Aegidienberg
Aegidienberg | |
|---|---|
District of Bad Honnef | |
 Coat of arms | |
Location of Aegidienberg  | |
| Country | Germany |
| State | North Rhine-Westphalia |
| District | Rhein-Sieg-Kreis |
| Town | Bad Honnef |
| Area | |
• Total | 18.96 km2 (7.32 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 287 m (942 ft) |
| Population (2013-01-01) | |
• Total | 7,089 |
| • Density | 370/km2 (970/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| Postal codes | 53604 |
| Dialling codes | 02224 |
Aegidienberg is a district of Bad Honnef in the Rhein-Sieg-Kreis, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It consists of thirteen villages and is located east of the Siebengebirge range in the Niederwesterwald foothills. Until 1969, Aegidienberg was an independent municipality in the former district of Sieg. The name refers to Saint Aegidius, the patron saint of the local Catholic parish church; until the 16th century, the locality was known as Hunferode or Honnefer Rott.[1] Population: 7089 (2013).[2]
Geography
The district of Aegidienberg encompasses the parts of Bad Honnef located east of the Honnef urban forest, in other words east of the Siebengebirge. In geographic terms, the area forms part of the Asbach plateau in the foothills of the Niederwesterwald. The various parts of the district are distributed across hills which all lie within the broader boundary of the Siebengebirge Nature Park. The Siebengebirge itself, with its peaks up to 400 metres (1,300 ft) in height, separates Aegidienberg from Bad Honnef, which is about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) away in the Rhine Valley. Aegidienberg is located at an average altitude approximately 200 metres (660 ft) above Bad Honnef. The two are linked by Landesstraße 144 through the 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) long Schmelz Valley.
Within Aegidienberg are two small lakes, Lake Himberg (Himberger See) in the West and Lake Dachsberg (Dachsberger See) in the East. Both are former basalt quarries, which were worked until after the Second World War. Two streams which are sources of the Pleisbach, the Logebach and the Quirrenbach, rise in the area and run through it. The Kochenbach is a tributary of the Quirrenbach. Amongst the hills within the district of Aegidienberg are the Himberg (335.2 metres (1,100 ft)), the Hupperichsberg (307.6 metres (1,009 ft)[3]), the Markhövel (also called the Romert; 304.3 metres (998 ft)) and the Dachsberg (360.7 metres (1,183 ft)[4])—the last being the highest point in the district. The main village of Aegidienberg, on the eponymous hill, is at 287 metres (942 ft) altitude. Within the district are two contiguous forest areas, the Aegidienberg Forest (Aegidienberger Wald) to the East and the Vogelsbitze to the West of the autobahn. At the eastern extremity of the district, part of the Eudenbach gliding area and nature reserve lies within Aegidienberg.
The District of Aegidienberg includes 13 localities: Aegidienberg (Kirchdorf), Brüngsberg, Efferoth, Himberg, Höhe, Hövel, Neichen, Orscheid, Retscheid, Rottbitze, Siefenhoven, Wintersberg and Wülscheid. The Rottlandhof farm is within the municipality of Rheinbreitbach, but portions of it lie within the territory of Aegidienberg and thus of Bad Honnefer. The district is bordered to the North-West by Ittenbach and to the North and North-East by the Oberhau, both sections of the city of Königswinter, and to the East and South by Windhagen and Rheinbreitbach, both of which are in Rhineland-Palatinate.
History
Governance and economy since the early Middle Ages
A 948 charter of Archbishop Wigfried of Cologne established the territorial boundaries of the priory of Oberpleis and included within it what is now the district of Aegidienberg. These boundaries have persisted to the present day as town boundaries and to the South and East, district and state boundaries. There is no information for that time about habitation; it is thought that there were isolated farms and charcoal-making operations in the area. Settlement by people from Bad Honnefer, implied by the first recorded placename in the area, Hunferode, can only refer to the villages of Himberg, Hövel and Siefenhoven, at the bottom of the Schmelz Valley. In view of the marginal agricultural value of the loamy soil, the origins of the inhabited areas in the remainder of today's Aegidienberg, particularly in the East, probably lie in settlement via the valley of the Pleisbach or the roads through the hills.
Until the extinction of the line around 970, the Counts of the Auelgau exercised secular overlordship in the area. They were succeeded by the Counts Palatine of the Rhine. After the construction of Löwenburg castle in the second half of the 12th century, the area came under its control and from 1484 to 1808 formed part of the Amt Löwenburg, a fief of the County of Berg.[5]
The first recorded mention, which may refer only to the village of Aegidienberg, later known as an der Kirche (at the church), is dated 6 January 1345 and is of Hunferode.[1][6] This is followed by a mention of Hunferoyde dated 5 January 1349.[7][8] The name Aegidienberg is presumed to have displaced this name since the 16th century. St. Giles, known in Germany as Aegidius, was venerated beginning at the end of the Middle Ages as one of the Fourteen Holy Helpers and as a patron saint of livestock.[9]
A 1506 charter, von wegen der bergischen Pastoreyen, mentions a priest called "Hermannus" whose church was located where the Chapel of St. Servatius now stands, near Himberg. According to the Erkundigungsbuch des Fürstentums Berg, "Gilienberg" had the status of a separate parish since the introduction of the new Jülich-Berg court system in 1555. Under this new arrangement, Aegidienberg lost the independent court with seven lay judges which it had previously had, instead sending two judges to the newly formed court at Honnef (from 1745 on, only one). By the mid-18th century at the latest, eight local jurisdictions (known in the Rhineland as Honschaften) had developed, which lasted until the dissolution of the Duchy of Berg in 1806: Brüngsberg, Himberg, Höhe, Hövel, Orscheid, Retscheid, Siefenhoven and Wülscheid.[10]
The inhabitants worked the poor clayey soil of Aegidienberg either as smallholders or as tenant farmers. Before the invention of artificial fertilisers, the fields were good for almost nothing except the cultivation of barley and oats, which were the staple foods of the local people in the Middle Ages. Livestock cultivation was later added, and at the beginning of the modern age, the local diet was enriched with potatoes, which gave the community their speciality, Rievkooche (Reibekuchen - potato pancakes), which to this day are an indispensible part of any public event.
The inhabitants shared rights to the woodland of the "Honnefer Mark" between Aegidienberg and Bad Honnef, now called the Honnef urban forest, including among other things the rights to let their pigs forage for mast, to gather wood for fuel and fencing, and to use fallen twigs for animal bedding. Woodland farmers had sticks available to them for their animals, but only the nobility had the right to cut timber.[11] Furthermore, Aegidienberg had fixed obligations under the tithe system of the Amt Löwenburg: 120, later 200, malters of oats had to be paid to various officials. The residents also had to cut the wood for the Löwenburg gallows, which stood in the area of what is now Lohfelder Straße in Honnef, maintain it, and mow the grass at the castle farm. By the end of the 15th century at the latest, the people of Aegidienberg were required to grind all their corn at the Quirrenbach mill, which was located within the parish.[10][12]
Since the Middle Ages, base metal ores were mined in the area of the Siebengebirge, mainly for the production of copper, zinc and lead. In addition to the work in the mines themselves, the constant need of mines on charcoal caused for the operation of numerous Köhlereien in the area. In the village of Neichen the copper mine "Gotteshilfe" was, in Brüngsberg the pits "Flora", "Zacharias" and "Emma-Sofie", where zinc and copper ore was broken until the spring of 1906. The heaps of mines are still on the side of the Logebachtal. With the fall in base metal prices occurred in 1875 gradually the closure of the mines in the Siebengebirge mountains region.
Basalt is broken in the surrounding area to this day. The basalt quarries at the Dachsberg and the Himberg were connected to the railway network of the Bröltalbahn, which far branches to Asbach, Bonn-Beuel, Siegburg and Waldbröl was enough. The flight stage operation was financed by the quarry operators for the Basalttransport. Access to passenger transport was discussed at various times in the Municipal Council but never realised. The Aegidienberger pits are still around since the 1960s and now serve as lakes and near-recovery objectives, how many other quarries in the area also.
Prussian time / Germany
With the end of the French occupation under Napoleon I. the Duchy of Berg was merged to 1822 the Prussian Rhine Province, and Aegidenberg with Honnef, Königswinter and Ittenbach from 1816 to the new "Bürgermeisterei Königswinter". On 1 July 1846, Aegidienberg received a Municipal Council, which replaced the local councillor existing from Schöffen. After 1862 Honnef and 1889 Königswinter as independent municipalities subject own administrations, the municipality of Aegidienberg remained Königswinter-Land, which was renamed in 1927 "Amt Königswinter-Land" and existed until 1969 together with the municipality of Ittenbach in the "Bürgermeisterei".
- Municipality of Aegidienberg
The municipality of Aegidienberg, after former spelling until 1888 also Egidienberg or Aegidienberg, then merely Aegidienberg or (officially recommended) called Aegidienberg, 13 residential places with 366 houses (including uninhabited), 327 households belonged in 1885. The villages belonging to Aegidienberg were Brüngsberg (135 inhabitants), Efferoth (13), Himberg (162), Höhe (47), Hövel (285), Neichen (60), Orscheid (203), Retscheid (44), Rottbitze (97), Siefenhoven (108), Wintersberg (22) and Wüllscheid (255). The municipality of Aegidienberg had 1885 a total 1528 inhabitants, of which 751 males and 777 females. The municipality was on its own Catholic with 1523 believers, there were five Evangelical Christians who were maintained by the parish of Honnef.[13] In 1862 roads of the present-day state road 247 emerged after Wülscheid and Orscheid.
In 1885, the municipality had 1896 hectares, of which 690 ha farmland, 171 ha of meadows and 925 hectares of woodland.[13] With Honnef joined the community was been already in 1855 on a country road (now State Road 144), which initiated[14] and of Himberg about Asbach Flammersfeld, and later up to Altenkirchen, led by Raiffeisen.[15]
After the idea of Friedrich Wilhelm Raiffeisen about 50 citizens founded the "Aegidienberger Spar- und Darlehenskassenverein" on the 10 January 1898. The cooperative has enabled the expansion of the water distribution network starting in 1902 and supported the automobile society, the aim of which was to build a bus connection to Bad Honnef and Königswinter in 1908.
Probably playing children started a major fire in the village of Orscheid, who destroyed 13 buildings on the Whit Sunday, 12 June 1905. The first Gymnastics Club "Germania" was founded in 1912.
At the beginning of World War I, 1914 all teachers to military service were drafted under the other. Many events were held to promote war bonds. The "Darlehenskassenverein" lost reserves totalling 13,000 reichsmarks to the war bonds. The longer the war lasted all the more urgent were needed raw materials, especially the children had to collect. Paper, Glass and foil, and large quantities of leaf hay for the horses for war. The foliage has been plucked from trees and fresh or gedörrt delivered to the Assembly point to Siegburg. The Dörre took place in all possible places in the households. Copper fittings and all imaginable metal objects from the households were requisitioned in numerous metal collections, even the church bells have been processed in the arms industry.
In November 1923, violent armed conflicts took place in Himberg and Hövel with casualties who were with the events of the Rhenish Republic related. A monument in Hövel and tombs in the cemetery are reminiscent of the uprising in the Siebengebirge mountains region.
Local craft was established the monastery of St. Josef in which the "Franciscan Sisters of Saint Joseph" in 1926 various charitable institutions maintained since its inauguration starting in 1925, including a children's home or the "Train of virgins" in domestic skills.
Third Reich / World War II
Starting in 1937, the construction of the Reichsautobahn (now Bundesautobahn 3) changed the face of the environment considerably. The surveying and construction of the first four-lane motorway in the area took place over several years and it opened in September 1939. Loss of land to the motorway rendered many local farms no longer profitable, in addition to which many landowners were left with small and scattered holdings. Land consolidation was begun but could not be completed because of World War II.
The Nazis employed approximately 600 Soviet prisoners of war as forced laborers in the local basalt quarries. As the war drew to a close, shortly before the the arrival of the advancing U.S. forces, these people were rounded up in the Giershausen hall and transported further into the interior of Germany. At the end of the war, fierce fighting took place in the area. After the Americans had crossed the Rhine at Remagen on 7 March 1945, Aegidienberg came under heavy American artillery fire on the following days. German forces had dug in here and in turn were heavily shelling the area around Remagen. On 13 March, especially, numerous soldiers died on both sides. Unusually, a short cease-fire was agreed so that the dead could be recovered.
On 16 March the centre of Aegidienberg came under heavy fire and 11 civilians died in the ruins of the convent. The nuns had been denied permission to hoist a white flag with a red cross in order to protect themselves and the approximately 60 children and refugees who were with them there. In addition, there was still a radio vehicle located as a command post in the monastery courtyard, which drew enemy fire like a magnet. That afternoon, carpet bombing of the main part of the settlement by the U.S. Air Force was averted at the last moment through negotiations, and approximately 150 German soldiers surrendered, while others decided to fight on.
After its occupation by American forces on 17 March, Aegidienberg was then subjected by German artillery to several days of so-called and intended "destruction fire". Panzer Brigade 106 "Feldherrnhalle" and scattered elements of other units were dug in at Orscheid and Wülscheid and shelled every population centre between Brüngsberg and Rottbitze. Severe damage and in some cases total destruction of all public buildings and a large number of residences and businesses resulted.
In Aegidienberg, the fighting was over on 1 April, Easter Sunday. In Orscheid, Wülscheid and Rottbitze, fighting continued for several more days, with the military situation changing several times.[16] Traces of the fighting are still to be seen in the area. There are many craters in the surrounding woods made by U.S. shells of all calibres, plus at Wülscheid one made by the explosion when a German munitions cart was blown up on 10 March 1945 during the retreat.
Since the end of the war
In the first years after the war, robberies occurred in the area that caused several deaths and have never been explained. Not until the early 1950s were all the war dead identified and disposed of in a dignified manner. The American dead were transported back to the United States. The remainder were buried in the soldiers' cemetery at Ittenbach. Approximately 40 of the dead could not be identified.[17] War damage to buildings was temporarily repaired. The school was only reopened, with the permission of the Allied occupation authorities, in 1946. The Catholic church was repaired in stages which lasted into the 1960s. Large amounts of unexploded ordinance in the area constituted a serious danger to life for many years, and there were occasional accidents resulting in injury and death.
The land consolidation project has become urgent in 1937 was continued in 1948 and completed in 1953. About 13,000 agricultural parcels have been combined to about 1,600. The merger was 2.345 acres field, grassland, forest, water, way and became on Aegidienberger and small parts of Oberpleiser district. in 1955 the then district road opened of Aegidienberg after Ittenbach . In the same year, the inauguration of a new Chapel at the foot of Dachsberg took place. The new Evangelical Church in the village was consecrated on 4 February 1961, since then called Church of peace.
The Sports Club "TTV Aegidienberg", which however already was disbanded in 1952 due to financial reasons was formed shortly after the war. Finally, which was then in the spring of 1958 "Fußballverein Sportfreunde Aegidienberg 1958" launched, which now has other sporting departments in addition to several football teams.
The murderer of Dieter Freese, according to the press, the "most wanted criminals of the Federal Republic" found shelter in a disused cottage of Cologne industrial Oberreuther, which stood in Hövel in the winter of 1962, for a short time. Later he hid in the Königswinter Ofenkaulen.
Law to the community reorganisation of space Bonn (Bonn law) of 10 June 1969 Aegidienberg, Bad Honnef, was incorporated on 1 August 1969 in the city.[18] Before a merger of Aegidienbergs was contemplated Ittenbach, Heisterbacherrott, Oberpleis and Stieldorf with the mountain communities.[19]
On the A 3 in Hövel, the Gladbecker hostage crisis took place his violent end on 18 August 1988.
Former coat of arms
The design of the municipal coat of arms was suggested at the beginning of the 1960s Selhofer teachers and Heimatkundler Franz Hermann Kemp and finally at the Euskirchener graphic designer Konrad Schäfer according to heraldic rules.
The coat of arms shows three green mountains of the Siebengebirge, Löwenburg, Lohrberg, and Großer Ölberg the bottom pane. On the Middle mountain the Red silver is plaid coat of arms of the Office of Löwenburg Aegidienberg belonged to its judicial and administrative framework, as long as the Office was. Above Aegidienbergs is shown, the Romanesque Tower of St. Giles Church silver on a red background. On 4 November 1963 the coat of arms was meeting officially recognized by the Council on its 44., today you can see it at local clubs.
Population growth
Aegidienberg grew rapidly after the Second World War. About half of population growth in Bad Honnef after 1969 accounted Aegidienberg. Aegidienberg has lost its autonomous status by the merger, only the entire town's population is determined by the State Office for data processing and statistics NRW; the following are the population at different dates::[20]
| Key date | Inhabitants |
|---|---|
| 1828 | 1.010 |
| 1843 | 1.341 |
| 1858 | 1.445 |
| 1871 | 1.476 |
| 1905 | 1.488 |
| 01.09.1933 | 1.379 |
| 14.08.1963 | 2.890 |
| 1970[21] | 3.680 |
| 01.01.2002 | 6.673 |
| 01.04.2007 | 6.850 |
Economy and infrastructure
The district is crossed by A 3 to a length of 5240 meters. The interchange Bad Honnef/Linz, who founded the very good transport infrastructure in the municipality is located in the East of Aegidienbergs. Particularly in the outlying Rottbitze, this led in 2000 to large commercial and industrial businesses in the Vogelsbitze/Zilskreuz. More industrial estates at Dachsberg and to the Heideweg is located in the planning. Also Rottbitze a second Versorgunszentrum in 2005 including a hardware store, several discount stores and gas stations.
The route of the end of 2002 opened ICE high-speed rail line Cologne Rhine/Main leads along the A 3 with three tunnels and two bridges over the city. Is the Logebachtal with a 173 metre bridge crosses, crosses the central area of Aegidienbergs in the 1,240 m long Aegidienbergtunnel and the Kochenbachtal spanned by a 150 m long bridge. The 990 m long Rottbitzetunnel is located south of the city limits. The section unit the mountain of the municipal area Kluse was subsequently turned into a 200 m long tunnel. The next ICE-station (Siegburg/Bonn) is located in the town of Siegburg.
The Schmelztalstraße (L 144) is connected with the valley area of Bad Honnefs. Much of the traffic on this road is through traffic to the A 3.
The municipality has its own brand, the Jillienberger. Aegidienberg is a breed of horsethat is bred by the local Stud Feldmann. The Aegidienberger is one of the speed horsessuch as the there bred Iceland horses.
Public bodies
Despite the incorporation to Bad Honnef Aegidienberg has retained a certain independence. Due to the relatively large distance to the city centre in the Valley area, a branch of the city housed a Community Office and the District Committee exists on the Aegidiusplatz in the village centre. Also a so-called "Anlaufstelle" (voice Office) of Bonn main is located in the same building.
In addition to the five kindergartens distributed in Aegidienberg, a primary school is located in Aegidienberg. The educational infrastructure is but diminished by the absence of a secondary school. Plans to set up a school for the entire mountain range of the Siebengebirge failed yet to extensions of the educational establishments in the Valley area.
Personalities
- Franz Linnig (1832–1912), Provincial Council and textbook author
- Josef Müller (* 1875 in Aegidienberg), scholar and editor of the Rheinisches Wörterbuch
- Carlo Schmid (1896–1979), SPDpolitician, lived many years in Aegidienberg
- Heinz G. Konsalik (1921–1999), lived many years in Aegidienberg
Literature
- Karl Gast: Aegidienberg im Wandel der Zeiten. Edited by the author in collaboration with the municipality of Aegidienberg, Aegidienberg 1964.
- Wolfgang Wegener: Von der glücklichen Elise bis zur Gotteshilfe. In: Archäologie im Rheinland, 1992, page 159ff., Rheinland Verlag, Köln 1993 ISBN 3-7927-1384-5
- Wilhelm W. Hamacher: Von "Hunferode" bis "Aegidienberg", Bad Honnef, 1995, 51 pages.
- Karl Josef Klöhs: Kaiserwetter am Siebengebirge, Königswinter 2003, ISBN 3-00-012113-7
- Otmar Falkner: Die Quirrenbacher Mühle, in: Heimatblätter des Rhein-Sieg-Kreises, 75.Jg./2007, p. 136-149, ISBN 978-3-938535-26-4
Gallery
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Servatiuskapelle, near Aegidienberg on territory of Bad Honnef
References
- ^ a b Paul Clemen, rev. Edmund Renard, Die Kunstdenkmäler der Rheinprovinz, Volume 5.4 Die Kunstdenkmäler des Siegkreises, Düsseldorf: Schwann, 1907, OCLC 257620400, p. 713 Template:De icon
- ^ "Bad Honnef" (in German). Stadt Bad Honnef. Retrieved 9 March 2013.
- ^ According to the Deutsche Grundkarte; topographic map, 308.8 metres (1,013 ft)
- ^ According to the Deutsche Grundkarte; topographic map, 351.3 metres (1,153 ft)
- ^ Winfried Biesing, Vom Amt Wolkenburg zum Canton Königswinter zwischen dem Breitenbacher Graben und der Siegmündung, Königswinter: Heimatverein Siebengebirge, 1984, OCLC 75220535 pp. 16– Template:De icon
- ^ Wilhelm W. Hamacher, Von "Hunferode" bis "Aegidienberg": eine Wanderung durch 1500 Jahre Geschichte, Studien zur Heimatgeschichte der Stadt Bad Honnef am Rhein 11, Bad Honnef: Heimat- und Geschichtsverein Herrschaft Löwenburg, 1995, OCLC 45252644, p. 11 Template:De icon
- ^ Theodor Joseph Lacomblet, Urkundenbuch für die Geschichte des Niederrheins, Volume 3 (1301–1400), Düsseldorf: 1853, OCLC 231535338 Template:De icon
- ^ Wilhelm Janssen, Die Regesten der Erzbischöfe von Köln, Volume 5 1332–1349 (Walram von Jülich), Publikationen der Gesellschaft für Rheinische Geschichtskunde 21.5, Düsseldorf: Droste, 1973, ISBN 9783775605014 Template:De icon
- ^ Hanns Bächtold-Stäubli, ed., Handwörterbuch des deutschen Aberglaubens, Volume 1 Aal – Butzemann, Handwörterbücher zur deutschen Volkskunde 1.1 , Berlin: de Gruyter, 1927, OCLC 163502938 Template:De icon
- ^ a b Otmar Falkner, "Die Quirrenbacher Mühle", Heimatblätter des Rhein-Sieg-Kreises 75 (2007) 137–40 Template:De icon
- ^ Zeitschrift des Bergischen Geschichtsvereins 70 (1949) p. 189 Template:De icon
- ^ Otmar Falkner, "Ein Beitrag zur Aegidienberger Ortsgeschichte", Heimatblätter des Rhein-Sieg-Kreises 72 (2004) p. 116 Template:De icon
- ^ a b Gemeindelexikon für das Königreich Preußen von 1885. Provinz Rheinland, p. 114
- ^ Die Flammersfelder Geschichte on www.gemeinde-flammersfeld.de
- ^ Helmut Weinand: Die preußischen Staats- und Bezirksstraßen im Regierungsbezirk Koblenz bis zum Jahr 1876, Bonn 1971, S.158-159
- ^ Contemporary reports supposedly exist in Stars and Stripes, the official newspaper of the U.S. Armed Forces.
- ^ Karl Gast, Aegidienberg im Wandel der Zeiten, Aegidienberg 1964, pp. 241– Template:De icon
- ^ Martin Bünermann: Die Gemeinden des ersten Neugliederungsprogramms in Nordrhein-Westfalen, Köln 1970
- ^ Franz Möller: Der Rhein-Sieg-Kreis im Spannungsfeld von Bund und Land, Rheinlandia Verlag, Siegburg 2006, ISBN 3-938535-20-2.
- ^ aegidienberg.de: Aegidienberg in the Siebengebirge mountains region - about Aegidienberg, access to 19 June 2010
- ^ Volkszählungsergebnisse von 1816 bis 1970. Beiträge zur Statistik des Rhein-Sieg-Kreises, band 17, Siegburg 1980.