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Template:Syrian civil war infobox

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Syrian Civil War
Part of the Arab Spring

For a war map of the current situation, see here.
Date15 March 2011 (2011-03-15) – present
(13 years, 9 months, 1 week and 5 days)
Location
Syria, with minor spillovers in neighboring countries
Status Conflict ongoing
Belligerents

Syria Syrian government

Allied armed groups:

 Iran[1]

Foreign militants:

Syrian opposition

Note: Occasional conflict between various rebel groups.

Supported by:

Kurdish Supreme Committee (DBK)

(For more on Kurdish involvement, see here)
Commanders and leaders

Syria Bashar al-Assad
(Commander in Chief) Syria Fahd Jassem al-Freij
Syria Dawoud Rajiha †
Syria Assef Shawkat †
Syria Ali Abdullah Ayyoub
Syria Issam Hallaq
Syria Ghassan Ismail

Syria Mohammad al-Shaar (WIA)

Syria Free Syrian Army
Salim Idris
Mustafa al-Sheikh
Riad al-Asaad (WIA)[14]

Islamic Front
Ahmed Eissa al-Sheikh[15]
Zahran Alloush[15]
Hassan Aboud[15]
Abdul Qader Saleh †[16]

Other groups
Ziad Haj Obaid[17]
Abu Mohammad al-Golani (WIA)[18]

Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi[19]
 Salih Muslim Muhammad
Strength

Syrian Armed Forces: 137,000 (by Aug 2013)[20]
General Security Directorate: 8,000[20]
Shabiha: 10,000 fighters[21]
National Defense Force: 80,000 soldiers[22]
Jaysh al-Sha'bi: 50,000 fighters[23]
al-Abbas brigade: 10,000 fighters[24]
Hezbollah: 1,500[25]–5,000[26] fighters

Iran: 150 IRGC[27]

Free Syrian Army: 31,000[28]–50,000[29] Islamic Front: 45,000[30]
Ahfad al-Rasul Brigade: 10,000–15,000[29]
Al-Nusra Front: 7,000[31]–15,000[32]

Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant: 5,000[33]–8,500[34]
 Popular Protection Units (YPG): 40,000[35]–45,000[36] fighters
Casualties and losses

Syrian government 15,000[37]–29,954[38] soldiers and policemen killed
18,678 militiamen killed[38]
1,000 government officials killed[39]
3,000[38]–3,500[40] soldiers captured
Hezbollah
187 killed[38]–250[41]
Other non-Syrian Shiite fighters
61 killed[38]

25,699[38]–48,880[47] fighters killed* 979 protesters killed[48]

10,000[49]–43,575[50] opposition fighters and supporters captured		 240+ fighters killed[51][52]
100,000 killed overall (June 2013 UN estimate)[53]

120,000 killed overall (September 2013 French estimate)[54]
88,700[50][55]–120,300[38] killed overall (documented by opposition October 2013)**
160,300 killed overall (October 2013 SOHR estimate)**[38]
710–1,695 foreign civilians killed

Iraq 16 Iraqi soldiers killed[56][57][58][59]
Lebanon 5 Lebanese soldiers killed[60][61]
Turkey 3 Turkish servicemen killed[62][63]
Jordan 1 Jordanian soldier killed[64]

4.5 million (UN, Sep 2013) – 5.1 million (iDMC, Sep 2013) internally displaced[65][66][67]
2,200,000 refugees (October 2013 UNHCR figure)[68]

130,000 missing or detained[69]

*Number possibly higher due to the opposition counting rebels that were not defectors as civilians.[70]
**Number includes foreign fighters from both sides, as well as foreign civilians

References

  1. ^ Saeed Kamali Dehghan (28 May 2012). "Syrian army being aided by Iranian forces". The Guardian.
  2. ^ "Hezbollah Commits to an All-Out Fight to Save Assad". The New York Times. May 25, 2013.
  3. ^ "Syria rebels clash with army, Palestinian fighters". Agence France-Presse. 31 October 2012.
  4. ^ Six Islamist factions unite in largest Syria rebel merger
  5. ^ "The Free Syrian Army" (PDF). Institute for the Study of War.
  6. ^ "New front opens in Syria as rebels say al Qaeda attack means war". Reuters. 12 July 2013.
  7. ^ Risen, James, Mazzetti, Mark & Schmidt, Michael S. (5 December 2012). "U.S. approved arms for Libya rebels fell into Jihadis' hands". The New York Times. Retrieved 2 August 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  8. ^ Roula Khalaf and Abigail Fielding-Smith (17 May 2013). "How Qatar seized control of the Syrian revolution". Financial Times. Retrieved 16 November 2013.
  9. ^ El Deeb, Sarah (20 June 2013). "Rivalries complicate arms pipeline to Syria rebels". San Jose Mercury News. Retrieved 1 August 2013.
  10. ^ Hassan (1 October 2013). "The Army of Islam Is Winning in Syria". Foreign Policy. Retrieved 22 November 2013.
  11. ^ Fars News Agency, 8 September 2013, Ex-Deputy PM: Turkey Supplying Heavy Weaponries to al-Nusra Terrorists in Syria
  12. ^ Vatan, 8 September 2013, 'Türkiye El Nusra’ya ağır silahlar gönderdi'
  13. ^ http://articles.washingtonpost.com/2013-09-11/world/41972742_1_lethal-aid-syrian-rebels-chemical-weapons
  14. ^ "U.N. withdraws staffers as violence rages in Syria". Edition.cnn.com. 25 May 2013.
  15. ^ a b c Leading Syrian rebel groups form new Islamic Front
  16. ^ Top Syrian rebel commander dies from wounds (Reuters), 18 November 2013
  17. ^ O'Bagy, Elizabeth (2013-03-24). "The Free Syrian Army" (PDF). Institute for the Study of War. Retrieved 2013-03-26.
  18. ^ "Al-Nusra leader injured by regime bombardment". Facebook.com. Retrieved 2013-05-16.
  19. ^ "U.S. Condemns Terrorist Attacks in Iraq and Pledges to Help Combat al Qaeda". United States Department of State. 10 August 2013.
  20. ^ a b Syria's diminished security forces
  21. ^ Regime-backed militia does Syria's 'dirty work,' analysts say
  22. ^ "Hezbollah-trained squad to lead battle for Aleppo". The Australian. Retrieved 17 June 2013.
  23. ^ Borger, Julian (14 March 2013). "Iran and Hezbollah 'have built 50,000-strong force to help Syrian regime'". The Guardian.
  24. ^ Syrian war widens Sunni-Shia schism as foreign jihadis join fight for shrines retrieved 5 June 2013
  25. ^ "Assad backed by 1,500 fighters from Hezbollah, says defector". The Times. 6 October 2012.
  26. ^ Ben, Ilan. (8 January 2013) According to Al-Watan, members of the Shiite Lebanese militia have already killed 300 Syrian rebels. The Times of Israel.
  27. ^ "Assad might yet win in Syria thanks to Iran's Revolutionary Guards". 2013-05-30.
  28. ^ A Full Extremist-To-Moderate Spectrum Of The 100,000 Syrian Rebels [GRAPHIC]
  29. ^ a b "The Structure and Organization of the Syrian Opposition". Center for American Progress. 14 May 2013.
  30. ^ Richard Hall (22 November 2013). "Turning the tide? Six Syrian rebel groups join forces to counter rise of al-Qa'ida". The Independent. Retrieved 22 November 2013.
  31. ^ "Syria's Islamist fighters: Competition among Islamists". The Economist. 20 July 2013. Retrieved 26 July 2013.
  32. ^ "Syria interactive: the rebels, their weapons and funds". Channel 4. 29 May 2013. Retrieved 25 September 2013.
  33. ^ Al Qaeda's Syrian Strategy
  34. ^ Meet the Syrian Rebel Commander Assad, Russia and the U.S. All Fear
  35. ^ "Kurds Build Bridges At Last". Independent European Daily Express. 13 October 2013.
  36. ^ http://www.jungewelt.de/2013/11-06/021.php
  37. ^ Syria attacked by al-Qaeda: Assad
  38. ^ a b c d e f g h "More than 120 thousand people killed in Syria". SOHR. Retrieved 31 October 2013.
  39. ^ "David Cameron Offers 'Safe Passage' For Syria's Bashar Al-Assad, But Not To Britain (PICTURES)". Huffington Post. 6 November 2012.
  40. ^ The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights
  41. ^ Hardened in Syrian war, Hezbollah presents new set of threats
  42. ^ "Iran: Senior IRGC Commander killed while travelling from Damascus to Beirut". Ncr-iran.org. Retrieved 2013-08-30.
  43. ^ "Iran: Funeral for IRGC officer killed in Syria". Ncr-iran.org. 2013-08-03. Retrieved 2013-08-30.
  44. ^ "Iran: IRGC member killed in Syria buried in Tehran". Ncr-iran.org. 2013-08-03. Retrieved 2013-08-30.
  45. ^ "Iran: Three IRGC members killed in Syria fighting for Assad regime". Ncr-iran.org. 2013-08-03. Retrieved 2013-08-30.
  46. ^ Iran Revolutionary Guards commander killed in Syria
  47. ^ With SOHR already stating that the number of government and rebel fatalities is evenly divided [1] and the pro-government fatalities to be an estimated 48,880,[2] a higher figure of rebels killed can be estimated to be 48,880 as well. This would be in line with SOHR's estimate that the number of combatant dead being double the documented number.[3]
  48. ^ "Syria: Opposition, almost 11,500 civilians killed". Ansamed.ansa.it. 2010-01-03. Retrieved 2013-08-27.
  49. ^ More than 115 thousand killed in Syria
  50. ^ a b "Violations Documenting Center". Violations Documenting Center. 30 October 2013. Retrieved 30 October 2013.
  51. ^ Wrase, Michael (4 April 2013). "Die arabische Revolution hat den Kurden Freiheit gebracht" (in German). Badische Zeitung. Retrieved 1 May 2013.
  52. ^ see 2013 Syrian Kurdish–Islamist conflict
  53. ^ "More than 2,000 killed in Syria since Ramadan began". Timesofoman.com. 2013-07-25. Retrieved 2013-08-27.
  54. ^ France urges action on Syria, says 120,000 deadWed, 25th Sep 2013 07:21
  55. ^ "Violations Documenting Center - other statistics". Violations Documenting Center. 30 October 2013. Retrieved 30 October 2013.
  56. ^ "Iraqi Soldier Killed by Fire from Syria". Naharnet.com. 3 March 2013.
  57. ^ Zeina Karam (17 September 2012). "Syrian jets bomb northern city overrun by rebels". Washington Examiner. Associated Press.
  58. ^ "Syria rebels fire on Iraq border posts, one killed". Channelnewsasia.com. 2013-06-09. Retrieved 2013-08-30.
  59. ^ "Iraqi border guard killed in Syria violence spillover". Presstv.ir. 2013-07-13. Retrieved 2013-08-30.
  60. ^ "Arsal ambush kills two Lebanese soldiers hunting wanted fugitive". Daily Star. Retrieved 2013-03-08.
  61. ^ Violence in Lebanese Border Towns Adds to Fears of Syrian Encroachment
  62. ^ "Assad regrets downing of Turkish jet, says won't allow open combat with Ankara". English.alarabiya.net. 2012-07-03.
  63. ^ "Turkish police killed in clashes on Syrian border". Worldbulletin.net. 2013-05-02.
  64. ^ "Syria's civil war spills violence across borders into Jordan, Lebanon". Associated Press. 22 October 2012. Retrieved 23 October 2012.
  65. ^ "Syrian Refugees in Lebanon," The New York Times, September 5, 2013: UN says: 6.5 million displaced, of whom 2 million fled out of the country
  66. ^ "Syria: A full-scale displacement and humanitarian crisis with no solutions in sight"., iDMC, Sep 2013: 5.1 million internally displaced ("forced to flee their homes because their lives were at danger, but did not cross international borders")
  67. ^ "Dispatch: Syria's Internally Displaced Depend on Handouts"., UN, Feb 2013: 2.5 million internally displaced
  68. ^ "Syria Regional Refugee Response". UNHCR. 18 August 2013.
  69. ^ "Syria's Meltdown Requires a U.S.-Led Response". Washington Institute for Near East Policy. 22 March 2013.
  70. ^ "NGO: More than 13,000 killed in Syria since March 2011". Agence France-Presse. 27 May 2012.
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