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MongoDB

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MongoDB
Developer(s)MongoDB Inc.
Initial release2009 (2009)
Stable release
2.4.6 / 20 August 2013 (2013-08-20)
Preview release
2.5.2 / 26 August 2013 (2013-08-26)
Repository
Written inC++
Operating systemCross-platform
Available inEnglish
TypeDocument-oriented database
LicenseGNU AGPL v3.0 (drivers: Apache license)
Websitewww.mongodb.org

MongoDB (from "humongous") is a cross-platform document-oriented database system. Classified as a "NoSQL" database, MongoDB eschews the traditional table-based relational database structure in favor of JSON-like documents with dynamic schemas (MongoDB calls the format BSON), making the integration of data in certain types of applications easier and faster. Released under a combination of the GNU Affero General Public License and the Apache License, MongoDB is free and open source software.

First developed by the New York City-based company 10gen (now MongoDB Inc.) in October 2007 as a component of a planned platform as a service product, the company shifted to an open source development model in 2009, with 10gen offering commercial support and other services.[1] Since then, MongoDB has been adopted as backend software by a number of major websites and services, including Craigslist, eBay, Foursquare, SourceForge, and The New York Times, among others. MongoDB is the most popular NoSQL database system.[2]

History

Development of MongoDB began in 2007, when the company (then named 10gen) was building a platform as a service similar to Windows Azure or Google App Engine.[3] In 2009, MongoDB was open sourced as a stand-alone product[4] with an AGPL license.

In March 2010, from version 1.4, MongoDB has been considered production ready.[5]

The latest stable version, 2.4.6, was released on August 20, 2013.

Licensing and support

MongoDB is available for free under the GNU Affero General Public License.[4] The language drivers are available under an Apache License. In addition, MongoDB Inc. offers commercial licenses for MongoDB.[6]

Main features

The following is a brief summary of some of the main features:

Ad hoc queries
MongoDB supports search by field, range queries, regular expression searches. Queries can return specific fields of documents and also include user-defined JavaScript functions.
Indexing
Any field in a MongoDB document can be indexed (indices in MongoDB are conceptually similar to those in RDBMSes). Secondary indices are also available.
Replication
MongoDB supports master-slave replication. A master can perform reads and writes. A slave copies data from the master and can only be used for reads or backup (not writes). The slaves have the ability to select a new master if the current one goes down.
Load balancing
MongoDB scales horizontally using sharding.[7] The developer chooses a shard key, which determines how the data in a collection will be distributed. The data is split into ranges (based on the shard key) and distributed across multiple shards. (A shard is a master with one or more slaves.)
MongoDB can run over multiple servers, balancing the load and/or duplicating data to keep the system up and running in case of hardware failure. Automatic configuration is easy to deploy, and new machines can be added to a running database.
File storage
MongoDB could be used as a file system, taking advantage of load balancing and data replication features over multiple machines for storing files.
This function, called GridFS,[8] is included with MongoDB drivers and available with no difficulty for development languages (see "Language Support" for a list of supported languages). MongoDB exposes functions for file manipulation and content to developers. GridFS is used, for example, in plugins for NGINX[9] and lighttpd.[10]
In a multi-machine MongoDB system, files can be distributed and copied multiple times between machines transparently, thus effectively creating a load balanced and fault tolerant system.
Aggregation
MapReduce can be used for batch processing of data and aggregation operations. The aggregation framework enables users to obtain the kind of results for which the SQL GROUP BY clause is used.
Server-side JavaScript execution
JavaScript can be used in queries, aggregation functions (such as MapReduce), are sent directly to the database to be executed.
Capped collections
MongoDB supports fixed-size collections called capped collections. This type of collection maintains insertion order and, once the specified size has been reached, behaves like a circular queue.

For further information on the points listed look up the MongoDB Developer Manual

Language support

MongoDB has official drivers for a variety of popular programming languages and development environments.[11] Web programming language Opa also has built-in support for MongoDB, which is tightly integrated in the language and offers a type-safety layer on top of MongoDB.[12] There are also a large number of unofficial or community-supported drivers for other programming languages and frameworks.[11]

HTTP/REST interfaces

There are REST and HTTP interfaces that allow the manipulation of MongoDB entries via HTTP GET, POST, UPDATE, and DELETE calls.[13]

Management and graphical front-ends

MongoDB tools

In a MongoDB installation the following commands are available:

mongo
MongoDB offers an interactive shell called mongo,[14] which lets developers view, insert, remove, and update data in their databases, as well as get replication information, set up sharding, shut down servers, execute JavaScript, and more.
Administrative information can also be accessed through a web interface,[15] a simple webpage that serves information about the current server status. By default, this interface is 1000 ports above the database port (28017).
mongostat
mongostat[16] is a command-line tool that displays a summary list of status statistics for a currently running MongoDB instance: how many inserts, updates, removes, queries, and commands were performed, as well as what percentage of the time the database was locked and how much memory it is using. This tool is similar to the UNIX/Linux vmstat utility.
mongotop
mongotop[17] is a command-line tool providing a method to track the amount of time a MongoDB instance spends reading and writing data. mongotop provides statistics on the per-collection level. By default, mongotop returns values every second. This tool is similar to the UNIX/Linux top utility.
mongosniff
mongosniff[18] is a command-line tool providing a low-level tracing/sniffing view into database activity by monitoring (or "sniffing") network traffic going to and from MongoDB. mongosniff requires the Libpcap network library and is only available for Unix-like systems. A cross-platform alternative is the open source Wireshark packet analyzer which has full support for the MongoDB wire protocol.
mongoimport, mongoexport
mongoimport[19] is a command-line utility to import content from a JSON, CSV, or TSV export created by mongoexport[20] or potentially other third-party data exports. Usage information can be found in the MongoDB Manual's section on Importing and Exporting MongoDB Data.
mongodump, mongorestore
mongodump[21] is a command-line utility for creating a binary export of the contents of a Mongo database; mongorestore[22] can be used to reload a database dump. Data backup strategies and considerations are detailed in the MongoDB Manual's section on Backup and Restoration Strategies.

Monitoring plugins

There are MongoDB monitoring plugins available for the following network tools:

More monitoring and diagnostic tools for MongoDB are listed on MongoDB Admin Zone: Monitoring and Diagnostics

Cloud-based monitoring services

Web and desktop application GUIs

Several GUIs have been created by MongoDB's developer community to help visualize their data. Some popular ones are:

Open source tools

  • RockMongo: PHP-based MongoDB administration GUI tool
  • phpMoAdmin: another PHP GUI that runs entirely from a single 95kb self-configuring file
  • UMongo: a desktop application for all platforms.
  • Mongo3: a Ruby-based interface.
  • Meclipse: Eclipse plugin for interacting with MongoDB
  • MongoHub: a freeware native Mac OS X application for managing MongoDB. Version for other operating systems is built on Titanium Desktop.
  • mViewer: A simple web-based Administration and Management Tool for MongoDB written in Java.
  • MongoDBPumper: a commercial high-performance data migration solution to provide export and import functionality between Oracle and MongoDB databases.

More client tools for MongoDB are listed on MongoDB Administrator Manual

Business intelligence tools and solutions

  • Jaspersoft BI: Java based Report Designer and Report Server that supports MongoDB
  • Pentaho: MongoDB connectors for Pentaho Kettle and Pentaho BI[23]
  • RJMetrics: A hosted Business Intelligence Solution that supports MongoDB.
  • eCommerce Analytics: eCommerce Analytics Software that supports MongoDB data analysis.
  • Nucleon BI Studio: MS Windows based business intelligence software that supports MongoDB and other RDBMS.
  • LVMetrics:A custom built cloud hosted mongoDB database built to store 'schema-less' data in Digital Analytics

Production Deployments

Some of the prominent users of MongoDB include:[24]

See also

References

  1. ^ "10gen embraces what it created, becomes MongoDB Inc". Gigaom. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
  2. ^ "DB-Engines Ranking". Retrieved 8 September 2013.
  3. ^ MongoDB daddy: My baby beats Google BigTable
  4. ^ a b The MongoDB NoSQL Database Blog, The AGPL
  5. ^ The MongoDB NoSQL Database Blog, MongoDB 1.4 Ready for Production
  6. ^ MongoDB Support by 10gen
  7. ^ Article "Sharding" on MongoDB Administrator's Manual
  8. ^ GridFS article on MongoDB Developer's Manual
  9. ^ NGINX plugin for MongoDB source code
  10. ^ lighttpd plugin for MongoDB source code
  11. ^ a b "MongoDB Drivers and Client Libraries — MongoDB Ecosystem 2.2.2". Mongodb.org. Retrieved 2013-07-08.
  12. ^ / (2012-11-27). "The database · MLstate/opalang Wiki · GitHub". Github.com. Retrieved 2013-07-08. {{cite web}}: |author= has numeric name (help)
  13. ^ HTTP Interface. Mongodb.org (2010-02-22). Retrieved on 2013-09-18.
  14. ^ mongo - The Interactive Shell
  15. ^ HTTP Console
  16. ^ mongostat Manual
  17. ^ mongotop Manual
  18. ^ mongosniff Manual
  19. ^ mongoimport Manual
  20. ^ mongoexport Manual
  21. ^ mongodump Manual
  22. ^ mongorestore Manual
  23. ^ Pentaho for MongoDB. Pentahobigdata.com. Retrieved on 2013-09-18.
  24. ^ Production Deployments
  25. ^ Lessons Learned from Migrating 2+ Billion Documents at Craigslist
  26. ^ The Quest to Understand the Use of MongoDB in the SAP PaaS
  27. ^ Supporting Distributed Global Workforce of Contributors with MongoDB
  28. ^ NYT + MongoDB in Production
  29. ^ Scaling SourceForge with MongoDB
  30. ^ How Codeacademy is Using MongoDB
  31. ^ Real World NoSQL: MongoDB at Shutterfly
  32. ^ Here's How We Think Of Shutterfly's Stock Value
  33. ^ MongoDB at The Guardian
  34. ^ Holy Large Hadron Collider, Batman!
  35. ^ Experiences Deploying MongoDB on AWS
  36. ^ MongoDB at eBay

Bibliography

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