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For other uses, see Bacolod (disambiguation).
Bacolod City
Dakbanwa sg Bacolod Template:Language icon
Lungsod ng Bacolod Template:Language icon
Ciudad de Bacolod Template:Language icon
Highly-Urbanized City
City of Bacolod
Bacolod City Government Center
Bacolod City Government Center
Official seal of Bacolod City
Seal
Nickname: 
City of Many Smiles
Motto(s): 
Smile, be positive
Map of Negros Occidental showing the location of Bacolod City
Map of Negros Occidental showing the location of Bacolod City
Country Philippines
RegionWestern Visayas (Region VI)
ProvinceNegros Occidental (geographically only)
Legislative DistrictLone District of Bacolod City
Incorporated1755 or 1756 (town)
CityhoodJune 18, 1938
Barangays61
Government
[1]
 • MayorMonico O. Puentevella
 • Vice MayorGreg Gasataya (NPC)
 • City RepresentativeEvelio Ramos Leonardía (NPC)
Area
[2]
 • City
162.67 km2 (62.81 sq mi)
 • Metro
578.65 km2 (223.42 sq mi)
Elevation
[3]
10 m (30 ft)
Population
 (2010)[4]
 • City
511,820
 • Density3,100/km2 (8,100/sq mi)
 • Metro
730,390
 • Metro density1,300/km2 (3,300/sq mi)
Demonym(s)English: Bacolodian
Spanish: bacoleño (masculine), bacoleña (feminine)
Hiligaynon: Bacolodnon
Time zoneUTC+8 (PST)
ZIP code
6100
Area code34
Income Class1st class
Websitebacolodcity.gov.ph

Bacolod (Hiligaynon language: Dakbanwa sang Bacolod, Template:Lang-tgl) is a city in the Philippines.[5] It is the capital of the province of Negros Occidental. Having a total of 511,820 inhabitants as of 2010, it is the most populous city in the Western Visayas Region and the 17th most populous city of the Philippines.[6] It is part of a metropolitan area called Metro Bacolod, which includes the cities of Silay and Talisay.[7] It is notable for its famous MassKara Festival held during the 3rd week of October. Known for being a relatively friendly city, it bears the nickname "City of Smiles". Bacolod City recently ranked no. 1 in a survey by MoneySense Magazine as the "Best Place to Live in the Philippines".[8] Bacolod ranks 3rd among the top ten "Next Wave Cities" of the Philippines for the best location for business process outsourcing and offshoring according to the 2010 report of the Commission on Information and Communications Technology.[9][10]

Etymology

Bacólod (Template:Lang-en), is derived from bakólod (Old Spelling: bacólod), the Old Hiligaynon or Old Ilonggo (Old Spelling: Ylongo and Ilongo) word for a "hill, mound, rise, hillock, down, any small eminence or elevation",[11] since the resettlement was founded on a stony, hilly area, now the barangay of Granada.[12] It was officially called Ciudad de Bacólod (City of Bacolod) when Municipalidad de Bacólod (Municipality of Bacolod) was converted into a city in 1938.[citation needed]

History

Spanish colonial period

Historical church accounts provide a glimpse of the early years of Bacolod as a mere small settlement by the riverbank known as Magsung̃ay (English: Magsungay). When the neighboring settlement of Bago was elevated into the status of a small town in 1575,[13] it had several religious dependencies and one of which was the village of Magsung̃ay. The early missionaries placed the village under the care and protection of San Sebastián (Template:Lang-en) sometime in the middle of the 18th century. A corregidor (Template:Lang-en) by the name of Luis Fernando de Luna, donated a relic of San Sebastián for the growing mission, and since then, the village came to be known as San Sebastián de Magsung̃ay.[14]

Bacolod was not established as a town until 1755 or 1756, after the inhabitants of the coastal settlement of San Sebastián de Magsung̃ay, were attacked by forces under Datu Bantílan of Sulu on July 14, 1755 and the villagers transferred from the coast to a hilly area called Bacólod. Bernardino de los Santos became the first gobernadorcillo (Template:Lang-en). The town of Bacolod was constituted as a parroquia (Template:Lang-en) in 1788 under the secular clergy, but did not have a resident priest until 1802, as the town was served by the priest from Bago, and later Binalbagan. By 1790, slave raids on Bacolod by Moro pirates had ceased.[15]

On 11 February 1802, Fr. Eusebio Laurencio became acting parish priest of Bacolod. In September 1806, Fr. León Pedro was appointed interim parish priest and the following year became the first regular parish priest.[16]

In September 1817, Fray (Template:Lang-en) Julián Gonzaga from Barcelona was appointed as the parish priest. He encouraged the people to settle once again near the sea. He also encouraged migration to Bacolod and the opening of lands to agriculture and industry.[16]

In 1846, upon the request of Msgr. Romualdo Jimeno, bishop of Cebu and Negros at that time, Gobernador General (Template:Lang-en) Narciso Clavería y Zaldúa sent to Negros a team of Recollect missionaries headed by Fr. Fernando Cuenca.[14] A decree of 20 June 1848 by Gobernador General Clavería ordered the restructuring of Negros politically and religiously. The following year (1849), Negros Island Gobernadorcillo Manuel Valdevieso y Morquecho transferred the capital of the Province of Negros from Himamaylan to Bacolod and the Augustinian Recollects were asked to assume spiritual administration of Negros, which they did that same year. Transfer of Bacolod to the Recollects, however, took place only in 1871.[15] Fray Mauricio Ferrero became the first Augustinian Recollect parish priest of Bacolod and successor to the secular priest, Fr. Mariano Ávila.[16] In 1863, a compulsory primary public school system was set up.[17][18]

In 1889, Bacolod became the capital of Occidental Negros when the Province of Negros was politically divided into the separate provinces of Occidental Negros (Spanish: Negros Occidental) and Oriental Negros (Spanish: Negros Oriental).

Negros Revolution

Main article: Negros Revolution
File:Surrenderd.jpg
Last page of the Acta de Capitulación (Template:Lang-en).

The success of the uprising in Bacolod was attributed to the low morale of the local Spanish detachment, due to its defeat in Panay and Luzon and to the psychological warfare waged by Generals Aniceto Lacson and Juan Araneta. In 1897, a battle in Bacolod was fought at Matab-ang River. A year later, on November 5, 1898, the Negrense Revolucionarios (Template:Lang-en), armed with knives, bolos, spears, and rifle-like nipa palm stems, and pieces of sawali or amakan mounted on carts, captured the convento (Template:Lang-en), presently Palacio Episcopal (Template:Lang-en), where Coronel (Template:Lang-en) Isidro de Castro y Cisneros, well-armed cazadores (Template:Lang-en) and platoons of Guardias Civiles (Template:Lang-en), surrendered.

Cantonal Republic of Negros

Main article: Republic of Negros

On 7 November 1898, most of the revolutionary army gathered together to establish a provisional junta and to confirm the elections of Aniceto Lacson as president, Juan Araneta as war-delegate, as well as the other officials. For a brief moment, the provinces of Occidental Negros and Oriental Negros were reunited under the cantonal government of the Negrense Revolucionarios, from 6 November 1898 to the end of February 1899, making Bacolod the capital. On March 1899, the American forces led by Colonel James G. Smith occupied Bacolod, the revolutionary capital of República Cantonal de Negros (Template:Lang-en).

American colonial period

Bacolod Public Plaza during bicycle races in 1901

República de Negros became a U.S. territory on April 30, 1901. Negros was once again separated, reverting Bacolod to its status as the capital of Occidental Negros.

The public school of Instituto Rizal (Template:Lang-en) opened its doors to students on 1 July 1902.[19] Colegio de Nuestra Señora de la Consolación (Template:Lang-en), the first private institution in the province of Negros Occidental, was established in Bacolod by the Augustinian sisters on March 11, 1919 and opened in July 1919.[20][21]

A historic event took place in 1938 when Municipality of Bacolod was elevated into a city through Commonwealth Act No. 326 passed by the 1st National Assembly of the Philippines creating the City of Bacolod.[22] Assemblyman Pedro C. Hernaez of the second district of Negros Occidental sponsored the bill. The law was passed on June 18, 1938. Bacolod was formally inaugurated as a chartered city on October 19, 1938 by virtue of Commonwealth Act No. 404,[23] highlighted by the visit of Commonwealth President Manuel L. Quezón. President Quezón appointed Alfredo Montelíbano, Sr. as the first city mayor of Bacolod.[24]

Japanese occupation and Allied liberation

Home of the late Don Mariano Ramos

In World War II, Bacolod City was occupied by the Japanese forces on May 21, 1942. Lieutenant General Takeshi Kono, the Japanese commanding officer of the 77th Infantry Brigade, 102nd Division, seized the home of Don (Template:Lang-en) Mariano Ramos, the first appointed Presidente Municipal (Template:Lang-en) of Bacolod, which served as the seat of power and the watchtower of the city. The city was liberated by joint Filipino and American forces on May 29, 1945. It took time to rebuild the city after liberation.

The local military built and established of the general headquarters and camp bases of the Philippine Commonwealth Army was active on 1942 to 1946 and the 7th Infantry Regiment of the Philippine Constabulary was active on 1944 to 1946 and they stationed and located in Bacolod City during World War II.

Independent Philippines

File:Pope John Paul II Statue in Bacolod.jpg
Statue of Pope John Paul II, built on the site where he delivered a message on February 20, 1981.

When the country finally gained complete independence from the United States, the city's public markets and slaughterhouses were rebuilt during the administration of former mayor Vicente Remitió from 1947 to 1949. In 1948, a fire razed a portion of the records section of the old city hall that consumed the rear end of the building and with it, numerous priceless documents of the city.[25] When Batas Pambansa Blg. 51 was approved on December 22, 1979 and came into effect in 1980, the chartered City of Bacolod was converted into a highly urbanized city. The political relations with Negros Occidental were severed and the residents effectively lost their eligibility to vote for provincial officials because of this new status.[26] In January 1985, the original hardwood and coral structure of Palacio Episcopal was almost entirely destroyed by a fire. Among the damage of the raging fire were items of significant historical value. The reconstruction of Palacio which took more than two years, was completed in 1990.[27]

Geography

District map of Bacolod City

Bacolod City is located on the northwestern coast of the Province of Negros Occidental. It is bounded on the north by the City of Talisay; on the east by the town of Murcia; on the south by the City of Bago; and in the west by the Guimaras Strait. The global location of Bacolod City is 10 degrees, 40 minutes 40 seconds - north and 122 degrees 54 minutes 25 seconds - east with Bacolod Public Plaza as the benchmark.

Bacolod has a total land area of 16,145 hectares, including straits and bodies of water and the 124 hectare reclamation area; and is composed of 61 barangay (villages) and 639 purok (smaller units composing a village). It is accessible by sea through the ports of Banago; the BREDCO Port in the Reclamation Area, and the port of Pulupandan. By air, it is accessible through the New Bacolod-Silay International Airport, which is approximately 13 (four is counting from the Lagoon) kilometers away from the center of the city.

Bacolod is ideally located on a level area, slightly sloping as it extends toward the sea with an average slope of 0.9 percent for the city proper and between 3 to 5 percent for the suburbs. The altitude is 32.8 feet or 10.0 meters above sea level with the Bacolod City Public Plaza as the benchmark. Bacolod has two pronounced seasons, wet and dry. The rainy season starts from May to January of the following year with heavy rains occurring during the months of August and September. Dry season starts from the month of February until the last week of April.

Climate

Climate data for Bacolod City
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 31
(88) 		31
(88) 		32
(90) 		34
(93) 		33
(91) 		32
(90) 		31
(88) 		31
(88) 		31
(88) 		31
(88) 		32
(90) 		31
(88) 		31
(88)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 23
(73) 		23
(73) 		24
(75) 		25
(77) 		25
(77) 		25
(77) 		24
(75) 		24
(75) 		24
(75) 		24
(75) 		24
(75) 		24
(75) 		23
(73)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 39
(1.5) 		37
(1.5) 		38
(1.5) 		57
(2.2) 		156
(6.1) 		237
(9.3) 		376
(14.8) 		338
(13.3) 		250
(9.8) 		191
(7.5) 		134
(5.3) 		114
(4.5) 		1,967
(77.4)
Source 1: worldweatheronline.com
Source 2: www.myweather2.com

Barangays

Bacolod City is politically subdivided into 61 barangays.[2]

  • Alangilan
  • Alijis
  • Banago
  • Barangay 1 (Población)
  • Barangay 2 (Población)
  • Barangay 3 (Población)
  • Barangay 4 (Población)
  • Barangay 5 (Población)
  • Barangay 6 (Población)
  • Barangay 7 (Población)
  • Barangay 8 (Población)
  • Barangay 9 (Población)
  • Barangay 10 (Población)
  • Barangay 11 (Población)
  • Barangay 12 (Población)
  • Barangay 13 (Población)
  • Barangay 14 (Población)
  • Barangay 15 (Población)
  • Barangay 16 (Población)
  • Barangay 17 (Población)
  • Barangay 18 (Población)
  • Barangay 19 (Población)
  • Barangay 20 (Población)
  • Barangay 21 (Población)
  • Barangay 22 (Población)
  • Barangay 23 (Población)
  • Barangay 24 (Población)
  • Barangay 25 (Población)
  • Barangay 26 (Población)
  • Barangay 27 (Población)
  • Barangay 28 (Población)
  • Barangay 29 (Población)
  • Barangay 30 (Población)
  • Barangay 31 (Población)
  • Barangay 32 (Población)
  • Barangay 33 (Población)
  • Barangay 34 (Población)
  • Barangay 35 (Población)
  • Barangay 36 (Población)
  • Barangay 37 (Población)
  • Barangay 38 (Población)
  • Barangay 39 (Población)
  • Barangay 40 (Población)
  • Barangay 41 (Población)
  • Bata
  • Cabug
  • Estefanía
  • Felisa
  • Granada
  • Handumanan
  • Mandalagan
  • Mansilingan
  • Montevista
  • Pahanocoy
  • Punta Taytay
  • Singcang-Airport
  • Sum-ag
  • Taculing
  • Tangub
  • Villamonte
  • Vista Alegre

Demographics

Population census of Bacolod
YearPop.±% p.a.
1995 402,345—    
2000 429,076+1.39%
2007 499,497+2.12%
2010 511,820+0.89%
Source: National Statistics Office [4]

Economy

Business Process Outsourcing

TeleTech Bacolod

Bacolod has been recommended by the Department of Science and Technology's Information and Communication Technology Office (ICTO) and Business Processing Association of the Philippines (BPAP) as the best location in the Visayas for business process outsourcing activities (BPO).[28]

Bacolod is the Philippines' third fastest growing economy in terms of IT-BPO growth.[28]

Among the notable business process outsourcing companies operating in the city are Convergys, Teleperformance, TeleTech, Transcom, Panasiatic, Focus Direct, and Telequest.

Agriculture

Along its highways, sugarcane plantations are a typical scene. As of 2003, 7,216 hectares of the city’s 8,560 hectares of agricultural land were still planted to sugarcane. Meanwhile, 915 hectares were devoted to rice, 120 hectares to assorted vegetables, 100 hectares to coconut, 43 hectares to banana and 34 hectares to corn.[29]

Competitiveness

According to the "Philippine Cities Competitiveness Ranking Project 2005" of Asian Institute of Management (AIM), Bacolod tops the list in terms of infrastructure, ahead of such other mid-size cities like Iligan, Calamba, and General Santos. Bacolod also tops the list in terms of quality of life, ahead of such other mid-size cities like San Fernando, Baguio, Iloilo and Lipa. AIM also recognizes Bacolod as one of the Top Five most competitive mid-size cities together with Batangas, Iligan, Iloilo, and San Fernando.[30]

Sports

Football

Bacolod City hosted the 2005 Southeast Asian Games Football tournament, the 2007 ASEAN Football Championship qualification, the 2010 AFC U-16 Championship qualification and the 2012 AFC Challenge Cup qualification play-off first leg was held at the Panaad Stadium where the Philippines won 2–0 over Mongolia.[31] Likewise the city has the home football stadium of the Philippines national football team (Azkals).

Basketball

2008 PBA All-Star Weekend was held in the city and since then has been a regular venue of Philippine Basketball Association out-of-town games. Recently the Sandugo Unigames 2012 was hosted by the city participated by various universities around the country notably those who compete in the UAAP.

Karatedo

The 1996 Philippine Karatedo Federation (PKF) National Championships and the 20th PKF National Open 2007 were held in the city. Both events were hosted by La Salle Coliseum of the University of St. La Salle. The tournaments were participated by hundreds of karatekas all over the country. Homegrown team JJS Karatedo initiated by sensei Randy Mengullo garnered medals in these championships.[32][33]

Golf

There are two major golf courses in the city; the Bacolod Golf and Country Club and the Negros Occidental Golf and Country Club. The city hosted the 61st Philippine Airlines Inter-club Golf Tournament and the 2008 Philippine Amateur Golf Championship. A Golf tournament sponsored by the City Mayor is also held every Masskara.

Mixed Martial Arts

Bacolod City is home to many mixed martial arts competitions including quarterly fights hosted by the URCC.

Infrastructure

Panaad Stadium

Main article: Panaad Stadium
File:Panaadazkals-own.jpg
The Panaad Stadium featuring the Philippine Azkals.

The Panaad Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in the city. It is currently used mostly for football matches, and it serves as the home football stadium of the . It was used for the 2005 South East Asian Games. It was the venue of the pre-qualifiers of the 2007 ASEAN Football Championship or ASEAN Cup, in which the Philippines, Cambodia, East Timor, Brunei and Laos participated. The stadium has a seating capacity of 15,500, but holds around 20,000 people with standing areas. It is unofficially designated as the home stadium of the Philippines national football team. Aside from the football field, it also has a rubberized track oval, an Olympic-size swimming pool and other sports facilities.

The stadium is also the home of Panaad Festival, a week-long celebration participated in by all cities and municipalities in the province held annually every summer. The festival is highlighted by merry-making and field demonstrations at the stadium. The stadium itself features replicas of the landmarks of the 13 cities and municipalities of Negros Occidental.

Bacolod Public Plaza

Main article: Bacolod Public Plaza

The Bacolod Public Plaza is one of the notable landmarks in Bacolod City the capital of Negros Occidental which is found right in the heart of down town area, very near to the city hall and right across the San Sebastian Cathedral. The plaza is a trapezoidal park with a belt of trees all around the periphery and a gazeebo/bandstand at the center. Scattered within the trees are four circular fountains.

The Plaza was constructed back in 1927 as a place for recreation, political, spiritual and cultural activities; it seems to be quite a popular site for outdoor picnic and concerts. The gazeebo/bandstand is often where the stage is located and this is quite apt since inscribed along the sides of the roofing are the names of Western musical composers like Beethoven, Wagner, Haydn, and Mozart.

The plaza is the celebrated place of MassKara Festival.[34] It is a week-long festival held each year in Bacolod City every third weekend of October nearest October 19, the city's Charter Anniversary. Bacolod public plaza is the final destination of Masskara street dancing competitions which is the highlights of the celebration.

File:Picisto-20121107194304-252500.jpg
Sculptures on the Northern and Southern ends of the Lagoon respectively

Capitol Park & Lagoon

Main article: Capitol Park and Lagoon

The Capitol Park and Lagoon is a provincial park located right in the heart of Bacolod City, Negros Occidental, in the Philippines. One of the landmarks of the park is the carabao (water buffalo) being pulled by a woman. This carabao is located at the northern end of the lagoon. On the other end, there is also another carabao sculpture but the figure is being pulled by a man.

Transportation

Bacolod-Silay International Airport

The Bacolod-Silay International Airport terminal building
Main article: Bacolod-Silay International Airport

The Bacolod-Silay International Airport, located in nearby Silay City, is 15 kilometers north-east from Bacolod. The P4.37-billion airport is capable of handling all-weather and night-landing operations. Its 2,000-meter (6,600 ft.) long and 45-meter (148 ft.) wide primary runway, and 678-meter by 23-meter taxiways can accommodate Airbus A320 family-size aircraft, and the Boeing 737, while the apron can hold five aircraft at any one time. The runway runs in a direction of 03°/21°. Provisions for a 500-meter (1,600 ft) expansion of the present runway in order to accommodate even larger aircraft like the Boeing 747 and the Airbus A340 are in place.

Bacolod is 45 minutes by air from Ninoy Aquino International Airport and 30 minutes by air from Mactan-Cebu International Airport. Commercial airlines operating in Bacolod are Philippine Airlines, Cebu Pacific Air, PAL Express, Zest Airways and South East Asian Airlines

Bacolod City Domestic Airport

Exterior of Bacolod City Domestic Airport
Main article: Bacolod City Domestic Airport

Bacolod City Domestic Airport was the airport serving the general area of Bacolod. It was one of the busiest airports in the Western Visayas region and was one of four trunkline airports, or major commercial domestic airports, in the region, the others being Mandurriao Airport in Iloilo City, Roxas Airport in Roxas City and Puerto Princesa Airport in Puerto Princesa. This airport was replaced by the new Bacolod-Silay International Airport, located in nearby Silay City. It was classified as such by the Air Transportation Office, a body of the Department of Transportation and Communications that is responsible for the operations of all other airports in the Philippines except the major international airports. The Bacolod City Domestic Airport ceased operations on January 17, 2008, prior to the opening of the Bacolod-Silay International Airport which began operations the day after.[35]

Ports

Banago Wharf and BREDCO Port are the vessels entry point in Bacolod. It has daily access to Iloilo, with different shipping lines such as Supercat, Weesam Express, Ocean Jet, Montenegro Lines, Jomalia Shipping and Tri Star megalink. There are also access routes to Puerto Princesa City via Iloilo City, Cagayan de Oro City, General Santos City., Zamboanga City, Cotabato City, Butuan City via Cagayan de Oro route, Dipolog City Iligan City, Ozamiz City, and Surigao City via Cagayan de Oro route served by different shipping lines such as Negros Navigation and SuperFerry. By boat, Bacolod City is 18–23 hours from the Port of Manila, 2-3hrs from Dumangas Port and 45 minutes- 1hr from the Port of Iloilo.

Land routes

The Lacson-Circumferential Flyover in Bacolod City

Bacolod City has two main roads, Lacson Street to the north and Araneta Street to the south. The city has a good traffic plan lay-out and very seldom has traffic jams. The streets in the downtown area are one way, making Bacolod free from traffic congestion. Recently, Bacolod City is experiencing an increase in traffic congestion due to an increase in number of vehicles and a perceived lack of implementation of traffic rules by the local government.[36]

By land-RORO-land, Bacolod City is approximately 3 hours from Iloilo City via Dumangas route. By land-ferry-land, Bacolod City is approximately 4 hours and 30 minutes from Cebu City via Toledo City-San Carlos City-Salvador Benedicto-Murcia route. By land-RORO-land, Bacolod City is approximately 6 hours and 30 minutes from Cebu City via Tabuelan-Escalante City route.

Notable people

Entertainment

Literature

Politics

Religion

Sports

Sister cities

Bacolod City has the following sister cities:[39][40][41][42][43]

Column-generating template families

The templates listed here are not interchangeable. For example, using {{col-float}} with {{col-end}} instead of {{col-float-end}} would leave a <div>...</div> open, potentially harming any subsequent formatting.

Column templates
Type Family
Handles wiki
table code?†
 Responsive/
mobile suited 		Start template Column divider End template
Float "col-float" Yes Yes {{col-float}} {{col-float-break}} {{col-float-end}}
"columns-start" Yes Yes {{columns-start}} {{column}} {{columns-end}}
Columns "div col" Yes Yes {{div col}} – {{div col end}}
"columns-list" No Yes {{columns-list}} (wraps div col) – –
Flexbox "flex columns" No Yes {{flex columns}} – –
Table "col" Yes No {{col-begin}},
{{col-begin-fixed}} or
{{col-begin-small}} 		{{col-break}} or
{{col-2}} .. {{col-5}} 		{{col-end}}

† Can template handle the basic wiki markup {| | || |- |} used to create tables? If not, special templates that produce these elements (such as {{(!}}, {{!}}, {{!!}}, {{!-}}, {{!)}})—or HTML tags (<table>...</table>, <tr>...</tr>, etc.)—need to be used instead.

See also

References

  1. ^ "Cities". Quezon City, Philippines: Department of the Interior and Local Government. Retrieved 2013-04-05.
  2. ^ a b "Province: Negros Occidental". PSGC Interactive. Makati City, Philippines: National Statistical Coordination Board. Retrieved 2013-04-05. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  3. ^ "NATURAL AND PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS". Retrieved 2010-06-19.
  4. ^ a b "Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay: as of May 1, 2010" (PDF). 2010 Census of Population and Housing. National Statistics Office. Retrieved 2013-04-05. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  5. ^ "Highly-urbanized Cities". Retrieved 2010-06-16. [dead link‍]
  6. ^ "Philippines population". National Statistics Office of the Republic of the Philippines. Archived from the original on 2012-06-25. Retrieved 2013-04-05. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  7. ^ "Building Globally Competitive Metro Areas in the Philippines" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 July 2010. Retrieved 2010-06-16. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  8. ^ Ledesma, Jun (2008-04-01). "Ledesma:Best Place to Live in Davao City". Sunstar Global Davao. Retrieved 2008-05-29.
  9. ^ "Bacolod City ranks third in RP's Next Wave Cities". Retrieved 2010-06-27.
  10. ^ "Bacolod ranks 3rd among top 10 'next wave' cities". Archived from the original on 28 June 2010. Retrieved 2010-06-27. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  11. ^ "VISAYAN-ENGLISH DICTIONARY (KAPULÚNGAN BINISAYÁ-ININGLÍS)" (PDF). Retrieved 2010-06-15.
  12. ^ "The Official Website of Bacolod City". Archived from the original on 27 April 2010. Retrieved 2010-05-03. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  13. ^ http://ilongo.weebly.com/iloilo-history-part-1.html
  14. ^ a b "BACOLOD, The City of Smiles". Archived from the original on 9 June 2010. Retrieved 2010-05-03. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  15. ^ a b "Negros, the Island that Sugar Built". Retrieved 2010-05-03.
  16. ^ a b c "Bacolod City Tour". Retrieved 2010-05-03.
  17. ^ "Historical Perspective of the Philippine Educational System". Archived from the original on 22 July 2010. Retrieved 2010-07-07. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  18. ^ "EDUCATION". Retrieved 2010-07-07.
  19. ^ "The Negros Occidental High School History". Retrieved 2010-06-14.
  20. ^ "LCC holds alumni night". Retrieved 2010-06-14.
  21. ^ "The Early History of La Consolacion College Bacolod". Retrieved 2010-06-14.
  22. ^ "COMMONWEALTH ACT NO. 326". Retrieved 2010-06-14.
  23. ^ "COMMONWEALTH ACT NO. 404". Retrieved 2010-06-14.
  24. ^ "BARANGAY ALANGILAN KALAPARAN THEN AND NOW". Retrieved 2010-06-14.
  25. ^ "THE BACOLOD CITY HALL STORY". Retrieved 2010-06-14.
  26. ^ "BATAS PAMBANSA BILANG 51". Retrieved 2010-06-16.
  27. ^ "Philippines / West Visayas / Negros / Bacolod City / Attractions". Retrieved 2010-06-14.
  28. ^ a b "DOST recommends top cities to locate your BPO operation in the Philippines". Department of Science and Technology (Philippines). April 2, 2012. Retrieved 2012-05-16.
  29. ^ Bitagun, Karen B. "The Future Smiles On The City Of Smiles", Philippine Business. Retrieved on May 11, 2008.
  30. ^ "Pinoy Cities on the Rise - The Philippine Cities Competitiveness Ranking Project 2005 National Presentation of Results", Asian Institute of Management. Retrieved on May 11, 2008.
  31. ^ Leyba, Olmin (February 10, 2011). "Nation toasts Azkal's 2-0 win". The Philippine Star.
  32. ^ PKF and POF National Karatedo Winners,Team Jack & Jill School, Sunstar September 26, 2007
  33. ^ Karatedo Winners, NOKAF Karatedo, Visayan Daily Star September 17, 2007 edition
  34. ^ Masskara Festival,Sunstar, October 05, 2008 edition
  35. ^ Gomez, Carla P. (2008-01-17). "Bacolod mayor snubbed in airport inauguration?". Visayan Daily Star Publications, Inc. p. 1. Archived from the original on 2008-01-18. Retrieved 2008-01-17.
  36. ^ "Bacolod City". {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)[dead link‍]
  37. ^ Alcazaren, Paulo (30 April 2011). "More Azkals and a national stadium". PhilSTAR.com. Retrieved 2012-06-06.
  38. ^ Galunan Jr., Gerome (2008-04-10). "Fernandez to grace Monico Cup 19-U". Sun.Star Bacolod. Archived from the original on 12 June 2008. Retrieved 2008-06-08. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  39. ^ "Highlights of the City". Public Information - Office of the City Mayor (Bacolod City). Retrieved 2008-08-17.
  40. ^ "Bacolod City wants to establish business relations with sister cities". Visayan Daily Star. 2006-05-17. Archived from the original on 2006-10-21. Retrieved 2013-04-05. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  41. ^ "Naga City: Inside Cityhall - Executive Orders: Culture and Heritage, and Naming of Streets". Naga City Local Government. 2003. Retrieved 2008-09-24.
  42. ^ "Bacolod forges ties with cities in Indonesia and South Korea". GMANews.TV. 2008-10-04. Retrieved 2008-10-09.
  43. ^ "Bacolod inks sister ties with Korean city". Visayan Daily Star. 2012-10-16. Retrieved 2012-10-16.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bacolod City.
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