SS Libau
 Model of the vessel displayed at the Cork Public Museum
| |
| History | |
|---|---|
 UK | |
| Name | SS Castro |
| Laid down | 1907 |
| Fate | Captured by German Navy 1914 |
| History | |
 Germany | |
| Name | SMS Libau (Aud) |
| Acquired | 1914 |
| Fate | Scuttled 1916 |
| General characteristics | |
| Type | Merchant vessel |
| Length | 220 ft |
| Beam | 12 ft |
| Speed | 10 knots |
The SMS Libau (also known as SS Castro) was a merchant steam ship. In 1916 it masqueraded under the cover name of Aud in an attempt to carry arms to Ireland as part of the preparation for the Easter Rising in Ireland.[1]
Vessel
The SS Castro was a steam cargo transport (1062 ton, 220 x 32 x 12 ft) built for the Wilson Line of Hull, England in 1907. The ship was captured by the German Navy in the Kiel Canal, at the beginning of World War I in August 1914. Renamed the Libau, she remained inactive until 1916, when designated as the vessel to carry a cargo of arms to Ireland, to aid the 1916 Easter Rising, and given the name Aud.
Smuggling operation
Masquerading as the Aud —an existing Norwegian vessel of similar appearance— the Libau set sail from the Baltic port of Lübeck on April 9, 1916, under the Command of Karl Spindler, bound for the south-west coast of Ireland. Under Spindler was a crew of 22 men, all of whom were volunteers. The Aud, laden with an estimated 20,000 rifles, 1,000,000 rounds of ammunition, 10 machine guns, and explosives (under a camouflage of a timber cargo), evaded patrols of both the British 10th Cruiser Squadron, and local Auxiliary patrols.
After surviving violent storms off Rockall, the Aud arrived in Tralee Bay on April 20. There they were due to meet with Roger Casement and others, with Casement having been landed nearby by U-19. Due to a combination of factors (primarily as the ship carried no radio and was unaware that the date for its arrival off Fenit had been altered from Thursday, April 20 to Sunday, April 23) the transfer of arms did not take place. The Aud, attempting to escape the area, was trapped by a blockade of British ships. Captain Spindler allowed himself to be escorted towards Cork Harbour, in the company of Acacia class sloop HMS Bluebell. The German crew then scuttled the ship.[2]
Spindler and crew were interned for the duration of the war.[3]
At this point Roger Casement and his companions who had been landed by the submarine U-19 in Kerry had been captured in an old ringfort or rath, between Ardfert and Tralee .
The car-load of Volunteers who were supposed to meet Spindler had crashed, many miles away, near Kenmare so there was no hope of an organised transfer of arms. With Spindler and his crew on a ship with no radio or other means of communicating their plight the poorly organised gun-running plan was nearing an end.
Artefacts
"Aud rifles"
A number of the rifles were recovered from the Aud before the vessel was scuttled. Several examples exist in various museums in Britain and Ireland. Among these are the Cork Public Museum in Fitzgerald's Park in Cork, a museum in Lurgan County Armagh, the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin, and the Imperial War Museum in London. The majority of these rifles are the model known as the Mosin–Nagant 1891, or "three-line rifle", captured in the German rout of Russian forces in the Battle of Tannenberg. These rifles have been referred to in various publications as being 'outmoded and out of date;'[4] - in fact they were well comparable with many of the leading makes of the era. They were a different calibre from German rifles and therefore, for logistic reasons, the Germans preferred not to issue them for the use of their own troops. They were magazine rifles, which enabled the user to pre-load five rounds from a clip plus, when needed, one more in the breech, and then fire in reasonably rapid succession with good accuracy, using relatively modern .30 calibre ( in millimetres 7.62×54mmR ) spitzer-nosed bullets. Per Russian preference, the rifles aboard the Aud were equipped with the Russian model of socket bayonets, s.c. "Rat-tails".
Anchors
In 2012 a licenced salvage operation raised the Aud's anchors from the wreck site in Cork harbour. Following conservation and desalination works the anchors are expected to be put on public display.[5]
References
- ^ Pollard, H.B.C. (2003). Secret Societies of Ireland, Their Rise and Progress. Kessinger. p. page 147. ISBN 0-7661-5479-3.
{{cite book}}:|page=has extra text (help) - ^ "Black night in Ballykissane". The Kingdom. 2006-04-13. Retrieved 2008-07-01.
- ^ A Dictionary of Irish History, D.J.Hickey & J.E.Doherty, Gill and Macmillan, Dublin, 1980. Pp. page 20 ISBN 0-7171-1567-4
- ^ Hackey, Thomas (1996). The Irish Experience: A Concise History. Ireland: M. E. Sharpe. p. Page 157. ISBN 1-56324-792-5.
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - ^ "Anchors recovered from arms-smuggling vessel scuttled in plan to aid Easter Rising - The Irish Times - Wed, Jun 20, 2012". The Irish Times. 2012-06-20. Retrieved 2012-06-30.
Further sources and reading
- de Courcy Ireland, Dr John (1966). The Sea and the Easter Rising. Dublin: Maritime Institute of Ireland.
- Xander Clayton: AUD, Plymouth (GAC) 2007, ISBN 978-0-9555622-0-4