Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase
Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS, cGAMP synthase), belonging to the nucleotidyltransferase family, is the cytosolic DNA sensor that activates the type-I interferon pathway. It binds to microbial DNA as well as self DNA that invades the cytoplasm, and catalyzes cGAMP synthesis.[1] cGAMP then functions as a second messenger that binds to and activates the endoplasmic reticulum protein STING to trigger type-I IFNs production.[2][3] Mouse lacking cGAS was more vulnerable to lethal infection by DNA viruses.[4] In addition, cGAS has been shown to be an innate immune sensor of retroviruses including HIV.[5][6]
Discovery
The cGAS protein was discovered by Zhijian James Chen.[1][7]
References
- ^ a b Sun, L (2012 Dec 20). "Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase is a cytosolic DNA sensor that activates the type I interferon pathway". Science (New York, N.Y.). 339 (6121): 786–91. PMID 23258413.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|date=(help); Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - ^ Wu, J (2012 Dec 20). "Cyclic GMP-AMP is an endogenous second messenger in innate immune signaling by cytosolic DNA". Science (New York, N.Y.). 339 (6121): 826–30. PMID 23258412.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|date=(help); Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - ^ Zhang, X (2013 Jun 03). "Cyclic GMP-AMP Containing Mixed Phosphodiester Linkages Is An Endogenous High-Affinity Ligand for STING". Molecular Cell. 51 (2): 226–235.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|date=(help); Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - ^ Li, XD (2013 Sep 20). "Pivotal roles of cGAS-cGAMP signaling in antiviral defense and immune adjuvant effects". Science (New York, N.Y.). 341 (6152): 1390–4.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|date=(help); Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - ^ Gao, D (2013 Aug 23). "Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase is an innate immune sensor of HIV and other retroviruses". Science (New York, N.Y.). 341 (6148): 903–6.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|date=(help); Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - ^ Lahaye, X (2013 Dec 12). "The Capsids of HIV-1 and HIV-2 Determine Immune Detection of the Viral cDNA by the Innate Sensor cGAS in Dendritic Cells". Immunity. 39 (6): 1132–42.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|date=(help); Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - ^ O'Neill LA (2013 Feb 15). "Sensing the Dark Side of DNA". Science (New York, N.Y.). 339 (6121): 763–4.
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