Urban rail transit in India
Rapid Transit in India consists of metro, monorail and light rail systems. The first rapid transit system in India was the Kolkata Metro, which started operations in 1984. It was followed by the Chennai Mass Rapid Transit System, which started operations in 1995. The Delhi Metro was India's first modern metro and the third metro overall, beginning operations in 2002. Rapid Metro Rail Gurgaon, which starts operations in September 2013, will be India's first privately owned and operated metro.[1]
In 2009, it was decided to invest ₹200,000 crore (US$23.4 billion) on metro rail projects in the following ten years.[2] It is planned that all Indian cities having population more that 20 lakhs will have metro rail system.[3] Currently, rapid transit systems have been deployed in these cities and more are under construction or in planning in several major cities of India.
Metro
Green background for the systems that are under-construction. Blue background for the systems that are currently in planning.
| City | System | Start of operations | System Length | No of Lines | Notes | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IO1 | P2 | UC3 | ||||||
| Kolkata | Kolkata Metro | 24 October 1984 | 120.03 km | 1 | 14 | 5 | First Mass Rapid Transit System in India. | |
| Chennai | Chennai MRTS | 1 November 1995 | 40.34 km | 1 | It is planned for the MRTS to be taken over by the Chennai Metro Rail Limited once the Chennai Metro becomes operational. 2nd mass rapid transit system after Kolkata. | |||
| Delhi | Delhi Metro | 24 December 2002 | 189.7 km | 6 | 2 | |||
| Bangalore | Namma Metro | 20 October 2011 | 6.7 km | 1 | 2 | 1 | ||
| Gurgaon | Rapid Metro Rail Gurgaon | 2013 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Jaipur | Jaipur Metro | 2013 | 2 | 1 | ||||
| Chennai | Chennai Metro | 2014 | 2 | |||||
| Mumbai | Mumbai Metro | 2014 | 7 | 1 | Implemented partially in EPC and partially in PPP mode. | |||
| Navi Mumbai | Navi Mumbai Metro | 2014 | 5 | 1 | ||||
| Kochi | Kochi Metro | 2016 | 1 | |||||
| Hyderabad | Hyderabad Metro | 2015 | 3 | Hyderabad Metro Rail project has been selected as one of the top 100 strategic global infrastructure projects to be showcased at the forthcoming Global Infrastructure Leadership Forum being held in New York during February–March, 2013.[4][5] It is the only metro in India to be implemented entirely on PPP mode, with the state government holding a minority equity stake.[6] | ||||
| Ahmedabad & Gandhinagar | MetroLink Express Gandhinagar and Ahmedabad (MEGA) | 2015 | 5 | |||||
| Bhopal | Bhopal Metro | 3 | ||||||
| Chandigarh | Chandigarh Metro | 2018 | 7 | |||||
| Indore | Indore Metro | 2019 | 3 | |||||
| Kanpur | Kanpur Metro | 2017 | 8 | |||||
| Lucknow | Lucknow Metro | 2018 | 3 | |||||
| Ludhiana | Ludhiana Metro | 2017-18 | 2 | |||||
| Nagpur | Nagpur Metro | |||||||
| Patna | Patna Metro | 2016 | 2 | |||||
| Pune | Pune Metro | 2018 | 4 | |||||
| Surat | Surat Metro | 3 | ||||||
| Mumbai | Western railway elevated corridor | 2020 | 63.27 km | 1 | ||||
| Guwahati | Guwahati Metro | 44.2 km | 2 | |||||
1In operation Number of lines currently operating. Line is considered to be operating if services are running on at least one section.
2Planned Lines that are planned to be built but construction has not yet started
3Under construction Number of lines currently under construction. Does not include lines that are "In operation".
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Kolkata Metro train -
MRTS train in Chennai -
Delhi Metro train -
Namma Metro train in Bangalore
Metro rail lines in India are composed of both Standard gauge and Broad gauge. Projects like the Delhi Metro used Broad Gauge for their earliest lines but most new projects in India are on standard gauge as rolling stock imported from Europe is on Standard Gauge. One exception is the Ahmedabad Metro, which will use Broad gauge, as there is more place available inside the coach.[7] In the long term, using Broad gauge may also allow for freight movement of containers from the Indian Railway network on the Metro train network and increased capacity within the train cars.
Monorail
The first monorail in India was the Patiala State Monorail Trainways which opened in February 1907 and closed in 1927.[8][9] A monorail system was also operated in Kerala, which was eventually converted into a narrow gauge line.[10]
The Mumbai Monorail will be the first monorail in India[11] (excluding the Skybus Metro Test Track in Goa) since the closing of the Patiala State Monorail Trainways in 1927. The first portion of the first line is scheduled to be operational by December 2012. Many other Indian cities have Monorail projects, as a feeder system to the Metro, in different phases of planning.
Pink background for the systems that are terminated.Green background for the systems that are under-construction. Blue background for the systems that are currently in planning.
| City | System | Start of operations | System length (km) | No of Lines | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IO1 | P2 | UC3 | ||||
| Munnar | Kundala Valley Railway | 1902 | 5 km | 1 | ||
| Patiala | Patiala State Monorail Trainways | 1907 | 80 km | 1 | ||
| Palakkad and Thrissur | Cochin State Forest Tramway | 1907 | 79.5 km | 1 | ||
| Margao | Skybus Metro | 2004 | 1.6 km | 1 | ||
| Mumbai | Mumbai Monorail | 2013 | 19.54 km | 1 | ||
| Chennai | Chennai Monorail | 2014 | 57 km | 3 | ||
| Thiruvananthapuram | Thiruvananthapuram Monorail | 2016 | 41.8 km | 2 | ||
| Bangalore | Bangalore Monorail | 60 km | ||||
| Coimbatore | Coimbatore Monorail | |||||
| Delhi | Delhi Monorail | 90 km | ||||
| Indore | Indore Monorail | - | ||||
| Kanpur | Kanpur Monorail | 63 km | ||||
| Kolkata | Kolkata Monorail | 72 km | ||||
| Kozhikode | Kozhikode Monorail | 2015 | 14.5 km | 2 | ||
| Navi Mumbai | Navi Mumbai Monorail | 36.82 km | ||||
| Patna | Patna Monorail | 32 km | ||||
| Pune | Pune Monorail | 52 km | ||||
| Ahmedabad | Ahmedabad Monorail | 30 km | 4 | |||
| Aizawl | Aizawl Monorail | 5 km | ||||
1In operation Number of lines currently operating. Line is considered to be operating if services are running on at least one section.
2Planned Lines that are planned to be built but construction has not yet started
3Under construction Number of lines currently under construction. Does not include lines that are "In operation".
Light rail
![[icon]](/enwiki/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg){kind=small} | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (July 2013) |
Green background for the systems that are currently under construction. Blue background for the systems that are currently in planning.
| System | City | Opening Year | System length (km) | No. of lines | No. of lines under construction |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Delhi Light Rail Transit | Delhi | 45 | 3 | ||
| Kolkata LRTS | Kolkata | 2 |
1In operation Number of lines currently operating. Line is considered to be operating if services are running on at least one section.
2Planned Lines that are planned to be built but construction has not yet started
3Under construction Number of lines currently under construction. Does not include lines that are "In operation".
Legal
Initially, state governments attempted to implement metro rail projects through various Tramways Act. However, the Commissioner of Railways Safety (CRS), who operates under the Ministry of Civil Aviation, is tasked with providing safety certification for metro rail projects. The CRS refused safety certification unless the projects were implemented under a Metro Act enacted by the state government and published in The Gazette of India.[12] Research Design and Standards Organization (RDSO), another railway entity, also refuses certification to projects not implemented under the criteria. Subsequently, several state governments have enacted their own Metro Acts.[12]
Construction of metros in India are governed by the centrally enacted "The Metro Railways (Construction Of Works) Act, 1978" which defines itself as an act to provide for the construction of works relating to metro railways in the metropolitan cities and for matters connected therewith.[13] Operation and maintenance of metros is governed by "The Delhi Metro Railway (Operation and Maintenance) Act, 2002". Both laws were amended in 2009 with the passing of "The Metro Railways (Amendment) Act, 2009".[14] The amendment expanded the coverage of both the acts to all metropolitan areas of India.
According to Ministry of Urban Development (India) Kamal Nath, ""Since the Metro rail is a central subject, it has been decided that all such projects in the country, whether within one municipal area or beyond, shall be taken up under the Central Metro Acts."[15]
See also
- List of rapid transit systems
- List of monorail systems
- List of tram and light-rail transit systems
- Skybus Metro
- High speed rail in India
References
- ^ Rapid Metro work in last leg, to start by September
- ^ "India to invest Rs 200,000 crore in Metro rail in 10 years". The Times Of India. 2009-09-11.
- ^ "'Indian cities can't do without a Metro' - The Times of India". The Times Of India.
- ^ "TheHindu.com Metro in best 100 global projects". www.thehindubusinessline.com.
- ^ "DeccanChronicle.com metro-among-100-global-projects". metro-among-100-global-projects.
- ^ "EPC vs PPP in metro rail". Projectsmonitor.com. 2007-12-02. Retrieved 2012-12-14.
- ^ http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/news-by-industry/transportation/railways/ahmedabad-metro-to-be-driverless-gets-a-nod-for-broad-gauge/articleshow/21360511.cms
- ^ "A mono-tramway opened in February, 1907 connects Basi with railway at Sirhind". Dsal.uchicago.edu. Retrieved 2012-12-14.
- ^ Unusual railways by Mr. J. R. Day and Mr. B. G. Wilson
- ^ "Mumbai-made monorail ran 100 years ago - Analysis - DNA". Dnaindia.com. 2012-11-07. Retrieved 2012-12-14.
- ^ "Mumbai monorail to run in two years". The Times of India. 2007-09-27. Retrieved 2009-03-19.
- ^ a b B V Shiv Shankar, TNN Mar 1, 2012, 02.06AM IST (2012-03-01). "Metro rail may need to get its act together". The Times of India. Retrieved 2012-12-14.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ "The Metro Railways (Construction Of Works) Act, 1978". Indiankanoon.org. Retrieved 2012-12-14.
- ^ http://urbanindia.nic.in/programme/ut/Metro.pdf
- ^ http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/metro-rail-intra-city-commuting/1/160680.html
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