Huilatherium
| Huilatherium Temporal range: Middle Miocene
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| Genus: | Huilatherium† Villarroel & Guerrero, 1985
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Huilatherium is an extinct genus of leontiniid, a group of hoofed mammals belonging to the order Notoungulata, that comprising other South American ungulates families that evolved in parallel with some mammals of the Northern hemisphere. The leontiinids were a family of herbivorous species comprising medium to large browsers,[2] with relatively short skulls and robust limbs, somewhat similar to their relatives, the best known toxodontids.
Huilatherium was discovered in Colombia, in the fossil site of La Venta in the department of Huila, which takes its name (which means "Huila beast"), with a single species known so far, H. pluriplicatum. This species was initially described based in a left maxillary deciduous teeth of a juvenile, which was reported by Colwell in 1965 as possible leontiinid, to which he applied the scientific name of "Laventatherium hylei" ("beast of La Venta"),[1] but since he made his description in a master's thesis and it was never published, the authors Villarroel and Guerrero Díaz ignore this report and describe the material again, this time as Huilatherium,[3] which despite being named after "Laventatherium" is the official name since the former does not satisfy the rules of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature for publication of scientific names.[3]
Later descriptions of the species reported additional material from adult individuals: other skull fragments, more teeth and some postcranial pieces, showing that it was an animal of up to 800 kilograms of weight, one of the largest of its kind living in the middle Miocene, about 12 million of years (in the Laventan SALMA), being specially notable for being the last and most specialized known member of his family.[4] In the leontiinids, there is a gradual trend towards specialization of the teeth, where this is going developing more the incisors and appears a conspicuous diastema. In Huilatherium, the canine teeth are very reduced in size, reducing the number of anterior incisors and developing tusk-like incisors.[5] His features indicate a close relationship to Taubatherium paulacoutoi, a genus from the Oligocene of Tremembé Formation in Brazil with which form a separate clade of other species of the family,[6] that are primarily known from sites of Paleogene in Argentina and this indicate how this family was displaced to the tropical north of South America as the climate changes contribute to the disappearing of the woodland environments on which they depended to live.[4]
References
- ^ a b Colwell, J. 1965. A new notoungulate of the family Leontiniidae of the Miocene of Colombia. Master's thesis, University of California, Berkeley.
- ^ Bond, M. y López, G.M. 1995. Los Mamíferos de la Formación Casa Grande (Eoceno) de la Provincia de Jujuy, Argentina. Ameghiniana 32: 301-309.
- ^ a b Villarroel, C. y Guerrero Díaz, J. 1985. Un nuevo y singular representante de la Familia Leontiniidae? (Notoungulata, Mammalia) en el Mioceno de La Venta, Colombia. Geología Norandina 9: 35-40.
- ^ a b Villarroel, C., y Coldwell Danis, J. 1997. A New leontiniid notoungulate. En: R.F. Kay, R.H. Madden, R.L. Cifelli y J.J. Flynn (eds.), Vertebrate Paleontology in the Neotropics. The Miocene Fauna of La Venta, Colombia. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C. pp. 303-318.
- ^ Villarroel A., CarlosS (1997): La Estructura de la Dentición Caduca de Huilatherium pluriplicatum, Leontiniidae (Notoungulata) del Mioceno de Colombia. Geología Colombiana Nr. 22, pgs. 139-149,3 Figs., 2 Láminas, Santafe de Bogotá.
- ^ Deraco, García López y Poweell. Relaciones filogenéticas del leontínido Coquenia bondi Deraco et al. (Mammalia: Notoungulata) del Eoceno del noroeste argentino. Resúmenes de las XXIV Jornadas Argentinas de Paleontología de Vertebrados, San Rafael, Mendoza, Argentina. Mayo, 2009.