York: Henry Holt & Co. pp. 305–306, 369. ISBN 0-8050-0654-0.
  18. ^ "The man behind Scientology". Retrieved 2011-05-13.
  19. ^ a b Sappell, Joel (June 24, 1990). "The Man In Control". Los Angeles Times. p. A41:4. Retrieved 2006-06-06. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  20. ^ "Mystery of the Vanished Ruler". Time. January 31, 1983. Retrieved August 10, 2007.
  21. ^ a b c Nordhausen, Frank; von Billerbeck, Liane (2008). Scientology. Wie der Sektenkonzern die Welt erobern will. Berlin: Ch. Links Verlag. pp. 278, 288, 302. ISBN 978-3-86153-470-9Template:Inconsistent citations{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link) Template:De icon Cite error: The named reference "Nordhausen" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  22. ^ Abgrall, Jean-Marie (1999). Soul Snatchers: The Mechanics of Cults. Algora Publishing. p. 294. ISBN 978-1-892941-04-6.
  23. ^ American Society of Magazine Editors (2007). The Best American Magazine Writing 2007. Columbia University Press. pp. 311, 323. ISBN 0-231-14391-5. {{cite book}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  24. ^ a b Atack, Jon (1990). "Chapter Four—The Young Rulers". A Piece of Blue Sky. Lyle Stuart. pp. 362, 448. ISBN 0-8184-0499-X.
  25. ^ Gallagher, Eugene V. (2006). Introduction to New and Alternative Religions in America. Greenwood. pp. 98, 120, 173. ISBN 0-275-98717-5. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  26. ^ a b c d e Frantz, Douglas (March 9, 1997). "Scientology's Puzzling Journey From Tax Rebel to Tax Exempt". The New York Times. New York Times Company. Retrieved January 22, 2008. Cite error: The named reference "query.nytimes" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  27. ^ a b c Tobin, Thomas C. (October 25, 1998). "The man behind Scientology, part 4". St. Petersburg Times. Retrieved August 27, 2007.
  28. ^ a b Reitman, Janet (March 9, 2006). "Inside Scientology". Rolling Stone (995). www.rollingstone.com: 57. Retrieved 2010-10-12. {{cite journal}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  29. ^ Streeter, Michael (2008). Behind Closed Doors. New Holland Publishers (UK) Ltd. p. 230. ISBN 1-84537-937-3.
  30. ^ Frenschkowski, Marco (2010-01-01). "Researching Scientology: Some Observations on Recent Literature, English and German". Alternative Spirituality and Religion Review. 1 (1). Academic Publishing: 36–37. ISSN 1946-0538. Retrieved 2011-01-13. {{cite journal}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  31. ^ Lewis, James R. (2007). The Invention of Sacred Tradition. Cambridge University Press. p. 36. ISBN 0-521-86479-8. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  32. ^ "'Church' that yearns for respectability". Retrieved 2011-04-27.
  33. ^ "Scientology Opens New National Organization for Mexico in The City Of Palaces". Retrieved 2011-04-27.
  34. ^ "Scoop: Scientologists not anti-gay, official says - Entertainment - The Scoop - TODAY.com". Today.msnbc.msn.com. Retrieved 2012-08-15.
  35. ^ "Founding Church of Scientology, Washington D.C., Ribbon Cutting". YouTube. Retrieved 2012-08-15.
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  37. ^ Stacy, Mitch (2007-09-23). "Fla. town comes to terms with status as Scientology mecca". Usatoday.Com. Retrieved 2012-08-15.
  38. ^ Eric Goldschein (2012-01-12). "The Scientology Building Where Members Will Receive 'Infinite Power' Is Finally About To Open - Business Insider". Articles.businessinsider.com. Retrieved 2012-08-15.
  39. ^ Farley, Robert (2006-06-06). "Scientology nearly ready to unveil Super Power". St. Petersburg Times.
  40. ^ "Cornerstone Newsletter", Church of Scientology Religious Trust, undated but published 2007
  41. ^ Join the discussion: Click to view comments, add yours. "Scientology church gives Clearwater's Fort Harrison Hotel a $40M makeover - Tampa Bay Times". Tampabay.com. Retrieved 2012-08-15.
  42. ^ Join the discussion: Click to view comments, add yours (2011-06-10). "Will Clearwater press Scientology to pay $450,000 fine in full? - Tampa Bay Times". Tampabay.com. Retrieved 2012-08-15.
  43. ^ "St. Petersburg Times: The man behind Scientology". Sptimes.com. 1998-10-25. Retrieved 2012-08-15.
  44. ^ Davis, Matt (August 7, 2008). "Selling Scientology: A Former Scientologist Marketing Guru Turns Against the Church". Retrieved August 10, 2008.
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  46. ^ [1], CNN, 30 March 2010
  47. ^ Tobin, Thomas; Childs, Joe (June 23, 2009). "Scientology: Ecclesiastical Justice, Part 3 of 3 in a special report on the Church of Scientology". Retrieved December 11, 2011.
  48. ^ "The man behind Scientology". Retrieved 2011-04-09.
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  50. ^ no author credited (no date, 2009). "Special Report: Inside the S.P. Times". Freedom Magazine. {{cite news}}: |last= has generic name (help); Check date values in: |date= (help)
  51. ^ a b c Finn, Scott (February 25, 2010). "Scientology Hires Reporters to Investigate St. Petersburg Times". WUSF Public Media. Retrieved 2010-10-18.
  52. ^ Urban, Hugh B. (March 17, 2010). "The Rundown Truth: Scientology Changes Strategy in War with Media". Religion Dispatches. Retrieved 2010-10-18.
  53. ^ Sentinel Staff Report (June 18, 2010). "Orlando Sentinel wins 17 awards from Florida Society of News Editors". Orlando Sentinel. Florida: www.orlandosentinel.com. Retrieved 2010-06-18.
  54. ^ Florida Society of News Editors (June 18, 2010). "FSNE Gold Medal for Public Service". FSNE 2010 Journalism Awards. Florida: fsne.org. Retrieved 2010-06-18. Inside Scientology - The St. Petersburg Times reporting on the Church of Scientology is in the finest traditions of American journalism. The reporting by Joseph Childs and Thomas Tobin stands out for the ways in which it held accountable the powerful. {{cite news}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  55. ^ "Winners of 76th Annual National Headliner Awards". The New York Times. The New York Times Company. March 24, 2010. Retrieved 2010-03-25. [dead link‍]
  56. ^ "Print Division - Daily Newspapers and News Syndicates - Writing & Reporting". National Headliner Awards. www.nationalheadlinerawards.com. Retrieved 2010-03-25.
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  60. ^ Scientology Leader David Miscavige's Wife Has Been Missing Since 2006, Business Insider
  61. ^ Scientology Leader David Miscavige's Disappeared Wife Shelly: What We Know, The Village Voice, Runnin scared
  62. ^ Lawrence Wright. The Apostate: Paul Haggis Vs. the Church of Scientology The New Yorker. February 14, 2011. Quote "According to Rinder and Brousseau, in June, 2006, while Miscavige was away from the Gold Base, his wife, Shelly, filled several job vacancies without her husband's permission. Soon afterward, she disappeared. Her current status is unknown. Tommy Davis told me, 'I definitely know where she is,' but he won’t disclose where that is."
  63. ^ Wright, Lawrence, "Going Clear: Scientology, Hollywood and the Prison of Belief,: New York: Knopf, 2013
  64. ^ 10:00PM BST 31 Jul 2012 (2012-07-31). "Mrs Shelly Miscavige". Telegraph. Retrieved 2012-09-19.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  65. ^ "Clarifications & corrections | Mail Online". Dailymail.co.uk. 2012-08-21. Retrieved 2012-09-19.
  66. ^ Jacobsen, Jonny (January 28, 2008). "Niece of Scientology's leader backs Cruise biography". Google News. Agence France-Presse. Retrieved March 11, 2008.
  67. ^ O'Neil, Deborah (June 2, 2002). "The CEO and his church: Months of interviews and thousands of pages of court papers show the effect that influential church members had on a Clearwater company that was a darling of the dot-com boom". St. Petersburg Times. St. Petersburg Times. Retrieved 2010-10-12. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  68. ^ Harrington, Jeff (May 10, 2003). "Digital Whistleblower Finally Wins". St. Petersburg Times. St. Petersburg Times. Retrieved 2011-06-11.
  69. ^ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jenna_Miscavige_Hill
  70. ^ Childs, Joe, and Tobin, Thomas C. (2013, February 9). Niece of Scientology leader describes rocky youth in church. The St. Petersburg Times.
  71. ^ "John Sweeney revisits the Church of Scientology". BBC News. BBC. September 26, 2010. Retrieved 2010-10-15.

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