Hysteron proteron

The hysteron proteron (from the Template:Lang-el, hýsteron próteron, "latter before") is a rhetorical device . It occurs when the first key word of the idea refers to something that happens temporally later than the second key word. The goal is to call attention to the more important idea by placing it first.

The standard example comes from the Aeneid of Virgil: "Moriamur, et in media arma ruamus" ("Let us die, and charge into the thick of the fight"; ii. 353). A similar example is found in the Roman "gladiatorial salute" "Ave Imperator, morituri te salutant" ("Hail Emperor, those who are about to die salute you").

An example of hysteron proteron encountered in everyday life is the common reference to putting on one's "shoes and socks,” rather than "socks and shoes."

Hysteron proteron in poetry

In addition to the traditional use, hysteron proteron is often cited modernly as the usage of a succinct sentence in poetry as a transition between two interposed points and to emphasize the relationship between them or as one line equivocal of two structurally larger paragraphs. This is oft used by the revered poet Matthew Arnold; the seminal example of this is the transitional line between stanzas 1 and 4 in the episcopalian "To Marguerite—Continued," Arnold's ruminative, metaphysical commentary on mental isolation; "Across the sounds and channels pour --... But but how long we walk without the moon, one of speckling and sparkling sheen... Oh! then a longing like despair".

See also

• Cart before the horse
• George Hysteron-Proteron