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List of metro systems

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This is an old revision of this page, as edited by Geografisica (talk | contribs) at 15:38, 3 June 2013 (Adding Metro de Valencia (Venezuela) is not in any list and is in fact a Metro too.). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

See also: List of tram and light-rail transit systems
The New York City Subway is the world's largest by number of stations.
File:Pangyo Station of the Seoul Metropolitan Subway, South Korea.JPG
The Seoul Subway is the world's longest system by passenger route length.
The London Underground. Opened in 1863, it is the oldest metro system in the world.

A metro system is a rapid transit train system. In some cases, metro systems are referred to as subways or undergrounds. As of May 2013, there are 188 metro systems in the world. The first metro system, the London Underground, was opened in 1863. The Seoul Metropolitan Subway is the longest system in passenger route length. The New York City Subway has the most stations and the longest amount of total track, with a total of 842 miles (1,355 km), including non-revenue trackage.[1] The Dubai Metro is the world's longest driverless metro system, spanning 75 km over two lines.[2]

Considerations

A metro system is defined as an urban, electric passenger transport system with high capacity and high frequency of service, which is totally independent from other traffic, road or pedestrians.[3][4] The terms heavy rail (mainly in North America) and heavy urban rail often have similar definitions.[5][6]

The dividing line between metro and other modes of public transport, such as light rail and commuter rail, is not always clear. A common way to distinguish metro from light rail is by their separation from other traffic. While light rail systems may share roads or have level crossings, a metro system runs, almost always, on a grade-separated exclusive right-of-way, with no access for pedestrians and other traffic. And in contrast to commuter rail, metro systems are primarily used for transport within a city, and have higher service frequency, typically not more than 10 minutes between trains during normal daytime service. Furthermore, most metro systems do not share tracks with freight trains or inter-city rail services. It is however not relevant whether the system runs on steel wheels or rubber tyres, or if the power supply is from a third rail or overhead lines.

The name of the system is not a criterion for inclusion or exclusion. Some cities use metro as a brand name for a transit line with no component of rapid transit whatsoever. Similarly, there are systems branded light rail that meet every criterion for being a rapid transit system. Some systems also incorporate light metro or light rail lines as part of the larger system under a common name. These are listed, but the light rail lines are not counted in the provided network data. Certain transit networks match the technical level and service standards of metro systems, but reach far out of the city and are commonly known or better described as suburban, regional or commuter rail. These are not included. Neither are monorail and funicular systems, or people movers, such as amusement park, ski resort and airport transport systems.

Legend

Countries with metro systems
The locations of all the world's metro systems
Country
Country of the metro system.
Location
Primary city served by the metro system.
Name
The most common English name of the system.
Opened
The year the system was opened for commercial service with metro standard. Parts of the system may be older, as parts of a former light rail or commuter rail network.
Stations
The number of stations in the network, with stations connected by transfer counted as one.
Length
The route length of the network in kilometres and miles.

List

This list is sortable. Click on the icon in the column header to change sort key and sort order.

Location Country Name Opening Stations Length (km) Length (mi) Last extension
Algiers  Algeria Algiers Metro[7] 2011 10 9.2 5.7 2011[8]
Buenos Aires  Argentina Subterráneo de Buenos Aires[note 1][9] 1913 68 48.5 30.1 2011[10]
Yerevan  Armenia Yerevan Metro 1981 10 13.4 8.3 1996[11]
Vienna  Austria Vienna U-Bahn[12] 1976 101 75 47 2010[note 2]
Baku  Azerbaijan Baku Metro 1967 23 34.6 21.5 2011[note 3]
Minsk  Belarus Minsk Metro 1984 28 35.5 22.1 2012[note 4]
Brussels  Belgium Brussels Metro 1976 59 49.9 31.0 2009[note 5]
Belo Horizonte  Brazil Belo Horizonte Metro 1986 19 28.2 17.5 2002
Brasília  Brazil Brasília Metro 2001 24 42.4 26.3[13] 2008
Fortaleza  Brazil Fortaleza Metro 2012 16 24 15[14] 2012
Porto Alegre  Brazil Porto Alegre Metro 1985 19 38.7 24.0 2012
Recife  Brazil Recife Metro 1985 28 39.5 24.5 2009
Rio de Janeiro  Brazil Metrô Rio 1979 35 46.2 28.7[15] 2009
São Paulo  Brazil São Paulo Metro 1974 165 326.1 202.6[16] 2011
Teresina  Brazil Teresina Metro 1989 9 14.5 9.0 1989
Sofia  Bulgaria Sofia Metro 1998 27 31.0 19.3 2012
Montreal  Canada Montreal Metro[17] 1966 68 69.2 43.0 2007[note 6]
Toronto  Canada Toronto Subway and RT[18] 1954 69 68.3 42.4 2002[note 7]
Vancouver  Canada SkyTrain 1985 47 68.7 42.7 2009[note 8]
Santiago  Chile Santiago Metro[19][20] 1975 108 103 64 2011
Valparaíso  Chile Valparaíso Metro 2005 20 43 27 2005
Beijing  China Beijing Subway[21][22] 1971[note 9] 270 456 283 2013[23]
Chengdu  China Chengdu Metro 2010 36 40.8 25.4 2012[24]
Chongqing  China Chongqing Rail Transit[note 10] 2005 35 67.7 42.1 2012[25]
Dalian  China Dalian Metro[26] 2003 20 63.0 39.1 2008[27]
Foshan  China FMetro[note 11] 2010 14 20.4 12.7 2010
Guangzhou  China Guangzhou Metro[28][note 12] 1997 120 215.0 133.6 2010[29]
Hangzhou  China Hangzhou Metro[30] 2012 31 48.0 29.8 2012[31]
Hong Kong  China MTR[32] 1979[note 13] 82 174.4 108.4 2009
Kunming  China Kunming Rail Transit 2012 2 18.1 11.2 2012[33]
Nanjing  China Nanjing Metro[34] 2005 58 87.0 54.1 2011[35]
Shanghai  China Shanghai Metro[note 14] 1995 288 439 273 2012[36]
Shenyang  China Shenyang Metro 2010 41 49.7 30.9 2012[37]
Shenzhen  China Shenzhen Metro 2004 137 178.4 110.9 2011[38]
Suzhou  China Suzhou Rail Transit 2012 24 25.7 16.0 2012[39]
Tianjin  China Tianjin Metro 1984 76 128.6 79.9 2012[40]
Wuhan  China Wuhan Metro 2004 46 56.85 35.32 2012[41]
Xi'an  China Xi'an Metro 2011 17 20.5 12.7 2011[42]
Medellín  Colombia Medellín Metro 1995 34 32 20 1996
Prague  Czech Republic Prague Metro 1974 57 59.3 36.8 2008[note 15]
Copenhagen  Denmark S-train 1934 84 170 110 2005
Copenhagen  Denmark Copenhagen Metro 2002 22 21 13 2007
Santo Domingo  Dominican Republic Santo Domingo Metro 2009 30 24.8 15.4 2013
Cairo  Egypt Cairo Metro[43] 1987 60 69.8 43.4 2012[note 16]
Helsinki  Finland Helsinki Metro 1982 17 21.1 13.1 2007
Lille  France Lille Metro 1983 60 45.2 28.1 2000
Lyon  France Lyon Metro 1978 42 30.5 19.0 2007
Marseille  France Marseille Metro 1977 30 22 14 2010
Paris  France Paris Métro[44][45] 1900 303 219.9 136.6 2013
Rennes  France Rennes Metro 2002 15 9.4 5.8 2002
Toulouse  France Toulouse Metro 1993 37 27.5 17.1 2007
Tbilisi  Georgia Tbilisi Metro 1966 22 26.4 16.4 2000[46]
Berlin  Germany Berlin U-Bahn[47] 1902 173 147 91 2009
Berlin  Germany Berlin S-Bahn 1924 166 331 206 2007
Frankfurt  Germany Frankfurt U-Bahn 1968 85 58.6 36.4 2010
Hamburg  Germany Hamburg U-Bahn 1912 89 100.7 62.6 2012
Hamburg  Germany Hamburg S-Bahn 1908 68 144.0 89.5 2008
Munich  Germany Munich U-Bahn 1971 100 103.1 64.1 2010
Nuremberg  Germany Nuremberg U-Bahn 1972 44 34.6 21.5 2011
Athens  Greece Athens Metro[note 17][note 18] 1869 56 73.8 45.9 2013[note 19]
Budapest  Hungary Budapest Metro 1896 42 31.7 19.7 1990
Bangalore  India Namma Metro 2011 6 6.7 4.2 2011
Chennai  India Chennai Mass Rapid Transit System 1997 17 19 12 2007
Delhi  India Delhi Metro 2002[48] 145 193 120 2011
Kolkata  India Kolkata Metro 1984 23 25.55 15.88 2010
Mashhad  Iran Mashhad Metro 2011 22 19 12 2011
Tehran  Iran Tehran Metro 1999[49] 80 74.5 46.3 2012
Brescia  Italy Brescia Metro 2013[50] 17 13.1 8.1 2013
Catania  Italy Catania Metro 1999 6 3.8 2.4 1999
Genoa  Italy Genoa Metro 1990 8 7.1 4.4 2012
Milan  Italy Milan Metro[51] 1964 101 92 57 2013
Naples  Italy Naples Metro[note 20] 1993[note 21] 20 17.8 11.1 2012
Rome  Italy Rome Metro[52] 1955 52 41.5 25.8 2012
Turin  Italy Metrotorino 2006 21 13.4 8.3 2011
Fukuoka  Japan[note 22] Fukuoka City Subway 1981 35 29.8 18.5 2005
Kobe  Japan[note 22] Kobe Rapid Railway 1968 10 7.6 4.7 2001
Kobe  Japan[note 22] Kobe Municipal Subway 1977 25 30.6 19.0 2001
Kyoto  Japan[note 22] Kyoto Municipal Subway 1981 29 28.8 17.9 2008
Nagoya  Japan[note 22] Nagoya Municipal Subway 1957 83 89.1 55.4 2011
Osaka  Japan[note 22] Osaka Municipal Subway 1933 101 137.8 85.6 2006
Sapporo  Japan[note 22] Sapporo Municipal Subway 1971 46 48 30 1999
Sendai  Japan[note 22] Sendai Subway 1987 17 14.8 9.2 1987
Tokyo  Japan[note 22] Yamanote Line 1925 29 34.5 21.4 1925
Tokyo  Japan[note 22] Tokyo Metro 1927 179 195.1 121.2 2008
Tokyo  Japan[note 22] Toei Subway 1960 106 121.5 75.5 2000
Tokyo  Japan[note 22] Tokyo Waterfront Area Rapid Transit 1996 8 12.2 7.6 2002
Yokohama  Japan[note 22] Yokohama Municipal Subway 1972 32 40.4 25.1 2002
Yokohama  Japan[note 22] Minatomirai Line 2004 6 4.1 2.5 2008
Almaty  Kazakhstan Almaty Metro 2011 7 8.5 5.3 2011
Pyongyang  North Korea Pyongyang Metro 1973 17 22 14 1987[note 23]
Busan  South Korea Busan Subway 1985 128 130.2 80.9 2011[note 24]
Daegu  South Korea Daegu Subway 1997 59 57.3 35.6 2012[note 25]
Daejeon  South Korea Daejeon Subway 2006 22 22.7 14.1 2007[note 26]
Gwangju  South Korea Gwangju Subway 2004 20 20.1 12.5 2008[note 27]
Incheon  South Korea Incheon Subway 1999 29 29.4 18.3 2009[note 28]
Seoul  South Korea Seoul Metropolitan Subway[note 29] 1974[note 30] 381[note 31] 508.2 315.8 2012[note 32]
Kuala Lumpur  Malaysia Kuala Lumpur Rail Transit System 1996 48 56 35 2003
Mexico City  Mexico Mexico City Metro[note 33][53] 1969 195 226 140 2012[note 34]
Amsterdam  Netherlands Amsterdam Metro[note 35][54] 1977 33 32.7 20.3 2005
Rotterdam  Netherlands Rotterdam Metro 1968 62 78.3 48.7 2010
Oslo  Norway Oslo Metro 1966 105 84.2 52.3 2006[note 36]
Lima  Peru Lima Metro 2011 16 21.4 13.3 2011[note 37]
Manila  Philippines Manila Light Rail Transit System 1984 32 34.5 21.4 2010
Manila  Philippines Manila Metro Rail Transit System 1999 13 17.0 10.6 2000
Warsaw  Poland Warsaw Metro 1995 21 23.1 14.4 2008
Lisbon  Portugal Lisbon Metro[55][56] 1959 55 45.5 28.3 2012[note 38]
San Juan  Puerto Rico Tren Urbano 2004 16 17.2 10.7 2005
Bucharest  Romania Bucharest Metro[57] 1979 51 69.3 43.1 2011[note 39]
Kazan  Russia Kazan Metro[58] 2005 10 17.2 10.7 2013[59]
Moscow  Russia Moscow Metro[60][61] 1935 188 313.1 194.6 2012[62]
Nizhny Novgorod  Russia Nizhny Novgorod Metro 1985 15 18.9 11.7 2012[63]
Novosibirsk  Russia Novosibirsk Metro 1986 13 15.9 9.9 2011[64]
Saint Petersburg  Russia Saint Petersburg Metro 1955 67 113.2 70.3 2012[65]
Samara  Russia Samara Metro 1987 9 11.4 7.1 2007[66]
Yekaterinburg  Russia Yekaterinburg Metro 1991 9 12.7 7.9 2012[67]
Mecca  Saudi Arabia Mecca Metro 2010 15 18.1 11.2 2010
Singapore  Singapore Mass Rapid Transit[68] 1987 89 146.5 91.0 2012[note 40]
Barcelona  Spain Barcelona Metro[69] 1924 166 125 78 2011
Bilbao  Spain Bilbao Metro 1995 41 43.31 26.91 2011
Madrid  Spain Metro de Madrid[note 41][70] 1919 300 293 182 2011
Palma de Mallorca  Spain Palma de Mallorca Metro 2007 9 8.3 5.2 2007
Seville  Spain Seville Metro 2009 22 18.2 11.3 2009
Valencia  Spain Metrovalencia[note 42] 1988 169 175 109 2007
Valencia  Venezuela Valencia Metro (Venezuela) 2006 7 6.2 3.9 2007
Stockholm  Sweden Stockholm Metro[71] 1950 100 110.0 68.4 1994[note 43]
Lausanne   Switzerland Lausanne Metro[note 44][72] 2008 28 15.0 9.3 2008
Taipei  Taiwan Taipei Metro 1996 102[73] 112.8 70.1 2012
Kaohsiung  Taiwan Kaohsiung Mass Rapid Transit 2008 37 42.7 26.5 2012
Bangkok  Thailand Bangkok Skytrain[74] 1999 32 32.8 20.4 2013
Bangkok  Thailand Bangkok Metro 2004 18 21 13 2004
Bangkok  Thailand Suvarnabhumi Airport Rail Link City Line 2010 8 28.6 17.8 2010
Adana  Turkey Adana Metro 2009 13 13.5 8.4 2009
Ankara  Turkey Ankara Metro 1997 23 23.4 14.5 1997
Bursa  Turkey Bursa Metro 2002 26 31 19 2011
Istanbul  Turkey Istanbul Metro 2000 28 39.2 24.4 2012
Izmir  Turkey Izmir Metro 2000 10 11.6 7.2 2012
Dnipropetrovsk  Ukraine Dnipropetrovsk Metro 1995 6 7.8 4.8 1995
Kharkiv  Ukraine Kharkiv Metro 1975 29 38.1 23.7 2010
Kiev  Ukraine Kiev Metro 1960 51 66.1 41.1 2012
Dubai  United Arab Emirates Dubai Metro[75] 2009 47 75 47 2012[note 45]
Glasgow  United Kingdom Glasgow Subway 1896 15 10.4 6.5 1896
London  United Kingdom London Underground[76] 1863[77] 270 402 250 2009
London  United Kingdom Docklands Light Railway 1987[78] 45 34 21 2011
Newcastle/Sunderland  United Kingdom Tyne & Wear Metro 1980 60 77.7 48.3 2002
Atlanta  United States MARTA 1979 38 77 48 2000
Baltimore  United States Metro Subway 1983 14 24.5 15.2 1995
Boston  United States MBTA[note 46][79][80] 1897 51 61 38 1985
Chicago  United States Chicago 'L' 1897[note 47][81] 145 173 107 1993
Cleveland  United States RTA Rapid Transit (Red Line) 1955 18 31 19 1968
Los Angeles  United States Los Angeles County Metro Rail[note 48][82] 1993 16 28.0 17.4 2012
Miami  United States Metrorail 1984 23 40.1 24.9 2012
New York City  United States New York City Subway[note 49][83][84][85] 1868 (Elevated) 1904 (Subway) 472 337 209 2013 [note 50]
New York City  United States Staten Island Railway 1925[note 51] 22 22.5 14.0 1925
New York City/New Jersey  United States PATH 1908[86] 13 22.2 13.8 1910
Philadelphia  United States SEPTA[note 52] 1907 53 38.5 23.9 1973
Philadelphia/New Jersey  United States PATCO Speedline 1936 13 22.9 14.2 1969
San Francisco Bay Area  United States BART[87] 1972 44 167 104 2011
Washington, D.C.  United States Washington Metro 1976 86 171 106 2004
Tashkent  Uzbekistan Tashkent Metro 1977 29 37.5 23.3 2001[note 53]
Caracas  Venezuela Caracas Metro 1983 47 54.2 33.7 2010[88]
Los Teques  Venezuela Los Teques Metro 2012 3 10.2 6.3 2006
Maracaibo  Venezuela Maracaibo Metro 2006 6 6.5 4.0 2009

Metro systems under construction

The following is an incomplete list of metro systems currently undergoing construction.

Location Country Name Start of construction Planned opening Stations Length (km)
Salvador  Brazil Salvador Metro 2014 19 30
Dongguan  China Dongguan Metro 2010 2015 15 37.743
Qingdao  China Qingdao Metro 2009 2014 22 25.1
Harbin  China Harbin Metro 2003 2013 18 17.47
Zhengzhou  China Zhengzhou Metro 2009 2013 22 26.34
Changsha  China Changsha Metro 2009 2013 19 22.26
Ningbo  China Ningbo Rail Transit 2009 2014 20 20.878
Wuxi  China Wuxi Metro 2009 2014 46 54.8
Nanchang  China Nanchang Rail Transit 2009 2015 24 35
Hefei  China Hefei Metro 2009 2016 21 20
Quito  Ecuador Quito Metro Dec 2012 2016 16 23
Addis Ababa  Ethiopia Addis Ababa metro 2012
Thessaloniki  Greece Thessaloniki Metropolitan Railway 2006 2018 18 19.6
Kochi  India Kochi Metro 2012 2016 22 28
Navi Mumbai  India Navi Mumbai Metro 2011 2014 17 117.3
Jaipur  India Jaipur Metro 2010 2013 29 32.5
Chennai  India Chennai Metro 2010 2013 41 117.046
Gurgaon  India Gurgaon Metro 2010 July 2013 6 7
Hyderabad  India Hyderabad Metro Rail 2012 Dec 2014 66 71.16
Mumbai  India Mumbai Metro 2013 Dec 2013 15 16
Panama City  Panama Panama Metro 2010 Jan 2014 13
Doha  Qatar Doha Metro 2013
Riyadh  Saudi Arabia Riyadh metro 2013 2017
Abu Dhabi  United Arab Emirates Abu Dhabi metro 2013

See also

Notes

  1. ^ There are 77 stations according to official source. But there are 68 stations when counting transfer stations as one.
  2. ^ U2 was extended in 2010
  3. ^ Latest restoration of old line in 2011
  4. ^ The Moskovskaya Line expanded in 2012
  5. ^ Line 2's loop was completed in 2009
  6. ^ See Orange Line (Montreal Metro)
  7. ^ See Sheppard line
  8. ^ See Canada Line
  9. ^ Accepting visitors since 1969. Operational since 1971.
  10. ^ Statistics for line 1 and 6 only; lines 2 and 3 are monorail and are not included. With Lines 2 and 3, the total stations are 92, and total length is 142.5 km.
  11. ^ 1st line of Foshan Metro serves two cities - Foshan and Guangzhou
  12. ^ The number excludes the stations and lengths on the Guangfo Metro/Guangfo Line, which is part of the FMetro in Foshan.
  13. ^ East Rail Line overlapped with a conventional railway operational since 1910.
  14. ^ This figure excludes Maglev line and Line 22, both often included in Shanghai Metro maps but not considered part of the system.
  15. ^ Line C last extended in 2008
  16. ^ Line 3's first section opened 2012
  17. ^ The blue line also has a 21.2 km section (with 4 stations) to the airport that is owned by the Hellenic Railways Organisation and is mainly used by the suburban railway system.
    "Operation". Attiko Metro S.A. Retrieved 2008-12-28.
    Schwandl, Robert. "Athens Metro". UrbanRail.net. Retrieved 2008-12-28.
  18. ^ The green line, operated until 2011 by Athens–Piraeus Electric Railway, was opened in 1869 as a steam train railway line. It was electrified in 1904, extended with underground sections through the city in 1948, and extended to its full length to Kifissia in 1957 using the right-of-way of a former metre gauge suburban line. Full metro operation since 1904 between Piraeus and Athens and 1957 to Kifissia. It shall be integrated with Athens Metro under the new company STASY S.A.
    "Information on Line 1 - Technical Data". ISAP. Retrieved 2008-12-28.
  19. ^ Line 2 expanded in 2013 to Anthoupoli
  20. ^ Currently, line 1, 2 and 6 are rapid transit. Additional suburban lines will be upgraded to rapid transit standard.
    Schwandl, Robert. "Napoli". UrbanRail.net. Retrieved 2008-02-23.
  21. ^ Overlapped with some conventional railways operational since 1925.
  22. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n In general, the majority of urban rail service in Japanese metropolitan areas is provided by systems not included in this list. For a complete list of urban rail systems in Japan, see List of urban rail systems in Japan.
  23. ^ Yŏnggwang and Puhŭng opened in 1987
  24. ^ Line 4 and Busan-Gimhae Light Rail Transit opened in 2011
  25. ^ Daegu Subway Line 2 extension opened in 2012
  26. ^ Second phase of line 1
  27. ^ Line 1 fully opened
  28. ^ Line 1 extension in 2009
  29. ^ Only includes rapid transit serviced lines in Seoul and their extensions. Lines that have service frequency typically lower than 10 minutes during daytime are excluded. Only the following sections are included:
  30. ^ Parts of Line 1 and Line K1, K3 overlap with conventional railways that were built before 1974.
  31. ^ Transfer stations are not counted as one.
  32. ^ See Seoul Subway Line 7.
  33. ^ There are 147 stations on the network map, counting transfer stations as one. The sum of number of stations for all lines is 175.
  34. ^ Line 12 opened 2012
  35. ^ Line 50, 53, and 54 are rapid transit. Numbers exclude light rail line 51.
  36. ^ Ring line completed in 2006
  37. ^ First line completed in 2011
  38. ^ The Red Line was expanded in 2012
  39. ^ Line M4 completed in 2011
  40. ^ The Circle MRT Line was expanded in 2012
  41. ^ Including MetroSur and other suburban lines.
  42. ^ Not entirely a metro.
  43. ^ Skarpnäck metro station opened in 1994
  44. ^ The Lausanne Metro has two lines. Line 1 is light rail, line 2 is rapid transit. Stats are for line 2 only.
  45. ^ The Red line completed in 2012
  46. ^ The Red, Orange, and Blue lines of the subway are rapid transit. The originally-elevated Orange Line opened in 1901, sharing the Tremont Street Subway that opened in 1897 as an underground tram tunnel.
  47. ^ Dated from the opening of "The Loop", when the system became unified and electrified.
  48. ^ Red and Purple lines.
  49. ^ First regular elevated railway service began in 1868. The first section of subway opened in 1904. The total number of stations is 472, but with transfer stations counted only once, the number is 423 (including temporarily closed station Cortlandt Street).
  50. ^ On April 4, 2013, the 1 service was extended south to the South Ferry loops to replace service to South Ferry – Whitehall Street, which was damaged in Hurricane Sandy. This is not a permanent extension, nor is this new construction.
  51. ^ While the line opened as a railroad in 1860, it was not until 1925 that rapid transit equipment would be operated here.
  52. ^ Broad Street Line and Market–Frankford Line
  53. ^ The Yunusobod Line was opened in 2001

References

  1. ^ New York State Comptroller. "A Guide for Evaluating the Metropolitan Transportation Authority's Proposed Capital Program for 2000 Through 2004". www.osc.state.ny.us. Retrieved July 7, 2008.
  2. ^ "Dubai Metro creates new world record". Gulf News. Retrieved 9 April 2013.
  3. ^ "Metro". International Association of Public Transport. Retrieved 2008-01-14.
  4. ^ Schwandl, Robert (2007). "What is a metro?". UrbanRail.Net. Retrieved 2008-01-14.
  5. ^ "Glossary of Transit Terminology". American Public Transportation Association. Archived from the original on 2007-09-27. Retrieved 2008-02-27.
  6. ^ "The demand for public transport: a practical guide" (PDF). Transport Research Laboratory. p. 6. Retrieved 2008-03-27.
  7. ^ "Alger metro inaugurated". Railway Gazette. Retrieved 2011-11-02.
  8. ^ Line 1, Schwandl, Robert. "Algiers - Al Jaza'ir". UrbanRail.Net. Retrieved 9 January 2013.
  9. ^ "Metrovías en Números". Metrovias. Retrieved 2011-08-17.
  10. ^ Line H last expansion in 2011
  11. ^ Charbakh, Schwandl, Robert. "Yerevan". UrbanRail.Net. Retrieved 8 January 2013.
  12. ^ "Wien". UrbanRail.Net. Retrieved 6 May 2010.
  13. ^ Estrutura atual - Metrô Brasília
  14. ^ [1] - Metrô Fortaleza
  15. ^ Metrô Rio
  16. ^ Metrô SP - Secretaria de Transportes Metropolitanos
  17. ^ "The Montreal métro: a source of pride" (PDF). 2002. pp. 10, 11. Retrieved 16 February 2010.
  18. ^ "TTC - Subway/RT". Retrieved 31 January 2010.
  19. ^ "Plan your journey" (in Spanish). Santiago Metro. Retrieved 19 April 2010. Track length and stations
  20. ^ "Santiago Metro: History". Santiago Metro. Retrieved 19 April 2010. Opening year
  21. ^ "北京4条新地铁线今日开通 无仪式及领导讲话". 新京报. 2012-12-30. Retrieved 2012-12-30.
  22. ^ (Chinese) 北京地铁4条新线每日至少跑17小时 2013-01-09
  23. ^ (Chinese) "北京地铁10号线一圈57公里 创地下铁之最" 北京日报 2013-05-06
  24. ^ Schwandl, Robert. "Chengdu". UrbanRail.Net. Retrieved 7 January 2013.
  25. ^ Schwandl, Robert. "Chongqing". UrbanRail.Net. Retrieved 7 January 2013.
  26. ^ Schwandl, Robert. "Dalian". UrbanRail.net. Retrieved 2008-02-28.
  27. ^ Schwandl, Robert. "Dalian". UrbanRail.Net. Retrieved 7 January 2013.
  28. ^ "Guangzhou Metro". ExploreGuangzhou's "Metropedia". Retrieved 31 October 2010.
  29. ^ Schwandl, Robert. "Guangzhou". UrbanRail.Net. Retrieved 7 January 2013.
  30. ^ "Hangzhou Metro". Hangzhou Metro. Retrieved 24 November 2012.
  31. ^ Line 1, Schwandl, Robert. "Hangzhou". UrbanRail.Net. Retrieved 8 January 2013.
  32. ^ "Train Services". MTR Corporation. Retrieved 20 March 2010.
  33. ^ Line 6, Schwandl, Robert. "Kunming". UrbanRail.Net. Retrieved 8 January 2013.
  34. ^ "Nanjing Metro". Urbanrail. Retrieved 29 May 2010.
  35. ^ Nanjing South Railway Station, Schwandl, Robert. "Nanjing". UrbanRail.Net. Retrieved 8 January 2013.
  36. ^ "2012年上海市国民经济和社会发展统计公报" (in Chinese). Shanghai Statistics Bureau. 2013-02-26. Retrieved 2013-05-07.
  37. ^ 王晓婷 (2011-12-30). "沈阳地铁二号线今日开通 市民可持试乘票免费乘车". 沈阳晚报. Retrieved 2012-02-23.
  38. ^ photo of ongoing construction in Shekou
  39. ^ Line 1, Schwandl, Robert. "Suzhou". UrbanRail.Net. Retrieved 9 January 2013.
  40. ^ "天津地铁9号线延至天津站 末车时间延长至22:00". Retrieved October 14, 2012.
  41. ^ "今日10时武汉地铁2号线开通 武汉迈入地铁时代(图)". Retrieved December 28, 2012.
  42. ^ Line 2, Schwandl, Robert. "Xi'an". UrbanRail.Net. Retrieved 9 January 2013.
  43. ^ Rohde, Mike. "Cairo". Metro Bits. Retrieved 2008-03-22.
  44. ^ "The RATP Dev Brochure" (PDF). RATP. 11 June 2010. p. 3. Retrieved 7 November 2010. network length and number of stations
  45. ^ "Le Metropolitain, RER and Bus - A bit of history". Paris.org. Retrieved 25 January 2010. opening year
  46. ^ Vazha Pshavela, Schwandl, Robert. "Tbilisi". UrbanRail.Net. Retrieved 8 January 2013.
  47. ^ "The Berlin metro (U-Bahn)". Means of Transport & Routes. BVG. Archived from the original on 2008-02-18. Retrieved 2008-02-24.
  48. ^ "Indian PM launches Delhi metro". BBC News. 2002-12-24. Retrieved 2010-09-12.
  49. ^ "Tehran Metro". Retrieved 20 February 2010.
  50. ^ http://www.bresciamobilita.it/category/percorso-utenti/metrobs/
  51. ^ "L'opera che ha fatto di Milano una grande metropoli". Metropolitane Milanesi SpA. Retrieved 2012-06-14.
  52. ^ "Inaugurata la nuova linea metro B1". Comune di Roma Capitale. Retrieved 2012-06-14.
  53. ^ "Datos de operacion [[:Template:Es icon]]". Metro de la Ciudad de Mexico. Retrieved 2010-11-18. {{cite web}}: URL–wikilink conflict (help) Template:Es icon
  54. ^ "World Metro List - Amsterdam". metro bits. 2008-01-10. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
  55. ^ "General Data: Network Expansion". Metropolitano de Lisboa. Retrieved 19 April 2010. Station count and track length
  56. ^ "A brief history". Metropolitano de Lisboa. Retrieved 19 April 2010. Opening year
  57. ^ "Metrorex - Network Features". Metrorex. Retrieved 3 July 2011.
  58. ^ "Kazan Subway". Retrieved 2008-06-12. [dead link‍]
  59. ^ Kozya Sloboda, Schwandl, Robert. "Kazan'". UrbanRail.Net. Retrieved 8 January 2013.
  60. ^ "Московский метрополитен". Moskovsky Metropoliten (in Russian). Retrieved 30 August 2012.
  61. ^ "Метрополитен в цифрах". Metropoliten v Tsifrakh (in Russian). Retrieved 30 August 2012.
  62. ^ Pyatnitskoye Shosse, Schwandl, Robert. "Moscow". UrbanRail.Net. Retrieved 7 January 2013.
  63. ^ Gorkovskaya, Schwandl, Robert. "Nizhniy Novgorod". UrbanRail.Net. Retrieved 7 January 2013.
  64. ^ Extension of Leninskaya Line, Schwandl, Robert. "Novosibirsk". UrbanRail.Net. Retrieved 8 January 2013.
  65. ^ Bukharestskaya and Mezhdunarodnaya, Schwandl, Robert. "St. Petersburg". UrbanRail.Net. Retrieved 8 January 2013.
  66. ^ Rossiyskaya, Schwandl, Robert. "Samara". UrbanRail.Net. Retrieved 8 January 2013.
  67. ^ Chkalovskaya, Schwandl, Robert. "Yekaterinburg". UrbanRail.Net. Retrieved 8 January 2013.
  68. ^ "Singapore MRT". Explore Singapore's "MRTpedia". Retrieved 18 April 2010.
  69. ^ "Barcelona Metro". Mapametrobarcelona.net. Retrieved 15 February 2013.
  70. ^ "Metro de Madrid in figures". Retrieved 22 November 2011.
  71. ^ "SL Annual Report 2007" (PDF). Storstockholms Lokaltrafik. 2008-06-27. p. 29. Retrieved 2008-09-10. [dead link‍]
  72. ^ "Metro m2" (PDF). Transports publics de la région lausannoise. Retrieved 2008-12-28.
  73. ^ "Network and Systems of Taipei Metro". Retrieved 2 October 2012.
  74. ^ "Operating System". Bangkok Mass Transit System Public Company Limited. Retrieved 2008-11-20.
  75. ^ "About metro". Dubai Metro. Retrieved 16 May 2010.
  76. ^ "Key facts". London Underground. Transport for London. Retrieved 2010-11-01.
  77. ^ Green, Oliver (1987). The London Underground — An illustrated history. Ian Allan.
  78. ^ "Docklands Light Railway: History". Transport for London. Retrieved 19 April 2010.
  79. ^ Schwandl, Robert. "Boston T". UrbanRail.net. Retrieved 2008-02-25.
  80. ^ "About the T - Financials - Appendix: Statistical Profile" (PDF). MBTA. 2007. Retrieved 2008-02-25.
  81. ^ "RAPID TRANSIT IN CHICAGO - Remarkable Facilities Furnished by the Opening Last Week of the "Loop."". New York Times. October 24, 1897.
  82. ^ "Facts at a Glance". Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority. Retrieved 2008-03-25.
  83. ^ "New York City Transit - History and Chronology". Metropolitan Transportation Authority. Retrieved 7 November 2010. opening year
  84. ^ "New York City Transit - Subway and Bus Ridership Statistics 2009". Metropolitan Transportation Authority. Retrieved 7 November 2010. number of stations
  85. ^ "New York City Subway & PATH". UrbanRail.Net. Retrieved 7 November 2010. network route length
  86. ^ "New York City: PATH". UrbanRail. Retrieved 25 January 2010.
  87. ^ "BART System Facts". San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District. Retrieved 2008-04-23.
  88. ^ Metro Los Teques, Schwandl, Robert. "Caracas". UrbanRail.Net. Retrieved 10 January 2013.

General references

Further reading

  • Vuchic, Vukan R. (2007). Urban Transit Systems and Technology. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0-471-75823-5.
  • Ovenden, Mark (2005). Metro Maps Of The World. Capital Transport. ISBN 1-85414-288-7.
  • Hinkel, W.; Treiber, K.; Valenta, G.; Liebsch, H. (2004). Underground Railways Yesterday - Today - Tomorrow. Schmid Verlag. ISBN 3-900607-44-3.
  • Fischler, Stan (2000). Subways Of The World. MBI. ISBN 0-7603-0752-0.
  • Garbutt, Paul (1997). World Metro Systems. Capital Transport. ISBN 1-85414-191-0.
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