Racialized society
A racialized society is a society where socioeconomic inequality, residential segregation and low intermarriage rates are the norm, where humans’ definitions of personal identity and choices of intimate relationships reveal racial distinctiveness, and where “people are seldom unaware of the race of a person with whom they interact.”
A racialized society is a society where perceived race matters profoundly for life experiences, opportunities, and interpersonal relationships.
A racialized society can also be said to be “a society that allocates differential economic, political, social, and even psychological rewards to groups along perceived racial lines; lines that are socially constructed.”[1][2]
United States
It is argued that racial/ethnic identity are not separate or autonomous categories and what is called 'racial categories' in the United States are actually racialized ethnic categories.[3]
The United States society is considered a racialized society in which divisions between the racial/ethnic groups are given. Critical race theory notes that racism is normal and is engrained [sic] in the fabric and system of the American society.[4][5] There are ongoing racial disparities between in the United States in employment, housing, religion, and race-conscious institutions.[6] A "privileged/non-privileged dynamic" exists whether or not people want to recognize it. This means that cultural practice assigns value and assumed competence to people who have certain characteristics or features. The social psychological approach maintains that prejudice socialized early in life feeds racial stereotypes.[7][2]
It is often said that social interaction is infused with a privileged / non-privileged dynamic which is defined by racial identity — is very complex issue. Racialization hurts both the privileged and the non-privileged, but hurts the non-privileged most.[2]
Until the 1960s there was legal racist discrimination in the United States. The end of legal discrimination produced major improvements, but scarcely was successful in wiping the slate clean of many legacies of more than three centuries of formalized inequality. Even after the era of official social discrimination and segregation the designated practices kept African Americans in lower-caste status. Racial problems has later become viewed as the nation's "most important problems" and many observers felt that the United States was in a state of racial crisis. Racially related issues, such as welfare, crime, segregation, "permissive judges", affirmative action, group based rights, difference-blind treatment, and government regulation and state neutrality with respect to group, have been the subject of strenuous political debate and draconian legislation in the past three decades. Significant racial gaps in most domains of the quality of life continue to exist. Effect standards for the elimination of discrimination are often described as race-conscious remedies, have been intensely debated. Supporters argue that institutional racism have been so deeply and subtly embedded in the entire fabric of the American society that little would have changed if more proactive methods had not been used.[7]
See also
References
- ^ Drew G.I. Hard Racialized society 2009-11-09
- ^ a b c David K. Clark, Bethel University BARRC Sociological Theory
- ^ Ramán Grosfoguel, University of California, Berkeley, USA Race and Ethnicity or Racialized Ethnicities? December 1, 2011 11: 436-466
- ^ "What Is Critical Race Theory?". UCLA School of Public Affairs. Retrieved 11 March 2012.
- ^ Gloria Ladson-Billings Just what is critical race theory and what's it doing in a nice field like education? International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education, 2010-11-25, DOI:10.1080/095183998236863
- ^ Jeffrey St. John, Gregory J. Shepherd, Ted Striphas Communication as... Perspectives on Theory 2006 Sage Publications
- ^ a b David O. Sears (UCLA), James Sidainus (UCLA), Lawrence Bobo (Harvard) Racialized Politics: The Debate about Racism in America University of Chicago Press, Publication Date: 2000-02-15; Contributors are Lawrence Bobo, Gretchen C. Crosby, Michael C. Dawson, Christopher Federico, P. J. Henry, John J. Hetts, Jennifer L. Hochschild, William G. Howell, Michael Hughes, Donald R. Kinder, Rick Kosterman, Tali Mendelberg, Thomas F. Pettigrew, Howard Schuman, David O. Sears, James Sidanius, Pam Singh, Paul M. Sniderman, Marylee C. Taylor, and Steven A. Tuch | ISBN 0226744078 | ISBN 978-0226744070 | Edition: 1