Alphanumeric shellcode
- You may be looking for Character encoding, or SYNOP and CLIMAT (alphanumeric codes used for meteorological and climatological data transmission)
In general, in computing, an alphanumeric code is a series of letters and numbers (hence the name) which are written in a form that can be processed by a computer.
Specifically, in computer hacker terminology, alphanumeric code is machine code that is written so that it assembles into entirely alphanumeric ASCII or Unicode characters such as 0-9, A-Z and a-z.[1][2] This type of encoding was created by hackers to hide working machine code inside what appears to be text. This can be useful to avoid detection of the code and to allow the code to pass through filters that modify or remove non-alphanumeric characters unchanged. A similar type of encoding is called printable code and uses all printable characters (0-9, A-Z, a-z, !@#%^&*() etc...) It has been shown that it is possible to create shellcode that looks like normal text in English.[3]
Writing alphanumeric or printable code requires good understanding of the instruction set architecture of the machine(s) on which the code is to be executed. It has been demonstrated that it is possible to write alphanumeric code that is executable on more than one machine.[4]
See also
- EICAR test file - a test pattern used to test the installation of the anti virus software, which is written in printable code.
Further reading
- Writing ia32 alphanumeric shellcodes, an article on how to write alphanumeric shellcode.
- Building IA32 'Unicode-Proof' shellcodes, an article on how to write Unicode proof shellcode.
- Writing IA32 restricted instruction set shellcodes, an article on how to write code that is very limited in the number of characters it can use (such as alphanumeric code).
- ALPHA3, an alphanumeric shellcode encoder: Utility to encode normal machine code into alphanumeric (upper-case or mixed-case) ASCII or Unicode text.
- List of x86 Alphanumeric opcodes
- List of x64 alphanumeric opcodes
- Shellcoding for Linux and Windows — Printable Shellcode: Explanation and tutorial
References
- ^ SkyLined. "Writing ia32 alphanumeric shellcodes". rix.
- ^ SkyLined. "Building IA32 'Unicode-Proof' shellcodes". obscou.
- ^ J. Mason, S. Small, F. Monrose and G. MacManus (November 2009). "English shellcode" (PDF). Retrieved 2010-01-10.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ "Multi-architecture (x86) and 64-bit alphanumeric shellcode explained". Blackhat Academy.