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Klaus Kinski

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Klaus Kinski
File:Klaus Kinski.gif
Kinski in middle age
Born
Klaus Gunther Nakszynski

(1926-10-18)18 October 1926
Zoppot, Free City of Danzig
Died23 November 1991(1991-11-23) (aged 65)
Lagunitas, California, U.S.
OccupationActor
Years active1948–1989
Spouse(s)Gislinde Kühbeck (1952–1955) (divorced) 1 child
Brigitte Ruth Tocki (1960–1971) (divorced) 1 child
Minhoi Geneviève Loanic (1971–1979) (divorced) 1 child
ChildrenNastassja, Pola, and Nikolai Kinski.

Klaus Kinski (born Klaus Gunther Nakszynski;[1] 18 October 1926 – 23 November 1991) was a German actor.[2][3][4][5] He appeared in more than 130 films, and is perhaps best remembered as a leading role actor in the films of Werner Herzog, including: Aguirre, the Wrath of God (1972), Nosferatu the Vampyre (1979), Woyzeck (1979), Fitzcarraldo (1982) and Cobra Verde (1987). He was considered a "divisive and controversial figure in Germany. His violent outbursts on set - famously captured on film in Herzog's documentary 'My Best Fiend' - are the stuff of legend."[6]

He is the father of Pola, Nastassja, and Nikolai Kinski, born of three different marriages. They have all become actors, and have worked in Germany and the United States, primarily in film and TV.

Early life

Klaus Kinski's parental home

Klaus Kinski was born to German nationals in Zoppot in what was, under League of Nations supervision, the Free City of Danzig from 1920-1939. (It is now Sopot, Poland). His father, Bruno Nakszynski, a German of Polish descent,[7] was a failed opera singer turned pharmacist; his mother, Susanne (née Lutze), was a nurse and the daughter of a local pastor.[8] Klaus had three older siblings: Inge, Arne and Hans-Joachim.

Because of the Great Depression, the family was unable to make a living in Danzig and moved to Berlin in 1931, where they also struggled.[8] They settled in a flat in the Wartburgstraße 3, in the district of Schöneberg, and took German citizenship.[8] From 1936 on, Kinski attended the Prinz-Heinrich-Gymnasium in Schöneberg.[9]

Career

Military service during World War II

Kinski was conscripted at age 17 into the German Wehrmacht sometime in 1943, serving in the army.[10] He saw no action until the winter of 1944, when his unit was transferred to the Netherlands.[10] He was wounded and captured by the British on the second day of combat.[11]

Kinski gave a different version of events in his 1988 autobiography. He said that he made a conscious decision to desert; he had been captured by the Germans, court-martialed as a deserter, and sentenced to death, but he escaped and hid in the woods. He finally surrendered to a British patrol, which had wounded him in the arm before taking him captive.[10]

After being treated for his injuries and interrogated, Kinski was transferred to England. The ship transporting him was torpedoed by a German U-Boat, but arrived safely.[10] Kinski was held at the prisoner of war "Camp 186" in Berechurch Hall in Colchester, Essex.[10][12]

There he played his first roles on stage, taking part in shows intended to maintain morale among the prisoners.[10][12] By May 1945, at the end of the war in Europe, the German POWs were anxious to return home. Kinski had heard that sick prisoners were to be returned first, and tried to qualify by standing outside naked at night, drinking urine, and eating cigarettes.[10] He remained healthy but finally was returned to Germany in 1946, after spending a year and four months in captivity.[10]

Arriving in Berlin, he saw how the once modern city had been reduced to ruins and was occupied by Allied troops. Kinski learned his father had died during the war, and his mother had been killed in an Allied air attack on the city.[10]

Plaque marking Kinski's birthplace in Sopot

Theatrical career

After his return to Germany, Kinski started out as an actor,[13] first at a small touring company in Offenburg, where he used his newly adopted name of Klaus Kinski. In 1946, he was hired by the renowned Schlosspark-Theater in Berlin. The next year he was fired by the manager in 1947 due to his unpredictable behavior.[14]

Other companies followed, but his unconventional and emotionally volatile behavior regularly got him into trouble.[15] In 1950, Kinski stayed in a psychiatric hospital for three days; medical records from the period listed a preliminary diagnosis of schizophrenia.[16] Around this time he became unable to secure film roles, and in 1955 Kinski twice tried to commit suicide.[17]

In March 1956 he made a single guest appearance at Vienna's Burgtheater in Goethe's Torquato Tasso. Although respected by his colleagues, among them Judith Holzmeister, and cheered by the audience, Kinski did not gain a permanent contract. The Burgtheater's management became aware of the actor's earlier difficulties in Germany. He unsuccessfully tried to sue the company.[18]

Living jobless in Vienna, Kinski reinvented himself as a monologuist and spoken word artist.[19] He presented the prose and verse of François Villon, William Shakespeare and Oscar Wilde, among others. He established himself as an actor touring Austria, Germany, and Switzerland with his shows.[20]

Film work and later life

Kinski's first film role had been a small part in the 1948 film Morituri. He appeared in several German Edgar Wallace movies, and had bit parts in the American war films Decision Before Dawn (1951) and A Time to Love and a Time to Die (1958). In Alfred Vohrer's Die toten Augen von London (1961), his character refused any personal guilt for his evil deeds and claimed to have only followed the orders given to him. Kinski's performance reflected the post-war Germans' reluctance to take responsibility for what had happened during World War II.[21]

During the 1960s and 70s, Kinski appeared in various European exploitation film genres, as well as more acclaimed works such as Doctor Zhivago (1965); he played an Anarchist prisoner on his way to the Gulag. He relocated to Italy during the late 1960s, and had roles in numerous spaghetti westerns, including For a Few Dollars More (1965), A Bullet for the General (1966), The Great Silence (1968), and A Genius, Two Partners and a Dupe (1975). He turned down a role in Raiders of the Lost Ark,[22] describing the script as "moronically shitty".[23] In 1977 he starred as terrorist Wilfried Böse in the Israeli movie Operation Thunderbolt, based on the events of the 1976 Operation Entebbe.

At the Cannes Film Festival, late 1980s

He began to work with director Werner Herzog. Eventually, their collaboration brought him international recognition. They made a total of five films together: Aguirre: The Wrath of God (1972), Woyzeck (1978), Nosferatu the Vampyre (1979), Fitzcarraldo (1982), and Cobra Verde (1987). He was considered a controversial figure in Germany, as his emotional volatility was notorious, as were rumors of his numerous affairs with women.[6]

Kinski co-starred as a violently evil killer from the future in a 1987 Sci-Fi based TV film Timestalkers, with William Devane and Lauren Hutton. His last film (which he wrote and directed) was Kinski Paganini (1989), in which he played the legendary violinist Niccolò Paganini.

Kinski reinforced his wild image by his accounts in his 1988 autobiography, All I Need Is Love (reprinted in 1996 as Kinski Uncut). The book infuriated many, and prompted his second daughter Nastassja Kinski to file a libel suit against him, which she soon withdrew.[24] For many years, Kinski's own writings were the only source for facts about his life and were not questioned or doubted by independent analysts.

In his retrospective film on Kinski, My Best Fiend (also called My Favorite Enemy) (1999), Herzog said that Kinski had fabricated much of his autobiography. The two even collaborated on the insults Kinski included about about the director. In his film, Herzog showed lighter and humorous aspects of Kinski's personality.

In 2006 Christian David published the first comprehensive biography of Kinski, based on newly discovered archived material, personal letters, and interviews with the actor's friends and colleagues.[citation needed] Peter Geyer published a paperback book of essays on Kinski's life and work.[citation needed]

Marriages and families

Kinski married three times, having a child with each wife. These were singer Gislinde Kühlbeck and their daughter Pola Kinski, actress Ruth Brigitte Tocki[25] and their daughter Nastassja Kinski, and Minhoi Geneviève Loanic and their son Nikolai Kinski. The children had almost no contact with each other while growing up.

According to his autobiography, he had many affairs, which he suggested included very young women and girls. In 2013, more than 20 years after her father's death, Pola published an autobiography entitled Kindermund (or "From a Child's Mouth"). In it she says her father had sexually abused her from the age of 5 to 19.[6][26] Kinski's younger daughter, actress Nastassja Kinski, who is Pola's half-sister, was questioned about the matter. In her interview published in the online issue of the German tabloid Bild on 13 January 2013, she said that Kinski would embrace her in a sexual manner, but never had sex with her.[27] Nastassja has expressed support for her sister.

Death

Kinski died 23 November 1991 of a heart attack in Lagunitas, California, at age 65. His ashes were scattered into the Pacific Ocean.[28] He was survived by his daughters, Pola and Nastassja, and his son, Nikolai. The latter was the only child to attend his funeral.

Filmography and discography

Main article: Klaus Kinski filmography

References

  1. ^ Halliwell, Laurie (1997). Halliwell's filmgoer's companion (12th ed.). London: HarperCollins. ISBN 9780002557986.
  2. ^ Kinski, Klaus (1988). All I Need Is Love (1st ed.). Random House. ISBN 0-394-54916-3. OCLC 18379547. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  3. ^ David, Christian (2008). Kinski. Die Biographie. Berlin: Aufbau-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-7466-2434-1. OCLC 244018538. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  4. ^ Geyer, Peter (2006). Klaus Kinski: Leben, Werk, Wirkung. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp. ISBN 3-518-18220-X. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  5. ^ Wise, James E. Jr.; Baron, Scott (2002). International Stars at War. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press. pp. 105–107. ISBN 1-55750-965-4. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  6. ^ a b c Jackson, Patrick (2013-01-10). "German actor Klaus Kinski 'abused his daughter Pola'". BBC News Online. Retrieved 2013-01-10.
  7. ^ Encyclopædia Britannica
  8. ^ a b c Wise & Baron 2002, p. 105
  9. ^ David 2008, pp. 10–13
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h i Wise & Baron 2002, p. 106
  11. ^ "Klaus Kinski", Variety, 1991
  12. ^ a b David 2008, pp. 14–16
  13. ^ Herzog, My Best Fiend, said that Kinski was self-taught as an actor.
  14. ^ David 2008, pp. 16–20
  15. ^ David 2008, pp. 22–25
  16. ^ "Psycho-Akte von Klaus Kinski entdeckt", Bild, 22 July 2008. Template:De icon
  17. ^ David 2008, pp. 41–42
  18. ^ David 2008, pp. 48–59
  19. ^ David 2008, pp. 60–61
  20. ^ David 2008, pp. 97–102
  21. ^ David 2008, pp. 113–119, 136–141
  22. ^ Glenn Whipp (2008-05-22). "Keeping up with Jones". Halifax Chronicle-Herald. Retrieved 2008-05-22. [dead link‍]
  23. ^ Kinski, Klaus (1996). Kinski Uncut. London: Bloomsbury. p. 294. ISBN 0-7475-2978-7. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  24. ^ Wise & Baron 2002, p. 107
  25. ^ Welsh, James Michael; Gene D. Phillips; Rodney Hill. The Francis Ford Coppola Encyclopedia, Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press Inc., 2010, p. 154
  26. ^ Roxborough, Scott (2013-01-09). "Klaus Kinski's Daughter Claims He Sexually Abused Her". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 2013-01-10.
  27. ^ Biss, Malta (2013-01-13). "Jetzt spricht Nastassja". Bild. Retrieved 2013-01-13.
  28. ^ David 2008, pp. 353–354
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