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Icelandair

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Icelandair
File:Icelandair logo.svg
IATA ICAO Call sign
FI ICE ICEAIR
Founded1937
HubsKeflavík International Airport
Frequent-flyer programSaga Club
Fleet size21
Destinations35
Parent companyIcelandair Group
HeadquartersReykjavík Airport
Reykjavík, Iceland
Key peopleBirkir Hólm Guðnason, CEO
Websiteicelandair.com

Icelandair is the main airline of Iceland, headquartered at Reykjavík Airport in Reykjavík.[1] It is part of the Icelandair Group and currently operates scheduled services to 35 cities in 16 countries on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean out of its hub at Keflavík International Airport.[2][3] The geographical position of Iceland allows one-stop transatlantic flights, which are one pillar of the airline's business strategy, along with traffic to and from the country.[4]

In 2012, Icelandair transported 2,021,000 passengers, an increase of 16% compared to 2011.[5]

History

Flugfélag Íslands in the early decades

The first Flugfélag Íslands Douglas DC-4, dubbed Gullfaxi, arriving at London Heathrow Airport in June 1953.

Icelandair traces its roots back to 1937, when Flugfélag Akureyrar was founded in Akureyri on the north coast of Iceland. Flight operations started in 1938 with a single floatplane of the type Waco YKS-7. In 1939 the airline had to be grounded when the aircraft was destroyed in a capsizing accident. The company moved to Reykjavík, where it acquired another Waco aircraft and was re-launched in 1940 as Flugfélag Íslands, which translates as Flight Company of Iceland.[6] Previously, two unrelated airlines of the same name had existed in the country (from 1919 to 1920, and between 1928 and 1931).[7] For international purposes, the name Iceland Airways was adopted.[8]

The fleet was expanded with a Beechcraft Model 18 in 1942, and with two de Havilland Dragon Rapide[9] as well as one U.S.-made Consolidated PBY Catalina in 1944, the latter being the first ever aircraft registered in Iceland to be flown to Iceland by an Icelandic crew from North America.[10] On 11 July 1945, this aircraft operated the first commercial flight over the Atlantic Ocean for the airline, which led from Reykjavík to Largs in Scotland, with four passengers and four crew members on board. Regular flights to Prestwick Airport, Scotland and Copenhagen in Denmark, using B-24 Liberator aircraft leased from Scottish Airlines were launched in 1946.[7]

In the same year, comfort and performance of domestic flights in Iceland could be improved with the introduction of the Douglas DC-3 Dakota. A total of six airliners of that type had been purchased, which remained in service with the airline until 1972, the oldest one being still flightworthy as of 2011.[11] Until the late 1960s, Flugfélag concentrated mostly on domestic flights, where it initially faced fierce competition from Loftleiðir, another airline which had been founded in 1944. When a merger proposal of the Icelandic government was rejected by the two airlines, the domestic routes were split among them as a measure to ease competition. When Loftleiðir pulled out of the domestic market in 1952 to fully concentrate on international flights, Flugfélag became the main domestic carrier of the country.

Icelandair Vickers Viscount at London Heathrow Airport in 1962.

International services stayed part of the business model of Flugfélag, though to a far lesser extent compared to Loftleiðir. In 1948, the Douglas C-54 Skymaster was introduced on those routes, and in 1957 two new Vickers 759 Viscounts were acquired, the first turboprop airliners to be operated by an Icelandic airline. In the 1950s, Flugfélag began to use the Icelandair branding for its international flights.[8]

In 1967, Flugfélag was the first Icelandic airline to join the jet age, when a Boeing 727 dubbed Gullfaxi was put into service.[12] Another 727 was acquired in 1971, and the aircraft type was operated until 1990.[13] In 2008, the cockpit section of the Gullfaxi was put on display at the Akureyri Aviation Museum.[14]

Loftleiðir

Main article: Loftleiðir

Another company called Loftleiðir had been formed in 1944 by three young pilots returning from their flight training in Canada. Their company, whose name roughly means "Skyways", concentrated on Icelandic domestic air services for the first few years. The first planes used were two Stinson Reliants, and then a Grumman Goose[15] amphibious aircraft.

At first, Loftleiðir, like Flugfélag Íslands, concentrated on domestic air services. Loftleiðir began scheduled international operations in 1947.[16]

By 1952, the Icelandic authorities were very worried that fierce competition between both Icelandic airlines would ruin both companies, and attempted to force a merger between them.[17] This did not happen at the time, but instead the authorities split up the domestic routes between the two airlines.[18] As a result, Loftleiðir ceased domestic flights in Iceland entirely, concentrating instead on international flights.[17] Loftleiðir's pioneering low-fare services across the North-Atlantic then commenced in 1953.[19] In a way, Loftleiðir can even be considered a sort of precursor of the low-cost carriers that started operating in the 1970s.[20][21][22] This made them a popular airline for travel between Europe and North America.[23]

The late 1960s were an exciting time for Loftleiðir.[24] In 1969 the company acquired Air Bahama, a small airline operating out of the Bahamas, and a year later Loftleiðir became one of the founders of Cargolux, a cargo airline. Also in 1970, Loftleiðir entered the jet age with its first two Douglas DC-8 aircraft.[25]

During those years, Loftleiðir were often referred to, even by the company's own staff, as "the Hippie Airline" or even "the Hippie Express".[26] Loftleiðir were not famous for speed or punctuality, but flying with the company became a sort of rite of passage for young "hippies" from America travelling to Europe, one of whom was Bill Clinton, later US President.[27][28]

Merger with Loftleiðir

During the 1970s energy crisis, the economic situation for both Flugfélag and Loftleiðir worsened. The government of Iceland initiated a new attempt to merge the two airlines, which could be realized in 1973 following lengthy negotiations.[29] Especially the staff of Loftleiðir complained that Flugfélag, although smaller, would have gained the upper hand.[30] A holding company called Flugleiðir was created, which combined the two companies and began to streamline staff and operations.[31] At the time of the merger, two thirds of the passenger traffic of the airline were international transatlantic crossings, and Flugfélag's fleet of DC-3s and 727s was enlarged by DC-8s of Loftleiðir. In 1979, Flugfélag bought all of Loftleiðir's assets in Flugleiðir, and the airline became known by today's Icelandair.

Post-merger Icelandair

A pair of Icelandair Douglas DC-8s at Luxembourg-Findel Airport (1983).
A Boeing 727 of Icelandair approaches London Heathrow Airport in 1983.

The aircraft fleet of Icelandair remained mainly unchanged until the Boeing 757-200 became the new backbone for transatlantic flights during the 1990s. The domestic Fokker F-27s were replaced by F-50s and Boeing 737s deployed on European routes. The European hub at Luxemburg-Findel Airport had been taken over from Loftleiðir. Passenger count topped one million in 1995[citation needed] as the company's business grew on a reputation as a "backpacker airline", similar to Loftleiðir, which had been referred to as "Hippie Airline" since the late 1960s. In the same year, it was begun to dismantle the Luxemburg hub in favor of today's decentralized European network, linking the largest cities non-stop to Reykjavík.[32]

In 1997 the domestic operations of Icelandair, part of which had previously been operated under the Flugfélag Nordurlands branding, were combined with small airline Nordurflug to form the Air Iceland subsidiary,[33] allowing mainline Icelandair to fully concentrate on international flights since then. In 1999, a new aircraft livery was introduced, as part of an image campaign designed to retire Icelandair's "backpacker" label in favor of an emphasis on business travel. From 2001, the Icelandair hub was moved to Keflavík International Airport. As Icelandair particularly focuses on flights to North America, the company was significantly affected by the airspace closure following the September 11 attacks in the same year.

The Flugleiðir holding was reorganized as Icelandair Group (for aviation business) and FL Group (for non-aviation finance and investment business) between 2002 and 2005, with Icelandair becoming the largest and most important of eleven subsidiaries. The wet-lease and charter department, which was founded in 2003, was named Loftleiðir Icelandic, thus re-introducing a familiar name.[34]

Developments since 2010

Icelandair was hit hard by the air traffic restrictions following the 2010 eruptions of Eyjafjallajökull, which resulted in large parts of the European airspace being closed down. The air travel disruption coincided with the start of the important summer season for the company. The in-house crisis management organization began assessing the situation once the scale had become known,.[35] Triple-daily crisis meetings were held at the airline's headquarters. Icelandair tried to operate as many passenger flights as possible, keeping its hub at Keflavík open and diverting European flights to airports that were still open, such as Glasgow International Airport or Trondheim Airport. The eventual closure of Keflavík due to the volcanic ash cloud coincided with an improvement of the situation towards Europe, which allowed Icelandair to move its headquarters with 200 staff to Glasgow and operate flights from there for ten days,[36][37] with shuttle flights to Iceland's Akureyri Airport and round-the-clock bus shuttles onwards to Reykjavík.

In the aftermath of the eruption, the government of Iceland launched the successful[38][39][40] "Inspired by Iceland" campaign to regain confidence in travelling to Iceland for tourists and business people,[41] of which Icelandair was a leading participant and initiator.[36]

When the Grímsvötn volcano erupted in 2011, Icelandair once again had to cope with airspace closures in Europe, though this time to a lesser extent due to a higher level of political preparedness.[42][43] Weekly newspaper The Economist claimed that Icelandair could even take advantage when catering for disaster tourists.[44]

In February 2011 Icelandair was chosen "The Knowledge Company" of the year and Icelandair CEO Birkir Hólm Guðnason was picked as "Man of the Year" in the Icelandic business community.[45] In both categories the panel of judges of the Association of Economists and Business Graduates in Iceland said that "the fine results of the company in the previous year showed both a high degree of skill and specialist knowledge within the company as well as excellent leadership."[45] In October of the same year, the airline was awarded the title "Marketing Firm of the Year in Iceland", by a judging panel from IMARK, the Marketing Association in Iceland.[46]

After having launched scheduled flights to Washington D.C. in 2011,[47] Denver was announced as new U.S. destination for 2012, followed by Anchorage in 2013, bringing the total number of cities served in the country up to eight, along with Boston, Minneapolis, New York City, Orlando and Seattle.[48] Also in 2012, Icelandair resumed domestic services, with regular flights to link Akureyri to its Keflavík hub through its subsidiary company Air Iceland.[49]

New order

On February 13 2013 Icelandair Group announced that the company had finalized an order with Boeing for sixteen new Boeing 737 MAX planes.[50] Purchase rights for eight additional 737s had also been signed. The value for all sixteen aircraft was USD 1.6 billion at Boeing list prices, but actual purchase price was confidential. The planes will be delivered in 2018-2021. In a press release from Icelandair Group Björgólfur Jóhannsson, president and CEO of the company enthused: “We are pleased to announce that we have finalized agreements on firm orders for 737 MAX. This will further strengthen our business and increase our flexibility and capability for growth. The first aircraft is scheduled to be delivered in the first half of 2018 and the aircraft will be operated alongside with the Company’s current fleet of Boeing 757s.”

The order is for nine 737 MAX 8 airplanes for 153 passengers and seven 737 MAX 9 aircraft which hold 172 passengers. In comparison Icelandair Group’s current Boeing 757-200 aircraft hold 183 passengers. Boeing 737 MAX is a new, improved and longer version of the present Boeing 737s. Fuel savings compared to Icelandair's present fleet of Boeing 757s is held to be more than 20% per seat.[51]

Inflight service

Icelandair offers three booking classes: Economy, Economy Comfort and Saga Class (the latter being equivalent to business class). Free meals are only available in Economy Comfort and Saga Class, and a buy on board service is provided for Economy Class passengers.[52]

Some of Icelandair's aircraft are equipped with a free of charge AVOD in-flight entertainment system that includes seatback, touch-screen monitors for each passenger.[53] The airline claims to be especially children-friendly. As such, free meals, blankets, pillows and headsets are provided, and the inflight system hosts a selection of children movies.[54]

Most of Icelandair's fleet is equipped with in-flight high-speed WiFi, provided by Row 44. The installation of WiFi in all the airline's B757-200/300W is expected to be completed by the autumn of 2013.[55][56]

Special Assistance is provided for travelling with pets,[57] young travellers and infants,[58][59][60] and Special Service, e.g. for blind people with seeing-eye dogs, expectant mothers, wheelchair service, POC systems.[61]

Icelandair Info, the inflight magazine of Icelandair, is printed four times a year in Icelandic and English. First published in 2008, it is also the product catalogue for the airline's Saga Shop. The frequent flyer program of the airline is called Saga Club.[62]

On 1 April 2013 world-famous Icelandic band Sigur Rós debuted their latest album, Valtari, exclusively onboard Icelandair's planes, two months before the album's general release. Biophilia, Björk's 2011 album, had earlier been released on Icelandair's fleet in the same way. [63]

Destinations

Main article: Icelandair destinations

Icelandair flies from Iceland to 25 destinations in Europe and 10 destinations in North America. Some of these destinations are seasonal.

Codeshare agreements

Additional destinations are offered on the basis of codeshare agreements with the following airlines:[64]

Interline agreements

Icelandair has interline agreements with the following airlines:[65]

Fleet

Icelandair has upgraded the cockpit of their Boeing 757-200s and -300 with state of the art full glass cockpits.

In 2005, the airline, on behalf of its parent company Icelandair Group, announced an order for 10 Boeing 737-800 aircraft with options for 5 more.[67] Those options were later exercised.[68] These planes were not used by the airline but leased to other airlines, including Air China.[69] During that same year, Icelandair announced the order for 2 Boeing 787 Dreamliners.[70]

In 2006 Icelandair announced the order for 2 more Boeing 787s.[71][72]

In 2011 it was announced that 3 orders will be transferred to Norwegian Air Shuttle.[73]

On December 6, 2012, the airline committed itself to ordering the upcoming Boeing 737 MAX aircraft, 8 of which will be the MAX 8, and 4 will be the MAX 9.[74][75] On 13 February, 2013, the airlines finalized the order for 16 Boeing 737 MAX 8s and Boeing 737 MAX 9s, in addition 8 purchase rights for Boeing 737 MAX aircraft.[76]

Current

An Icelandair Boeing 757-200 landing at Keflavik in 2007.
TF-FIX, the only Boeing 757-300 operated by Icelandair, on final approach at Toronto Pearson International Airport in 2012.

As of November 2013, the Icelandair fleet consists of the following aircraft, with an average age of 18.2 years:[77]

Icelandair Fleet
Passenger Fleet
Aircraft In Service Orders Passengers Notes
C Y Total
Boeing 737 MAX 8[76] 0 9
TBA
153 The airline also has 8 purchase rights for Boeing 737 MAX 8s and 9s
Deliveries through 2018 and 2021
Boeing 737 MAX 9[76] 0 7 TBA 172
Boeing 757-200 18 0 22
0 		167
200 		189
200
Boeing 757-300 1 0 18 210 228
Boeing 787-8 0 2[70][73]
TBA
Cargo Fleet
Boeing 757-200F 4 0 N/A
Total 23 20

Fleet history

An Icelandair Boeing 737-400 at Faro Airport in 1992.
A Boeing 767-300ER of Icelandair lands at Frankfurt Airport in 2006.

Over the years, the airline operated the following aircraft types:[78][79]

Icelandair historic fleet
Aircraft Introduced Retired
Boeing 727
1967
1990
Boeing 737-300
1997
2004
Boeing 737-400
1989
2001
Boeing 757-200
1990
Boeing 757-300
2002
Boeing 767-300ER
2003
2011
Douglas DC-3
1937
1970
Douglas C-47
1937
1970
Douglas DC-4
1937
1958
Douglas DC-6
1956
1972
Douglas DC-8
1969
1990
Douglas DC-10
1970
1980
Fokker F27 Friendship
1968
1992
Fokker 50
1992
1997
Vickers Viscount
1958
1970
Canadair CL-44
1964
1970
File:Iceair glass cockpit LCD display.jpg
Icelandair LCD glass cockpit

Environmental policy

Icelandair has adopted a strict environmental policy in keeping with Iceland's image as an unspoiled country with clean air, water, sea and nature in general. The goal of this policy is to minimize Icelandair’s total environmental impact and to establish sustainable practices by optimizing the use of the resources at the company's disposal.[80] This is done in a variety of ways, from recycling paper in the company's office to trying to create one of the "greenest" ground crews in the industry at Keflavik Airport to inviting passengers to participate in planting trees.[81]

Iceland Airwaves

As one of Iceland's largest companies, Icelandair sponsors many events and charities. The company is, together with the City of Reykjavík, the main sponsor of the hugely popular Iceland Airwaves, the annual music festival held in Reykjavík on the third weekend of October.[82] The festival spans five days (Wednesday - Sunday) and its main focus is showcasing new music, both Icelandic and international. In 2013 the German group Kraftwerk will front the festival.[83]

Accidents and incidents

  • On 29 May 1947, a Flugfélag Islands (as the airline was known at that time) Douglas C-47 Skytrain (registered TF-ISI) crashed near Hjedinsfjordur during a scheduled domestic flight from Reykjavík to Akureyri, killing the 21 passengers and four crew on board. To date, this remains the worst aviation accident in Iceland.[84]
  • On 31 January 1951, the 17 passengers and three crew members on board another C-47 (registered TF-ISG) were killed when the aircraft crashed into the sea off the Icelandic coast near Hafnarfjörður. The pilots were attempting to land the airplane at Reykjavík Airport in heavy snowfalls following a flight from Vestmannaeyjar, when radar contact was lost.[85]
  • On 14 April 1963, a Vickers Viscount (registered TF-ISU) crashed on approach of Oslo-Fornebu Airport. All 12 people on board were killed.[86]
  • On 26 September 1970, a Flugfélag Fokker F-27 Friendship (registered TF-FIL) crashed into a mountain near Vágar, Faroe Islands while approaching Vágar Airport following a scheduled passenger flight from Bergen, in what is known a controlled flight into terrain. Of the 34 people on board, seven passengers and one crew member were killed.[87]
  • On 15 November 1978, due to a fault on the ground based Instrument landing system transmitter, the Douglas DC-8 (registered TF-FLA) missed the runway upon approach of Colombo Airport in Sri Lanka during a chartered Hajj pilgrimage flight from Jeddah and crashed. 74 passengers and 5 crew members survived the accident.[88][89] The disaster of Flight LL 001 (a Loftleiðir flight number, but the company had merged with Flugfélag at that time) with its 183 fatalities marks the by far worst accident in the history of Icelandic aviation.
  • On 22 January 2002, the crew of Icelandair Flight 315, a Boeing 757-200 registered TF-FIO with 75 passengers on board, unintentionally entered a series of extreme manoeuvres during a go-around from a low altitude following an unstabilised approach[clarification needed] into Oslo Airport, Gardermoen. During the incident the aircraft was subjected to load factors in excess of the design limits, culminating in a dive followed by a +3.59 g pull up manoeuvre clearing the ground by only 321 ft. The speed limit for the flap configuration was also exceeded. Control was regained and a second approach was flown with the aircraft landing safely. The airliner was permitted to proceed on its subsequent scheduled flights without a technical inspection being conducted until 13 March of that year when its manufacturer Boeing recommended further maintenance work after having evaluated the Flight Data Recorder. The Accident Investigation Board Norway, which led the investigation into the incident, made four safety recommendations, including one to the wider aviation community on operational procedures regarding discontinued approaches.[90]
  • On 31 December 2012, on a flight from Reykjavik to New York, an intoxicated man became extremely unruly; hitting another passenger, screaming and spitting. The cabin crew, assisted by passengers, soon took matters into their own hands. The man was taped to his seat and monitored for his own safety for the duration of the flight. Pictures of the taped passenger were subsequently widely published on the internet. [91][92]

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  64. ^ Codeshare partners
  65. ^ Interline partners
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