South-western black rhinoceros
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| South-western black rhinoceros | |
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| Subspecies: | D. b. occidentalis
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| Trinomial name | |
| Diceros bicornis occidentalis (Zukowsky, 1922)
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The south-western black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis occidentalis) is a subspecies of the black rhinoceros. It is currently listed as vulnerable by the IUCN. The biggest threat towards the subspecies Diceros bicornis occidentalis is illegal poaching.[1]
Taxonomy
This subspecies is often mistaken for either the extinct southern black rhinoceros (D. b. bicornis) or the southeastern subspecies (D. b. minor). However, the populations in the arid areas of northern Namibia and southwestern Angola represent a separate subspecies.[2]
The holotype specimen, a 16 month old male, was caught alive by a Mr. Müller in 1914 near the Kunene River (Kaokoveld, border region between Namibia and Angola), and shipped to the Tierpark Hagenbeck, the Hamburg Zoo, in Germany. After its death on 15 October 1916, its hide and skeleton was preserved at the Zoologisches Museum Hamburg (specimen no. 40056) and described as belonging to a new species, Opsiceros occidentalis, by L. Zukowsky in 1922.[3][4] Opsiceros is an invalid synonym of the genus Diceros.[2]
Description
The south-western black rhino, like all black rhino subspecies, has a distinct prehensile lip and is a browser. Its appearance is similar to other subspecies, the most important difference to them is a relatively broad head behind the eyes and minor features in the dentition. Other characters often mentioned, like body size or the straightness and size of the horns, are subject to individual variation.[2] They also are most adapted to arid habitat and can be found in arid savanna and desert climates.
Population and threats
Historically, this subspecies once roamed in Angola, and Namibia, but their current range has decreased. The stronghold of the species is primarily in Namibia. One to four specimens have been reported from Angola and others were introduced to South Africa. The total population is increasing and numbered to 1920 animals in 2010, with 55.8% adults. Poaching due to increasing horn prices is considered the main threat to the population[2][1]
References
- ^ a b c Template:IUCN2011.2
- ^ a b c d Groves, C.; Grubb, P. (2011). Ungulate Taxonomy. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 317. ISBN 987-1-4214-0093-8. Retrieved October 7, 2012.
{{cite book}}: Check|isbn=value: invalid prefix (help) - ^ Zukowsky, L. (1922). "Vorläufige Mitteilung über eine neue Art des Spitzschnautz-Nashorns aus Südwest-Afrika" (PDF). Archiv für Naturgeschichte. 88A (7): 162–163.
- ^ Rookmaker, L.C. (1998). The Rhinoceros in Captivity. Den Hague: SPB Academic Publishing bv. p. 409. ISBN 90-5103-134-3. Retrieved October 20, 2013.
