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Kota, Rajasthan

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This article is about the municipality in Rajasthan, India. For its namesake district, see Kota district.
Kota, Rajasthan
कोटा
Coaching City
City
Jagmandir palace
Jagmandir palace
CountryIndia
StateRajasthan
DistrictKota
Area
 • Total
318 km2 (123 sq mi)
Elevation
271 m (889 ft)
Population
 (2011)[1]
 • Total
1,001,365
 • Density3,189/km2 (8,260/sq mi)
Languages
 • OfficialHindi
 • NativeHarauti dialect
Time zoneUTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN
324001 to 324011 and 324022
Telephone code0744
Vehicle registrationRJ 20
Sex ratio912 ♂/♀
Websitekota.nic.in

Kota (/ˈkoʊtə/; Template:Lang-raj), formerly known as Kotah, is the third largest city in the northern Indian state of Rajasthan after Jaipur and Jodhpur.[2] It is located 240 kilometres (149 mi) south of state capital, Jaipur. Situated on the banks of Chambal River, and has been identified as a counter-magnet city for the National Capital Region to attract migrants and develop as an alternative centre of growth to Delhi. The city is the trade centre for an area in which millet, wheat, rice, pulses, coriander and oilseeds are grown; industries include cotton and oilseed milling, textile weaving, distilling, dairying, manufacture of metal handcrafts, fertilizers, chemicals and engineering equipment.

The town of Kota was once the part of the erstwhile Rajput kingdom of Bundi. It became a separate princely state in the 17th century. Apart from the several monuments that reflect the glory of the town, Kota is also known for its palaces and gardens.

Dr. Ratna A. Jain of Indian National Congress is the current Mayor of Kota.

Geography

Kota is located along eastern bank of the Chambal River in the southern part of Rajasthan. It is the third largest city of Rajasthan after Jaipur and Jodhpur. The cartographic coordinates are 25°11′N 75°50′E / 25.18°N 75.83°E / 25.18; 75.83.[3] It covers an area of 318 km2 (3.63 per cent of the Rajasthan State).[4] It has an average elevation of 271 metres (889 ft). The district is bound on the north and north west by Sawai Madhopur, Tonk and Bundi districts. The Chambal River separates these districts from Kota district, forming the natural boundary.

The city of Kota is situated at a center of the southeastern region of Rajasthan a very region widely known as Hadoti, the land of the Hadas. Kota lies along the banks of the Chambal river on a high sloping tableland forming a part of the Malwa Plateau. The Mokandarra hills run from southeast to northwest axis of the town. The historical places and temples are getting surrounded by signs of modern development.

It has fertile land and greenery with irrigation facilities through canals. Kota is one of the industrial hubs in northern India, with chemical, engineering and power plants based there. The rail junction, a road hub, lies 4.8 km (3 mi) to the north. .

Distance from major cities

Climate

Kota
Climate chart (explanation)
J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D
 
 
10
 
 
25
10
 
 
20
 
 
27
12
 
 
10
 
 
33
18
 
 
10
 
 
38
24
 
 
20
 
 
42
29
 
 
50
 
 
40
29
 
 
250
 
 
34
26
 
 
240
 
 
32
25
 
 
110
 
 
33
24
 
 
20
 
 
35
21
 
 
10
 
 
30
15
 
 
10
 
 
26
11
█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
█ Precipitation totals in mm
Source: Kota weather
Imperial conversion
JFMAMJJASOND
 
 
0.4
 
 
77
50
 
 
0.8
 
 
81
54
 
 
0.4
 
 
91
64
 
 
0.4
 
 
100
75
 
 
0.8
 
 
108
84
 
 
2
 
 
104
84
 
 
9.8
 
 
93
79
 
 
9.4
 
 
90
77
 
 
4.3
 
 
91
75
 
 
0.8
 
 
95
70
 
 
0.4
 
 
86
59
 
 
0.4
 
 
79
52
█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
█ Precipitation totals in inches

Kota has a semi arid climate (Köppen climate classification BSh) with high temperatures throughout the year. Summers are long, hot and dry, starting in late March and lasting till the end of June. The monsoon season follows with comparatively lower temperatures, but higher humidity and frequent, torrential downpours. The monsoons subside in October and temperatures rise again. The brief, mild winter starts in late November and lasts until the last week of February. Temperatures hover between 26.7°C (max) to 12°C (min). This can be considered the best time to visit Kota because of intense heat in the summer.

The average annual rainfall in the Kota district is 660.6 mm.[4] Most of the rainfall can be attributed to the southwest monsoon which has its beginning around the last week of June and may last till mid-September. Pre-monsoon showers begin towards the middle of June with post-monsoon rains occasionally occurring in October. The winter is largely dry, although some rainfall does occur as a result of the Western Disturbance passing over the region.

Climate data for Kota
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 30.4
(86.7) 		36.8
(98.2) 		41.5
(106.7) 		44.2
(111.6) 		46.1
(115.0) 		46.1
(115.0) 		42.0
(107.6) 		37.8
(100.0) 		39.6
(103.3) 		38.8
(101.8) 		36.4
(97.5) 		31.5
(88.7) 		46.1
(115.0)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 25
(77) 		27
(81) 		33
(91) 		38
(100) 		42
(108) 		40
(104) 		34
(93) 		32
(90) 		33
(91) 		35
(95) 		30
(86) 		26
(79) 		33
(91)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 10
(50) 		12
(54) 		18
(64) 		24
(75) 		29
(84) 		29
(84) 		26
(79) 		25
(77) 		24
(75) 		21
(70) 		15
(59) 		11
(52) 		20
(69)
Record low °C (°F) 4.4
(39.9) 		4.3
(39.7) 		8.4
(47.1) 		13.8
(56.8) 		19.8
(67.6) 		20.8
(69.4) 		20.5
(68.9) 		21.4
(70.5) 		16.8
(62.2) 		14.2
(57.6) 		15.6
(60.1) 		12.0
(53.6) 		4.3
(39.7)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 10
(0.4) 		20
(0.8) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		20
(0.8) 		50
(2.0) 		250
(9.8) 		240
(9.4) 		110
(4.3) 		20
(0.8) 		0
(0) 		10
(0.4) 		730
(28.7)
Average rainy days 0.9 1.0 0.6 0.4 2.1 6.9 13.1 15.2 5.6 1.6 1.2 0.5 49.1
Average relative humidity (%) 48 38 25 19 23 43 67 74 58 40 41 48 44
Source: Kota weather, NOAA (1971-1990) [5]

History

Old painting-possibly Kota

The history of the city dates back to the 12th century AD when the Hada clan, a Chauhan Rajput chieftain, Rao Deva, conquered the territory and founded Bundi and Hadoti. Later, in the early 17th century, during the reign of the Mughal Emperor Jahangir, the ruler of Bundi - Rao Ratan Singh, gave the smaller principality of Kota to his son, Madho Singh. Since then Kota became a hallmark of the Rajput gallantry and culture.

The independent state of Kota became a reality in 1631 when Rao Madho Singhal, the second son of Rao Ratan of Bundi was made the ruler, by the Mughal Emperor Jahangir. Soon Kota outgrew its parent state to become bigger in area, richer in revenue and more powerful. Maharao Bhim Singh played a pivotal role in Kota's history, having held a 'Mansab' [6] of five thousand and being the first in his dynasty to have the title of Maharao. During the colonial period, firebrand social activist Guru Radha Kishan organised the masses against the policies of the government. He left Kota after local administration came to know about the arrest warrant issued against him for his participation in Indian Independence activities.

Princely city of Kota

Procession of Raja Ram Singh II of Kota Later Mughal Period, c. 1850
Princely city: Kota (कोटा)
Region Hadoti
19th-century flag
Independence from: Bundi State
State existed: 1579-1949
Dynasties Rajput Chauhan Hada
Capital Kota
See also: Hadoti

Kota city became independent in 1579, after Bundi state in Hadoti region had become weak. Then, Kota ruled the territory which now is Kota district and Baran district.}

Places of interest

Museums

Kota has two noteworthy museums:

  • Maharao Madho Singh Museum

Situated in the old palace, the museum has a collection of Rajput miniature paintings of the Kota school, sculptures, frescoes and armoury. The museum also houses a repository of artistic items used by the Kota rulers.

  • The Government Museum

Housed in the Brijvilas Palace near the Kishore Sagar, the museum displays a collection of rare coins, manuscripts and a representative selection of Hadoti sculpture. Especially noteworthy is a sculptured statue brought here from Baroli.

Places of worship

Godavari dham temple, Kota

Kota is home to a large number of Temples, Mosques, Churches, Gurudwaras, and Jain temples, some of which date back to the medieval period. Notable places of worship include:

  • Godavari Dham Temple

This Hanuman Temple is located beside the Chambal River. It has two high marble towers and huge marble swan built at the top of the entrance gate. It is visited by a large number of devotees especially on Tuesdays and Saturdays when a midnight Aarti of Lord Hanuman is organised. Around of 800-1000 Peoples are came on every Tuesday midnight for attending Pooja.

  • Agamgarh Saheb Gurudwara

Situated on Kota-Bundi highway 8 km from Kota city, it is the largest Gurudwara of Kota and includes a "Langar" (community kitchen).

  • Adharshila Dargah
  • Badoli Temples
  • Khare Ganesha Temple
  • Tirupati Balaji Temple
  • Karneshwar(Temple)
  • Shivpuri Dham Temple
  • Radha Krishna Temple
  • Rangbari Balaji Temple
  • Mathureshji Temple
  • Radhakrishna Temple

Notable Churches include

  • St Joseph the workers Church
  • Emmanuel Church
  • CNI Church

Notable Mosques include

  • Noori jama masjid
  • Nayapura masjid
  • Shahi jama masjid

Notable Jain temples

  • Mahavir Digamber Jain temple
  • Dadabadi Digamber Jain nasiaji temple

Gardens and picnic spots

Garh Palace, Kota
  • Ummed Bhawan Palace
  • Chambal Garden
  • Traffic Park
  • Chatra Vilas Udyan
  • Nagaji ka baagh
  • Gopal niwas baagh
  • Nehru garden
  • The Keshar Bagh, garden famous for its royal cenotaphs.
  • Kala Khet (picnic spot)
  • Gapernath (picnic spot)
  • Bheetariya Kund (picnic spot)
  • Darrah National Park
  • Bhanvarkunj (Chambal waterfall)
  • Ranthambore Tiger Reserve- 110 K.m - 1.5 Hrs
  • Mukundra hills tiger reserve kota
  • Adharshila Dargah, situated near Bheetariya kund, is a big rock in the water where the whole weight of rock is on one point.
  • Ram Janki Mandir, Keshavpura. Kota

Other places of interest

  • Chambal River Ghariyal (Alligator) reservoir
  • Garh Palace
  • Brijraj Bhavan Palace (residence of Ex-Darbar)
  • Pahadajhar Mahadev waterfall
  • Adhar Shila (slanting rock)
  • Jawahar Sagar Dam
  • Kota Barrage

A part of the irrigation canal system on the Chambal River, this beautiful setting is ideal for outings and evening strolls.

The palace of Jag Mandir stands amidst the artificial lake of Kishore Sagar constructed in 1346 by Prince Dher Deh of Bundi. Boat-rides can be enjoyed in the lake.

City Mall,Kota

Gumanpura on Kotri Road and the shopping centre near Aerodrome circle are the largest shopping spots in the city.]

Newspapers

Demographics

As of 2011, Kota had a population of 1,001,365, of which male and female are 529,795 and 471,570 respectively. Although Kota city has population of 1,001,365; its urban Agglomeration is city only and does not qualify under the definition for a metropolitan city as defined by the Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India.[7][8] The sex ratio was 906 and 12.74% were under six years of age. The effective literacy rate was 83.65%, with male literacy at 90.56% and female literacy at 75.90%. It is 3rd largest city in Rajasthan and 46th largest in India.

Religions in kota
Hinduism
 
 77%
Islam
 
 18%
Christianity
 
 0.4%
Jainism
 
 3.7%
Others♦
 
 0.9%
Distribution of religions
♦Includes Sikhs (0.2%).

Government institutions and courts

Governmental institutions in Kota include:

  • Municipal Corporation
  • Collectorate
  • Office of the Divisional Commissioner
  • Rajasthan Housing Board
  • Command Area Development (CAD)
  • Urban Improvement Trust (UIT)
  • Office of the Superintendent of Police, Inspector General of Police and the Income Tax commissioner of Kota range.
  • Office of the Divisional Railway Manager, Kota Division, West Central Railway

Instrumentation Ltd is a Public Sector company based in Kota. Its clientele includes public sector entities such as the Indian Railways, BSNL and VSNL

The District court provides court and notary services.

Health services

Healthcare is provided by a combination of public and private-sector hospitals.

The main hospitals include:

  • MBS Hospital, Civil Lines
  • Global Modi Hospital, Swami Vivekanand Nagar
  • Medical college Hospital, R.K. Puram
  • Maitri Hospital, Talwandi
  • Sudha Hospital, Talwandi
  • Sudha Heart Institute. Talwandi, Kota
  • Cancer Hospital, Dadabari
  • Kota Heart institute, Talwandi
  • PMC American Hospital, Indra Vihar
  • Bharat Vikas Parishad Hospital, Pratap Nagar
  • E.S.I. Hospital, Vigyan Nagar
  • Ratna Nursing Home, Nayapura
  • M.J.Hospital, Vasant Vihar
  • Jaiswal hospital & Neuro institute, Vigyan Nagar

There are 16 other hospitals within the city limit

Economy

Kota's economy today is driven by the all-India fame of its coaching classes, it is regarded as one of the largest coaching hubs in India. The city is also the trade center for an area in which cotton, millet, wheat, coriander and oilseeds are grown; industries include cotton and oilseed milling, textile weaving, distilling, dairying, and the manufacture of metal handcrafts. Kota also has an extensive industry of stone-polishing of a stone called Kota Stone, used for the floor and walls of residential and business buildings.

Kota doria

Main article: Kota doria

Kota is known for the fine translucent muslins called Masuria Malmal. Originally, such saris were called Masuria because they were woven in Mysore. The weavers were subsequently brought to Kota by Rao Kishore Singh who was a general in the Mughal army. The weavers were brought to Kota in the late 17th and early 18th centuries, and the saris came to be known as 'Kota-Masuria'. Kota saris are popularly known as 'Masuria' in Kota and Kotadoria outside the state. 'Doria' means thread. Bheru-gali in Rampura can still be found lined up with saree shops over half a century old.

Kota stone

Main article: Kota Stone

The fine-grained variety of limestone is known as Kota stone, with rich greenish-blue and brown colours. Kota stone is preferred for flooring and wall cladding, paving and facades of buildings. They are tough, non water-absorbent, non-slip, non-porous and have excellent stain removability. The varieties include Kota Blue Natural, Kota Blue Honed, Kota Blue Polished, Kota Blue Cobbles, Kota Brown Natural and Kota Brown Polished. Main manufacturers of kota stone are Kota Celiments, Subhgiri Group, Modi Stones, Rungta Stones, etc.

Industries

Kota has 3 types of power stations – thermal, hydro and gas. The major industries include Kota Celiments, Subhgiri Group, DCM Sriram Consolidated Limited (DSCL), Instrumentaion Limited, Multimetals Limited, Samtel Glass Limited, Birla Cement, CFCL Chambal Fertilizers and Chemicals Limited.[9] Sriram Fertilizers, Metal India, Rajendra Engineering Works, and Sohal Engg. Rajendra Engineering Works claimed to make India's first machine to produce mustard pungent oil without Kachhi Ghani. Kota is also emerging as a Dairy center with 3 major private players in Dairy farming.

Saris

Kota is known for its fabulous weaves which was started by Maharana Bhimdeo in the 18th century.[10] Maharaja Bhim Singh of Kota brought some weavers from the Deccan in the early 18th Century and the craft blossomed under the royal patronage. "Kota has 20 per cent silk input. It gives the fabric the sheen and an edge over its cotton counterparts," says Vidhi, known as a crafts exponent in the fashion fraternity. The warp and weft use a combination of threads creating a fine chequered pattern (Khat) where the cotton portion provides firmness while the silk lends a gossamer finish to the fabric.

Education

See also: List of schools in Kota Rajasthan

In the past decade the city has emerged as a popular coaching destination for competitive exams preparation and for-profit educational services has become a major part of the city's economy.[11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] The city attracts thousands of students every year from all over India to prepare primarily for the IIT-JEE, AIEEE and AIPMT. Some of the renowned coaching institutes are ALLEN Career Institute, Vibrant Academy (India) Private Limited, Career Point, Bansal Classes, Resonance Eduventures Pvt. Ltd. & Motion iitjee. Several toppers In IIT, AIPMT are the produce of Kota's coaching institutions

Higher education

Kota has five major universities:

  • Rajasthan Technical University
  • University of Kota
  • Vardhman Mahaveer Open University;
  • Career Point University
  • Agriculture University Kota

It also has one government medical college, one private dental collage,one physiotherapy college, Many engineering colleges, 15 general colleges, a number of MBA Institutes.

The Government College of Kota University Engineering College, Kota is the largest government-run college in the state of Rajasthan under University of Kota.

  • Kota has an Indian Institute Of Information Technology(IIIT).

Transport

Kota is connected with road and rail. It is also connected by air, although only chartered flights are available.

Roadways

The district is connected with neighbouring districts and with major cities outside the state. National highway No.12 (Jaipur—Jabalpur) and National Highway No.76 passes through the district. National Highway No.76 is a part of East-West Corridor. The total road length in the district is 2,052 km. as of March 2011.

There are two bus stations in Kota:

  • Rajasthan roadways bus stand in ramchandrapura kota(science sep.2013)
  • Inter-state bus terminal at DCM road.
  • Rawatbhata Bus Stand at Ghode Wale Baba Crossing.

Daily buses carry passengers inter-state as well as within the city.

Railways

Entrance of Kota Railway station

Kota is well connected to all the major cities of India. It is an important station on the Delhi-Mumbai main line. Kota Junction is one of the divisions in West Central Railway. Kota has several direct trains to Kolkata. Kota has four railway stations. Another suburban station of South Kota city is Dakaniya Talav Railway station which has a stoppage of Avadh Express, Dehradun Express and Ranthambore Express

Kota Junction

The city is a halt for around 100 trains, including Jaipur - Indore SuperFast, Udaipur SuperFast (Delhi - Udaipur City Express), Dayodaya Express (Jaipur - Jabalpur Express / Ajmer - Jabalpur Express), Jodhpur - Indore Intercity, Hazrat Nizamuddin - Indore Express, Garbha Express, Marusagar Express (Ajmer - Ernakulam Express / Ernakulam Express), Jaipur - Mysore Express, Jaipur - Chennai Express, Jaipur - Coimbatore Express, Jodhpur - Puri Express, Jodhpur - Bhopal Express and Mumbai Rajdhani Express.

The Delhi—Mumbai railway line passes through the Kota junction. The district has 148.83 km of railway line in the Kota— Ruthia section, 98.72 km on Nagda—Mathura (Mumbai-Delhi) section and 24.26 km on Kota—Chittorgarh section.

A broad-gauge railway facility between Kota and Jodhpur via Jaipur exists.

Kota is also an originating point for many trains like Kota - Damoh Passenger (Kota - Katni Passenger) connecting Kota to Damoh in Madhya Pradesh. The Kota - Indore Intercity Express connects to another major city of Madhya Pradesh, Indore Junction. There is also a Jan Shatabdi Express train, from Kota to national capital Delhi. The other includes, Kota - Vadodara Passenger, Kota - Hanumangarh Express, Kota - Ajmer, Kota - Jabalpur & Kota - Bina Passenger. Patna – Kota Express connects Kota and Patna cities via Agra, Kanpur, Lucknow and Varanasi.

Airports

The nearest major airports are located at Jaipur and Udaipur which operate flights to Delhi, Mumbai, Pune, Indore, Ahmedabad and most large cities in India.

Kota has its own airport, Kota Airport, though there have been no scheduled services operating from it since 1999.[19]

References

  1. ^ "Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011; Cities having population 1 lakh and above" (PDF). Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved 26 March 2012.
  2. ^ "Major Cities in Rajasthan". Indiatravelportal.com. Retrieved 27 September 2013.
  3. ^ Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Kota
  4. ^ a b Statistics by Govt. of Rajasthan
  5. ^ "Hota (A) Climate Normals 1971-1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 22 December 2012.
  6. ^ "http://www.mapsofindia.com/kota/about.html". {{cite web}}: External link in |title= (help); Missing or empty |url= (help)
  7. ^ Million-plus UA cities of India census India 2011
  8. ^ Kota City Census report census 2011
  9. ^ "http://www.mapsofindia.com/kota/industries/chambal-fertilizers.html". {{cite web}}: External link in |title= (help); Missing or empty |url= (help)
  10. ^ "Metro Plus Delhi / Arts & Crafts : Let's go Kota". The Hindu. 2 April 2005. Retrieved 27 September 2013.
  11. ^ "Kota: Where education is an industry". Entrepreneurindia.in. 4 May 2010. Retrieved 27 September 2013.
  12. ^ Sharma, Yojana (27 November 2012). "BBC News - Meet the 'tutor kings and queens'". Bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 27 September 2013.
  13. ^ TNN Nov 17, 2010, 12.56pm IST (17 November 2010). "IIT hub losing edge - Times Of India". Articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com. Retrieved 27 September 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  14. ^ "Kota, the coaching capital". Financialexpress.com. 11 April 2010. Retrieved 27 September 2013.
  15. ^ "Forbes India Magazine - The New Coaching Class in Kota". Forbesindia.com. Retrieved 27 September 2013.
  16. ^ Sudhanshu Mishra (23 April 2013). "Inside Kota's Rs 300 crore coaching industry: How students aiming to crack IIT-JEE join mushrooming institutes | Mail Online". Dailymail.co.uk. Retrieved 27 September 2013.
  17. ^ "The Sunday Tribune - Spectrum". Tribuneindia.com. Retrieved 27 September 2013.
  18. ^ "Home tips cut Kota JEE rush". Telegraphindia.com. 29 April 2013. Retrieved 27 September 2013.
  19. ^ "Airports fail to lure airlines". The Times of India. 9 October 2011. Retrieved 4 February 2012. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |newspaper= (help)

Further reading

  • Tod James Annals and Antiquities of Rajasthan: Or, The Central and Western Rajpoot States of India Published 2001 Asian Educational Services ISBN 81-206-1289-2 pp. 407–690

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