Red złoty
Red złoty (Template:Lang-pl) refers to circulating gold coins (also known as Polish ducats or florins) minted in the Kingdom of Poland (later, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth)[1][2] from 1526 to 1831.
Whereas złoty means simply gold in Polish, czerwony (red) was used to refer to the real gold coins.[2][3]
Background
Earliest Polish gold coinage dates to 14th century (1320s and 1330s) and the reign of Władysław I the Elbow-high; no more gold coins were minted in Poland till the late 15th century and the reign of Alexander Jagiellon.[2] The red złoty was different from the Polish złoty proper, which was the money of account adopted during Alexander's reign in 1496.[1] To combat the confusion and inflation resulting in different coinage used in the Kingdom of Poland, Sigismund I the Old around 1526-1528 introduced further monetary reform, which also saw the introduction of the red złoty, with the introduction of the Złoty system.[2][4] From 1528 the new coinage was used in Prussia, and in 1569 (following the Union of Lublin and the formation of the Commonwealth), in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.[4] The last Polish red złoties were the so-called "insurgent ducats" minted in the Warsaw mint in 1831, on the eve of the November Uprising.[2][5]
Mint and value
The red złoty was minted at 3.5 grams of gold.[4] There was also a silver złoty, worth 23.1 grams of silver.[4] A monetary scale was introduced in which 1 złoty = 5 szostaki = 10 trojaki = 30 groszy = 90 szlągi = 180 ternarii = 540 denarii.[4]
The value of one red złoty in terms of accounting złotys varied, usually increasing with inflation; for example, in the 16th century the red złoty's value rose from the initial 30 grosze to almost twice that in just a few decades;[6] in the mid-17th century it was worth six accounting Polish złoties (180 groszy),[7] while in late 18th century, one red złoty was worth about 18 Polish accounting złotys (or 540 groszy).[8][9]
See also
References
- ^ a b Robert I. Frost (11 March 2004). After the Deluge: Poland-Lithuania and the Second Northern War, 1655-1660. Cambridge University Press. p. 16. ISBN 978-0-521-54402-3. Retrieved 14 March 2013.
- ^ a b c d e Zygmunt Gloger, Encyklopedia staropolska, Dukat, 1900—1903
- ^ Słownik języka polskiego: A-F. W. drukarni XX. Piiarów. 1807. p. 365. Retrieved 14 March 2013.
- ^ a b c d e Norman Davies (24 February 2005). God's Playground A History of Poland: Volume 1: The Origins to 1795. Oxford University Press. pp. 103–104. ISBN 978-0-19-925339-5. Retrieved 14 March 2013.
- ^ "Dukat powstańczy 1831 – kilka słów o pięknej monecie…". Gazeta Kolekcjonera. Retrieved 2013-03-14.
- ^ Jerzy Samuel Bandtkie (1835). Dzieje narodu polskiego. U Wilhelma Bogumiła Korna. p. 6. Retrieved 14 March 2013.
- ^ Peter Paul Bajer (2 March 2012). Scots in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, 16th to 18th Centuries: The Formation and Disappearance of an Ethnic Group. BRILL. p. 28. ISBN 978-90-04-21247-3. Retrieved 14 March 2013.
- ^ Laurence Senelick (25 January 1991). National Theatre in Northern and Eastern Europe, 1746-1900. Cambridge University Press. p. 191. ISBN 978-0-521-24446-6. Retrieved 14 March 2013.
- ^ Edward Dąbrowa (ed.). Scripta Judaica Cracoviensia, vol. 9. Wydawnictwo UJ. p. 57. ISBN 978-83-233-3272-5. Retrieved 14 March 2013.
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External links
- Grzegorz Wójtowicz, The Origin and History of the Polish Money. Part I, Bank i Kredyt, listopad-grudzien 2006