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Yo Soy 132
Part of the Mexican general election, 2012, Impact of the Arab Spring
Poster stating #YoSoy132 against EPN:its not hate nor intolerance against his name, but rather being full of indignation as to what he represents
Date15 May 2012 (2012-05-15)  — ongoing
Location
 Mexico
Caused by
Goals
Methods
Resulted in
  • National broadcast of second presidential debate
  • Hosting a third debate between three of the four candidates

Yo Soy 132 is a social movement composed for the most part of Mexican university students from private and public universities, residents of Mexico, and supporters from 50 cities around the world.[1] It began as opposition to the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) candidate Enrique Peña Nieto and the Mexican media's allegedly biased coverage of the 2012 general election.[2] The name Yo Soy 132, Spanish for "I Am 132", originated in an expression of solidarity with the protest's initiators.

Origins

Mexican President Peña Nieto .
Mexican President Peña Nieto Yo Soy 132.

On May 11, 2012, then Institutional Revolutionary Party Mexican Presidential Candidate Enrique Peña Nieto, visited the Ibero-American University to present his political platform to the students as part of the Buen Ciudadano Ibero[3]forum. At the end of his discussion, he was asked by a group of students a question regarding the 2006 civil unrest in San Salvador Atenco,in which then-governor of the State of Mexico Peña Nieto called in state police to break up a protest by local residents, with two protestors being killed.[4]. His response was met with applause by his supporters, but was met with slogans against his campaign from students who disliked his response.[5]

Video of the event was recorded by various students and uploaded onto social media, but major Mexican television channels and national newspapers reported that the protest were not by students of the university.[6]This angered many of the Ibero-American University students, prompting 131 of them to publish a video on YouTube identifying themselves by their University ID card.[7] The video went viral, and protests spread across various campuses. People showed their support of the 131 students' message by stating, mainly on Twitter, that they were the 132nd student—"I am 132"— thus giving birth to the Yo Soy 132 movement.

Protests

Yo Soy 132 protest in Mexico City on May 19, 2012
thumb
Yo Soy 132 protest in Mexico City on June 10, 2012

Since the beginning of the movement, there have been various marches and rallies, such as marching without being on the street and disrupting traffic, silent marches, concerts, and encouraging political participation in elections.

These rallies and marches have not just happened in the capitol, Mexico City, but in various states in Mexico such as Campeche,Durango, Aguascalientes, Zacatecas, Yucatán, Guerrero, Jalisco, Monterrey, Querétaro, Chiapas, Oaxaca, Veracruz, Estado de México, Puebla, Hidalgo, Querétaro, Quintana Roo, Baja California y Tabasco[8]

Outside of Mexico, various individuals have created their own groups of solidarity and in support of the movement, in cities such as Munich, Madrid, Vienna, Rio de Janeiro, Geneva, Stuttgart, Calgary, Euskadi, Melbourne, New York, Barcelona, Manchester, Quebec, Frankfurt, Zurich, Buenos Aires, Brussels, Vancouver, Montreal, Bologna and Zagreb[9]

Goals

On June 5, 2012, students gathered in the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), the country's largest public university, and agreed that the movement should aspire to go beyond the general election and become a national force.[10]

Manifesto

On May 23, 2012, the movement released its manifesto. An excerpt from it states:

"First – we are a nonpartisan movement of citizens. As such, we do not express support of any candidate or political party, but rather respect the plurality and diversity of this movement's participants. Our wishes and demands are centered on the defense of Mexicans' freedom of expression and their right for information, in that these two elements are essential to forming an aware and participating citizenry. For the same reasons, we support informed and well-thought out voting. We believe that under the present political circumstances, abstaining or making a null vote is ineffective in promoting the edification of our democracy. We are a movement committed to the country's democratization, and as such, we hold that a necessary condition for this goal is the democratization of the media. This commitment derives from the current state of the national press, and from the concentration of the media outlets in few hands".

"Second – YoSoy132 is an inclusive movement which does not represent one single university. Its representation depends only on the persons who join this cause and form connections among the university committees".[10]

GeneraciónMX

On June 11, 2012, a group of protesters who named themselves GeneraciónMX claimed they were part of Yo Soy 132 and announced their departure, claiming that they perceived that the movement favored the leftist Party of the Democratic Revolution and its candidate Andrés Manuel López Obrador.[11] Through a YouTube video titled I am no longer 132, its stated goals being democratization of the media, political reform, environmental protection, and calling politicians' attention to the agenda of Mexican youth.[11] Social network users and hacktivist group Anonymous have argued that GeneraciónMX and its members are linked to the PRI.[12][13]

On June 12, 2012, Rodrigo Ocampo, spokesperson of GenerationMX, reiterated in a press conference that #yosoy132 had lost its course and had been hijacked by leftist parties. He denied ties with the PRI party and his current employer COPARMEX, claiming his involvement was done on his free time. He declared that GenerationMX had about 17 members, many of whom had received anonymous threats demanding them to take their YouTube videos off-line and that other members decided not to come forward or comment on the allegations of leftist involvement for fear of further threats.[14]

Yo Soy 132 has been compared to the Arab Spring movement that occurred in the Arab world, as well as the Occupy movement. [15] This is because all three movements have used Social media as a way to communicate and organize, as well as using civil resistance. The Occupy Wall Street movement acknowledged these similarities by writing a post on their website expressing their solidarity with Yo soy 132. [16] The movements also promote a leaderless structure, in which no one person is the leader as well as having multiple demands[17]

References

  1. ^ ""#YoSoy132 presume contar con 52 asambleas internacionales"". August 1, 2012.
  2. ^ "Youth protest former Mexican ruling party's rise". Buenos Aires Herald. Editorial Amfin S.A. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  3. ^ "¿Y qué dijo Peña Nieto en la Ibero?". CNN Expansión. May 11, 2012. Retrieved 2012. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  4. ^ Zapata, Belén (June 4, 2012). "Atenco, el tema que 'encendió' a la Ibero y originó #YoSoy132". CNNMéxico (in Spanish). Retrieved June 29, 2012.
  5. ^ Cite web|url=http://mexico.cnn.com/nacional/2012/05/11/la-visita-de-pena-nieto-divide-a-estudiantes-en-universidad-iberoamericana%7Ctitle=La visita de Peña Nieto, motivo de abucheos de estudiantes en la Ibero|acessdate=June 2 2012|Last=Zapata|nombre=Belén|first=CNN México|idioma=español|cite=Al término de su discurso, los estudiantes permanecieron aglomerados a las afueras del auditorio en espera de la salida del abanderado del PRI y a gritarle "¡Fuera! ¡Fuera!" y "¡Asesino!"}}
  6. ^ Organización Editorial Mexicana (May 11, 2012). "Intentan boicotear en la Ibero a Peña Nieto" (in español). El Sol de México. Retrieved June 2 2012. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  7. ^ "131 Alumnos de la Ibero responden". YouTube. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  8. ^ "Videos de solidaridad Internacional". Retrieved November 9,2013. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); Unknown parameter |acessdate= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help); line feed character in |acessdate= at position 24 (help)
  9. ^ a b ""Yo soy 132": Declaratoria y pliego petitorio" (in Spanish). Animal Político. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  10. ^ a b Ascensión, Arturo (June 11, 2012). "Jóvenes rompen con #YoSoy132 y forman el grupo GeneraciónMX". CNNMéxico. Turner Broadcasting System. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  11. ^ Lucas, Nicolás (June 12, 2012). "Denuncian que #GeneracionMx es cercano al PRI y Coparmex". El Financiero (in Spanish). El Financiero Comercial S.A. de C.V. Retrieved June 13, 2012.
  12. ^ Milenio TV. Grupo Multimedios (June 12, 2012). "Integrante de #GeneraciónMX también aparece en video de apoyo a EPN" (in Spanish). YouTube. Retrieved June 13, 2012.
  13. ^ Rea, Daniela (12 de junio de 2012). "E-mail Presentan en solitario a #GeneraciónMX" (in Spanish). Terra News. Retrieved 2012-06-22. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  14. ^ {{cite news|last=Kilkenny|first=Allison|title=Student Movement Dubbed the 'Mexican Spring'|url=http://www.thenation.com/blog/168099/student-movement-dubbed-mexican-spring%7Cnewspaper=The Nation|date=May 29,2012
  15. ^ {{cite web|http://occupywallst.org/article/mexico-yosoy132/%7Ctitle=#TodosSomos132:Solidarity with the Mexican Spring|date=May 25, 2013|accessdate|November 9, 2013
  16. ^ {{cite web|http://inesad.edu.bo/developmentroast/2012/12/yosoy132-and-contemporary-uprisings-what-are-social-movements-doing-wrong/%7Clast=Look%7Cfirst=Carolyn%7Ctitle=YoSoy132 and Contemporary Uprisings:What are Social Movements doing wrong|date=December 26, 2012|accessdate=November 9,2013
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